Chloramine-T

Chloramine-T
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IUPAC name	N-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt
Other names	N-chloro para-toluenesulfonylamide, sodium chloro[(4-methyl phenyl)sulfonyl]azanide, chloramine-T
Identifiers
CAS number	127-65-1
Properties
Molecular formula	C7H7ClNO2S·Na (3H2O)
Molar mass	227.64
Appearance	white powder
Density	1.4 g/cm³
Melting point	releases chlorine at 130 °C solid melts at 167–169 °C
Solubility in water	15% in water (25 °C) 7.5% in rectified spirit (20 °C) insoluble in benzene and ethers
Hazards
Main hazards	Corrosive
R-phrases	22-31-34-42
S-phrases	(1/2-)-7-22-26-36/37/39-45
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

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N-chloro tosylamide sodium salt, sold as chloramine-T, is a N-chlorinated and N-deprotonated sulfonamide used as a biocide and a mild disinfectant. It is a white powder that gives unstable solutions with water.

Chemistry

As a N-chloro compound, it contains active (electrophilic) chlorine and can be compared to the O-chlorinated sodium hypochlorite. Chloramine-T is nearly neutral (pH typically 8.5). In water, it breaks down to the disinfectant hypochlorite. It can be used as a source of electrophilic chlorine in organic synthesis.

The sulfur adjacent to the nitrogen can stabilize a nitrogen anion (R₂N^–), so that the N-chloro sulfonyamide moiety can be deprotonated at nitrogen even with only sodium hydroxide.

Use as a biocide

Chloramine-T is used for disinfection and as an algicide, bactericide, germicide, for parasite control, and for drinking water disinfection. The molecular structure of toluenesulfonylamide is similar to para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in bacterial metabolism, which is disrupted by this sulfonamide (in the same way as by a sulfa drug). Therefore, chloramine-T is capable of inhibiting with bacterial growth with two mechanisms, with the phenylsulfonamide moiety and the electrophilic chlorine.

External links

• Chemicalland21.com: [1]
• MSDS [2], ICSS [3]nl:Chloramine-T