AMACR

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	AMACR; RACE
External IDs	OMIM: 604489 MGI: 1098273 Homologene: 7410
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity • lyase activity • isomerase activity Cellular Component: • mitochondrion • peroxisome Biological Process: • metabolic process
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	23600	17117
Ensembl	na	ENSMUSG00000022244
Uniprot	na	Q3TUS8
Refseq	NM_014324 (mRNA) NP_055139 (protein)	NM_008537 (mRNA) NP_032563 (protein)
Location	na	Chr 15: 10.93 - 10.94 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

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Overview

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, also known as AMACR, is a human gene.

The AMACR protein helps to metabolize certain fatty acids within the body. Several studies have suggested that AMACR can be used as a prostate cancer biomarker.

Further reading

• Jiang Z, Woda BA, Wu CL, Yang XJ (2004). "Discovery and clinical application of a novel prostate cancer marker: alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase (P504S).". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 122 (2): 275-89. doi:10.1309/EJUY-UQPE-X1MG-68MK. PMID 15323145.
• Bautch S (1991). "Wisconsin doctor selected as national symbol of physicians' sacrifices.". Wis. Med. J. 90 (8): 485-7. PMID 1926890.
• Schmitz W, Albers C, Fingerhut R, Conzelmann E (1995). "Purification and characterization of an alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase from human liver.". Eur. J. Biochem. 231 (3): 815-22. PMID 7649182.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171-4. PMID 8125298.
• Schmitz W, Helander HM, Hiltunen JK, Conzelmann E (1997). "Molecular cloning of cDNA species for rat and mouse liver alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemases.". Biochem. J. 326 ( Pt 3): 883-9. PMID 9307041.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149-56. PMID 9373149.
• Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, Clayton PT, et al. (2000). "Mutations in the gene encoding peroxisomal alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase cause adult-onset sensory motor neuropathy.". Nat. Genet. 24 (2): 188-91. doi:10.1038/72861. PMID 10655068.
• Kotti TJ, Savolainen K, Helander HM, et al. (2000). "In mouse alpha -methylacyl-CoA racemase, the same gene product is simultaneously located in mitochondria and peroxisomes.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (27): 20887-95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002067200. PMID 10770938.
• Amery L, Fransen M, De Nys K, et al. (2001). "Mitochondrial and peroxisomal targeting of 2-methylacyl-CoA racemase in humans.". J. Lipid Res. 41 (11): 1752-9. PMID 11060344.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788-95. PMID 11076863.
• Rubin MA, Zhou M, Dhanasekaran SM, et al. (2002). "alpha-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer.". JAMA 287 (13): 1662-70. PMID 11926890.
• Luo J, Zha S, Gage WR, et al. (2002). "Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: a new molecular marker for prostate cancer.". Cancer Res. 62 (8): 2220-6. PMID 11956072.
• Zhou M, Chinnaiyan AM, Kleer CG, et al. (2002). "Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase: a novel tumor marker over-expressed in several human cancers and their precursor lesions.". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 26 (7): 926-31. PMID 12131161.
• Kuefer R, Varambally S, Zhou M, et al. (2002). "alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase: expression levels of this novel cancer biomarker depend on tumor differentiation.". Am. J. Pathol. 161 (3): 841-8. PMID 12213712.
• Varambally S, Dhanasekaran SM, Zhou M, et al. (2002). "The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer.". Nature 419 (6907): 624-9. doi:10.1038/nature01075. PMID 12374981.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899-903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
• Leav I, McNeal JE, Ho SM, Jiang Z (2003). "Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (P504S) expression in evolving carcinomas within benign prostatic hyperplasia and in cancers of the transition zone.". Hum. Pathol. 34 (3): 228-33. doi:10.1053/hupa.2003.42. PMID 12673556.
• Shen-Ong GL, Feng Y, Troyer DA (2003). "Expression profiling identifies a novel alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase exon with fumarate hydratase homology.". Cancer Res. 63 (12): 3296-301. PMID 12810662.
• Zha S, Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, et al. (2004). "Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase as an androgen-independent growth modifier in prostate cancer.". Cancer Res. 63 (21): 7365-76. PMID 14612535.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40-5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.