Capillary leak syndrome differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: M. Hassan, M.B.B.S

Overview

As capillary leak syndrome has overlapping clinical and laboratory findings with various other conditions, it should be considered as the diagnosis of exclusion. Some common ones include Adrenal insufficiency, Anaphylaxis, Carcinoid Syndrome, Chronic Heart Failure, Enteropathy, Gleich syndrome, Hereditary angioedema, Inferior vena cava syndrome, Mastocytosis, Nephrotic syndrome, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Pancreatitis, Pheochromocytoma, Primary amyloidosis, Sepsis and Toxic shock syndrome. Some other conditions that should be considered as a differential diagnosis include Differentiation syndrome, Engraftment syndrome, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Viral hemorrhagic fevers, Snakebite envenomation, Ricin poisoning, as well as multiple autoimmune conditions.

Differential diagnosis

Due to overlapping clinical and laboratory findings of capillary leak syndrome with other conditions, it is considered as the diagnosis of exclusion. SCLS should be differentiated from many possible differential diagnoses many of which may have overlapping symptoms such as hypotension, flushing and hypoalbuminemia with resultant edema. Such conditions include Adrenal insufficiency, Anaphylaxis, Carcinoid Syndrome, Chronic Heart Failure, Enteropathy, Gleich syndrome, Hereditary angioedema, Inferior vena cava syndrome, Mastocytosis, Nephrotic syndrome, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Pancreatitis, Pheochromocytoma, Primary amyloidosis, Sepsis and Toxic shock syndrome.[1][2]

Differential diagnosis[3]
Disorder Similarities to Systemic capillary leak syndrome Distinguishing features Investigations to confirm Differential Diagnosis
Adrenal insufficiency
Anaphylaxis (Idiopathic)
Carcinoid Syndrome
Chronic Heart Failure
Enteropathy with protein loss
Gleich syndrome
Hereditary angioedema
Inferior vena cava syndrome
Mastocytosis (Mast cell disease)
Nephrotic syndrome
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
  • Diagnosed with imaging modalities
Pancreatitis
Pheochromocytoma
Polycythemia vera
Primary amyloidosis
Sepsis
Toxic shock syndrome

References

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  2. Zancanaro A, Serafini F, Fantin G, Murer B, Cicardi M, Bonanni L; et al. (2015). "Clinical and pathological findings of a fatal systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson disease): a case report". Medicine (Baltimore). 94 (9): e591. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000591. PMC 4553957. PMID 25738482.
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  11. Ozdemir, Didem; Dagdelen, Selcuk; Erbas, Tomris; Agbaht, Kemal; Serefhanoglu, Songul; Aksu, Salih; Ersoy-Evans, Sibel (2010). "Hypotension, Syncope, and Fever in Systemic Mastocytosis without Skin Infiltration and Rapid Response to Corticosteroid and Cyclosporin: A Case Report". Case Reports in Medicine. 2010: 1–4. doi:10.1155/2010/782595. ISSN 1687-9627.
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