AKAP12

A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	AKAP12; AKAP250; DKFZp686M0430; DKFZp686O0331
External IDs	OMIM: 604698 MGI: 1932576 Homologene: 3740
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • protein binding • protein kinase A binding Cellular Component: • cytoplasm Biological Process: • protein targeting • signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	9590	83397
Ensembl	ENSG00000131016	ENSMUSG00000038587
Uniprot	Q02952	na
Refseq	NM_005100 (mRNA) NP_005091 (protein)	XM_987919 (mRNA) XP_993013 (protein)
Location	Chr 6: 151.6 - 151.72 Mb	Chr 10: 5.99 - 6.08 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12, also known as AKAP12, is a human gene.

The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is expressed in endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, and osteosarcoma cells. It associates with protein kinases A and C and phosphatase, and serves as a scaffold protein in signal transduction. This protein and RII PKA colocalize at the cell periphery. This protein is a cell growth-related protein. Antibodies to this protein can be produced by patients with myasthenia gravis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Further reading

• Lester LB, Scott JD (1997). "Anchoring and scaffold proteins for kinases and phosphatases.". Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 52: 409-29; discussion 429-30. PMID 9238861.
• Michel JJ, Scott JD (2002). "AKAP mediated signal transduction.". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 42: 235-57. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.083101.135801. PMID 11807172.
• Yildirim M, Paydas S, Tanriverdi K, et al. (2007). "Gravin gene expression in acute leukaemias: clinical importance and review of the literature.". Leuk. Lymphoma 48 (6): 1167-72. doi:10.1080/10428190701377055. PMID 17577780.
• Gordon T, Grove B, Loftus JC, et al. (1992). "Molecular cloning and preliminary characterization of a novel cytoplasmic antigen recognized by myasthenia gravis sera.". J. Clin. Invest. 90 (3): 992-9. PMID 1522245.
• Nauert JB, Klauck TM, Langeberg LK, Scott JD (1997). "Gravin, an autoantigen recognized by serum from myasthenia gravis patients, is a kinase scaffold protein.". Curr. Biol. 7 (1): 52-62. PMID 9000000.
• Sato N, Kokame K, Shimokado K, et al. (1998). "Changes of gene expression by lysophosphatidylcholine in vascular endothelial cells: 12 up-regulated distinct genes including 5 cell growth-related, 3 thrombosis-related, and 4 others.". J. Biochem. 123 (6): 1119-26. PMID 9604001.
• Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, et al. (1999). "Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (3): 1588-95. PMID 9880537.
• Lin F, Wang H, Malbon CC (2000). "Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (25): 19025-34. PMID 10858453.
• Fan G, Shumay E, Wang H, Malbon CC (2001). "The scaffold protein gravin (cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein 250) binds the beta 2-adrenergic receptor via the receptor cytoplasmic Arg-329 to Leu-413 domain and provides a mobile scaffold during desensitization.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 24005-14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011199200. PMID 11309381.
• Grove BD, Bruchey AK (2001). "Intracellular distribution of gravin, a PKA and PKC binding protein, in vascular endothelial cells.". J. Vasc. Res. 38 (2): 163-75. PMID 11316952.
• Sasaki H, Kunimatsu M, Fujii Y, et al. (2002). "Autoantibody to gravin is expressed more strongly in younger and nonthymomatous patients with myasthenia gravis.". Surg. Today 31 (11): 1036-7. PMID 11766078.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899-903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
• Piontek J, Brandt R (2003). "Differential and regulated binding of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C isoenzymes to gravin in human model neurons: Evidence that gravin provides a dynamic platform for the localization for kinases during neuronal development.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (40): 38970-9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306749200. PMID 12857743.
• Tao J, Wang HY, Malbon CC (2004). "Protein kinase A regulates AKAP250 (gravin) scaffold binding to the beta2-adrenergic receptor.". EMBO J. 22 (24): 6419-29. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg628. PMID 14657015.
• Choi MC, Jong HS, Kim TY, et al. (2004). "AKAP12/Gravin is inactivated by epigenetic mechanism in human gastric carcinoma and shows growth suppressor activity.". Oncogene 23 (42): 7095-103. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207932. PMID 15258566.
• Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, et al. (2005). "Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain.". Mol. Cell Proteomics 3 (11): 1093-101. doi:10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200. PMID 15345747.
• Streb JW, Miano JM (2005). "AKAP12alpha, an atypical serum response factor-dependent target gene.". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (6): 4125-34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M412466200. PMID 15590635.
• Streb JW, Miano JM (2005). "Cross-species sequence analysis reveals multiple charged residue-rich domains that regulate nuclear/cytoplasmic partitioning and membrane localization of a kinase anchoring protein 12 (SSeCKS/Gravin).". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (30): 28007-14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M414017200. PMID 15923193.