Activating group
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753
In organic chemistry, a functional group is called an activating group (or electron donating group) if a benzene molecule to which it is attached more readily participates in electrophilic substitution reactions. Benzene itself will normally undergo substitutions by electrophiles, but additional substituents can alter the reaction rate or products by electronically or sterically affecting the interaction of the two reactants.
Functional groups are typically divided into three levels of activating ability. Deactivating groups are assigned to similar groupings.
Strongly Activating Groups
- -OH -O-
R = alkyl
Strongly activating substituents favor electrophilic substitution about the ortho and para positions.
This is illustrated by drawing the resonance structure's of aniline: [2]
Moderately Activating Groups
- -NHCOCH3 -NHCOR
- -OCH3 -OR
Weakly Activating Groups
- -CH3 -C2H5 -R
- -C6H5
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Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
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