wikidoc - Changes related to "Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al." [en]

Heart failure resident survival guide

2026-05-06T22:22:38Z

Congestive heart failure Management of Acute heart failure

2026-05-06T22:03:50Z

Ischemic stroke medical therapy

2026-05-05T16:05:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 5 May 2026
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.		Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.		Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.		Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Medical Therapy==		==Medical Therapy==

	*~~The reported cases~~ of ~~treatment for [[~~COVID-~~19]]-associated [[~~stroke~~]] have followed the same guidelines as patients with no [[COVID-19]] infection. The following recommendations are mainly based on the current guidelines of management for~~ stroke ~~of the AHA 2019.~~		*Treatment of COVID-19–associated ischemic stroke generally follows standard acute ischemic stroke pathways.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>
	*[[Alteplase\|IV alteplase]] is always preferred over mechanical [[thrombectomy]] when there are no contraindications.<ref name="~~SaverGoyal2016~~">{{cite journal\|~~last1=Saver\|first1=Jeffrey L.\|last2=Goyal\|first2=Mayank\|last3=van der Lugt\|first3=Aad\|last4~~=Menon~~\|first4=Bijoy K.\|last5=Majoie\|first5=Charles~~ B~~. L.~~ M.\|~~last6~~=~~Dippel~~\|~~first6~~=~~Diederik W.~~\|~~last7~~=~~Campbell~~\|~~first7~~=~~Bruce C.~~\|~~last8~~=~~Nogueira~~\|~~first8~~=~~Raul G.~~\|~~last9~~=~~Demchuk~~\|~~first9~~=~~Andrew M~~.\|~~last10~~=~~Tomasello\|first10=Alejandro\|last11=Cardona\|first11=Pere\|last12=Devlin\|first12=Thomas G~~.~~\|last13~~=~~Frei~~\|~~first13~~=~~Donald F.\|last14=du Mesnil~~ de ~~Rochemont~~\|~~first14~~=~~Richard\|last15=Berkhemer\|first15=Olvert~~ A.\|~~last16~~=~~Jovin~~\|~~first16=Tudor G.\|last17~~=~~Siddiqui~~\|~~first17~~=~~Adnan H.~~\|~~last18~~=~~van Zwam~~\|~~first18~~=~~Wim H.~~\|~~last19~~=~~Davis~~\|~~first19~~=~~Stephen M~~.~~\|last20=Castaño\|first20=Carlos\|last21=Sapkota\|first21=Biggya L~~.\|~~last22~~=~~Fransen\|first22=Puck S~~.~~\|last23~~=~~Molina~~\|~~first23~~=~~Carlos~~\|~~last24~~=~~van Oostenbrugge~~\|~~first24~~=~~Robert J.~~\|~~last25~~=~~Chamorro~~\|~~first25~~=~~Ángel~~\|~~last26~~=~~Lingsma~~\|~~first26~~=~~Hester~~\|~~last27~~=~~Silver~~\|~~first27~~=~~Frank L~~.\|~~last28~~=~~Donnan~~\|~~first28~~=~~Geoffrey A.~~\|~~last29~~=~~Shuaib~~\|~~first29~~=~~Ashfaq~~\|~~last30~~=~~Brown~~\|~~first30~~=~~Scott~~\|~~last31~~=~~Stouch~~\|~~first31~~=~~Bruce~~\|~~last32~~=~~Mitchell~~\|~~first32~~=~~Peter J~~.\|~~last33~~=~~Davalos\|first33~~=~~Antoni~~\|~~last34~~=~~Roos\|first34=Yvo~~ B~~. W.~~ E. M~~.\|last35=Hill\|first35=Michael D.~~\|title=~~Time to Treatment With Endovascular~~ Thrombectomy ~~and Outcomes From Ischemic~~ Stroke~~: A Meta-analysis~~\|journal=~~JAMA~~\|volume=~~316~~\|issue=12\|~~year~~=~~2016~~\|~~pages~~=~~1279~~\|~~issn~~=~~0098-7484~~\|doi=10.~~1001~~/~~jama.2016.13647~~}}</ref>		*In patients with suspected or confirmed LVO, evaluation for EVT should occur urgently, and IV thrombolysis should be given when eligible without delaying EVT.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>
			*EVT indications include appropriately selected patients within 0–6 hours, and in selected patients within 6–24 hours based on imaging/clinical criteria; recent randomized trials also support EVT in selected large ischemic core anterior circulation strokes.<ref name="pmid38759664">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Hilkens NA, Casolla B, Leung TW, de Leeuw FE \|title=Stroke \|journal=Lancet \|volume=403 \|issue=10446 \|pages=2820–2836 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38759664 \|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00642-1 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid38265667">{{cite journal \|vauthors= \|title=Trial of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Strokes \|journal=N Engl J Med \|volume=390 \|issue=4 \|pages=388 \|date=January 2024 \|pmid=38265667 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMx230009 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid38718358">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Costalat V, Jovin TG, Albucher JF, Cognard C, Henon H, Nouri N, Gory B, Richard S, Marnat G, Sibon I, Di Maria F, Annan M, Boulouis G, Cardona P, Obadia M, Piotin M, Bourcier R, Guillon B, Godard S, Pasco-Papon A, Eker OF, Cho TH, Turc G, Naggara O, Velasco S, Lamy M, Clarençon F, Alamowitch S, Renu A, Suissa L, Brunel H, Gentric JC, Timsit S, Lamy C, Chivot C, Macian-Montoro F, Mounayer C, Ozkul-Wermester O, Papagiannaki C, Wolff V, Pop R, Ferrier A, Chabert E, Ricolfi F, Béjot Y, Lopez-Cancio E, Vega P, Spelle L, Denier C, Millán M, Arenillas JF, Mazighi M, Houdart E, Del Mar Freijo M, Duhamel A, Sanossian N, Liebeskind DS, Labreuche J, Lapergue B, Arquizan C \|title=Trial of Thrombectomy for Stroke with a Large Infarct of Unrestricted Size \|journal=N Engl J Med \|volume=390 \|issue=18 \|pages=1677–1689 \|date=May 2024 \|pmid=38718358 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2314063 \|url=}}</ref>
	*The usefulness of [[anticoagulants]] such as [[thrombin]] inhibitors ([[dabigatran]]) and [[factor Xa]] inhibitors ([[rivaroxaban]], [[apixaban]], [[edoxaban]]) is not well established in the acute setting of [[stroke]].<ref name="GioiaKate2016">{{cite journal\|last1=Gioia\|first1=Laura C.\|last2=Kate\|first2=Mahesh\|last3=Sivakumar\|first3=Leka\|last4=Hussain\|first4=Dulara\|last5=Kalashyan\|first5=Hayrapet\|last6=Buck\|first6=Brian\|last7=Bussiere\|first7=Miguel\|last8=Jeerakathil\|first8=Thomas\|last9=Shuaib\|first9=Ashfaq\|last10=Emery\|first10=Derek\|last11=Butcher\|first11=Ken\|title=Early Rivaroxaban Use After Cardioembolic Stroke May Not Result in Hemorrhagic Transformation\|journal=Stroke\|volume=47\|issue=7\|year=2016\|pages=1917–1919\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013491}}</ref>		*The usefulness of [[anticoagulants]] such as [[thrombin]] inhibitors ([[dabigatran]]) and [[factor Xa]] inhibitors ([[rivaroxaban]], [[apixaban]], [[edoxaban]]) is not well established in the acute setting of [[stroke]].<ref name="GioiaKate2016">{{cite journal\|last1=Gioia\|first1=Laura C.\|last2=Kate\|first2=Mahesh\|last3=Sivakumar\|first3=Leka\|last4=Hussain\|first4=Dulara\|last5=Kalashyan\|first5=Hayrapet\|last6=Buck\|first6=Brian\|last7=Bussiere\|first7=Miguel\|last8=Jeerakathil\|first8=Thomas\|last9=Shuaib\|first9=Ashfaq\|last10=Emery\|first10=Derek\|last11=Butcher\|first11=Ken\|title=Early Rivaroxaban Use After Cardioembolic Stroke May Not Result in Hemorrhagic Transformation\|journal=Stroke\|volume=47\|issue=7\|year=2016\|pages=1917–1919\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013491}}</ref>
	*The use of [[thrombolysis]] via ultrasound waves concomitant to [[Fibrinolysis\|IV fibrinolysis]] is not recommended.<ref name="NacuKvistad2017">{{cite journal\|last1=Nacu\|first1=Aliona\|last2=Kvistad\|first2=Christopher E.\|last3=Naess\|first3=Halvor\|last4=Øygarden\|first4=Halvor\|last5=Logallo\|first5=Nicola\|last6=Assmus\|first6=Jörg\|last7=Waje-Andreassen\|first7=Ulrike\|last8=Kurz\|first8=Kathinka D.\|last9=Neckelmann\|first9=Gesche\|last10=Thomassen\|first10=Lars\|title=NOR-SASS (Norwegian Sonothrombolysis in Acute Stroke Study)\|journal=Stroke\|volume=48\|issue=2\|year=2017\|pages=335–341\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014644}}</ref>		*The use of [[thrombolysis]] via ultrasound waves concomitant to [[Fibrinolysis\|IV fibrinolysis]] is not recommended.<ref name="NacuKvistad2017">{{cite journal\|last1=Nacu\|first1=Aliona\|last2=Kvistad\|first2=Christopher E.\|last3=Naess\|first3=Halvor\|last4=Øygarden\|first4=Halvor\|last5=Logallo\|first5=Nicola\|last6=Assmus\|first6=Jörg\|last7=Waje-Andreassen\|first7=Ulrike\|last8=Kurz\|first8=Kathinka D.\|last9=Neckelmann\|first9=Gesche\|last10=Thomassen\|first10=Lars\|title=NOR-SASS (Norwegian Sonothrombolysis in Acute Stroke Study)\|journal=Stroke\|volume=48\|issue=2\|year=2017\|pages=335–341\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014644}}</ref>

HNF gene transcriptions

2026-05-04T07:57:15Z

IDC check of (r) HNF6 (864)

@@ Line 228: / Line 228: @@
 ==HNF6 samplings==
 For the Basic programs (starting with SuccessablesHNF6.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
@@ Line 457: / Line 458: @@
 (12) AAGTTGATAA 0 AAGTTGATAG 0 AAGTTGATAT 0 AAGTTGATCA 0 AAGTTGATCG 0 AAGTTGATCT 0 AAGTTGATGA 0 AAGTTGATGG 0 AAGTTGATGT 0 AAGTTGATTA 0 AAGTTGATTG 0 AAGTTGATTT 0
 ==Acknowledgements==

Ischemic stroke medical therapy

2026-05-03T15:59:28Z

Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 3 May 2026
Line 4:		Line 4:

	==Overview==		==Overview==
	~~The medical therapy of [[~~ischemic stroke]] is ~~mainly~~ directed to ~~fibrinolysis of clot by r-tPA~~ with in ~~3 to 4~~.5 hours ~~of symptom~~ onset~~. Acute treatment with antiplatelets may have a role if given within~~ 24~~-48~~ hours ~~of stroke onset~~. ~~Long term management with statins,~~ antiplatelets, ~~anticoagulants~~, ~~antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents may help prevent the recurrence.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Hackam DG~~, Spence JD \|title=Combining multiple approaches for the secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke: a quantitative modeling study \|journal=Stroke \|volume=38 \|issue=6 \|pages=1881–5 \|year=2007 \|pmid=17431209 \|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.475525}}</ref>		Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.
	~~Acute treatment to control blood pressure, blood glucose~~ and ~~fever may help prevent the complications and have a prognostic significance~~.
			Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.

			Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.

	==Medical Therapy==		==Medical Therapy==

HNF gene transcriptions

2026-05-03T09:54:01Z

IDC check of (r) HNF6 (864)

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:54, 3 May 2026
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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	The occurrences of real HNF6 UTRs are outside the randoms, proximals and negative distals are greater than randoms, positive distals are less than randoms. This suggests that the real HNF6s are likely active or activable.		The occurrences of real HNF6 UTRs are outside the randoms, proximals and negative distals are greater than randoms, positive distals are less than randoms. This suggests that the real HNF6s are likely active or activable.

			==IDC check of (r) HNF6 (864)==

			(1) AAATCAATAA 0 AAATCAATAG 0 AAATCAATAT 0 AAATCAATCA 0 AAATCAATCG 0 AAATCAATCT 0 AAATCAATGA 0 AAATCAATGG 0 AAATCAATGT 0 AAATCAATTA 0 AAATCAATTG 0 AAATCAATTT 0

			(2) AAATCCATAA 0 AAATCCATAG 0 AAATCCATAT 0 AAATCCATCA 0 AAATCCATCG 0 AAATCCATCT 0 AAATCCATGA 0 AAATCCATGG 0 AAATCCATGT 0 AAATCCATTA 0 AAATCCATTG 0 AAATCCATTT 0

			(3) AAATCGATAA 0 AAATCGATAG 0 AAATCGATAT 0 AAATCGATCA 0 AAATCGATCG 0 AAATCGATCT 0 AAATCGATGA 0 AAATCGATGG 0 AAATCGATGT 0 AAATCGATTA 0 AAATCGATTG 0 AAATCGATTT 0

			(4) AAATTAATAA 0 AAATTAATAG 0 AAATTAATAT 0 AAATTAATCA 0 AAATTAATCG 0 AAATTAATCT 0 AAATTAATGA 0 AAATTAATGG 0 AAATTAATGT 0 AAATTAATTA 0 AAATTAATTG 0 AAATTAATTT 0

			(5) AAATTCATAA 0 AAATTCATAG 0 AAATTCATAT 0 AAATTCATCA 0 AAATTCATCG 0 AAATTCATCT 0 AAATTCATGA 0 AAATTCATGG 0 AAATTCATGT 0 AAATTCATTA 0 AAATTCATTG 0 AAATTCATTT 0

			(6) AAATTGATAA 0 AAATTGATAG 0 AAATTGATAT 0 AAATTGATCA 0 AAATTGATCG 0 AAATTGATCT 0 AAATTGATGA 0 AAATTGATGG 0 AAATTGATGT 0 AAATTGATTA 0 AAATTGATTG 0 AAATTGATTT 0

			(7) AAGTCAATAA 0 AAGTCAATAG 0 AAGTCAATAT 0 AAGTCAATCA 0 AAGTCAATCG 0 AAGTCAATCT 0 AAGTCAATGA 0 AAGTCAATGG 0 AAGTCAATGT 0 AAGTCAATTA 0 AAGTCAATTG 0 AAGTCAATTT 0

			(8) AAGTCCATAA 0 AAGTCCATAG 0 AAGTCCATAT 0 AAGTCCATCA 0 AAGTCCATCG 0 AAGTCCATCT 0 AAGTCCATGA 0 AAGTCCATGG 0 AAGTCCATGT 0 AAGTCCATTA 0 AAGTCCATTG 0 AAGTCCATTT 0

			(9) AAGTCGATAA 0 AAGTCGATAG 0 AAGTCGATAT 0 AAGTCGATCA 0 AAGTCGATCG 0 AAGTCGATCT 0 AAGTCGATGA 0 AAGTCGATGG 0 AAGTCGATGT 0 AAGTCGATTA 0 AAGTCGATTG 0 AAGTCGATTT 0

			(10) AAGTTAATAA 0 AAGTTAATAG 0 AAGTTAATAT 0 AAGTTAATCA 0 AAGTTAATCG 0 AAGTTAATCT 0 AAGTTAATGA 0 AAGTTAATGG 0 AAGTTAATGT 0 AAGTTAATTA 0 AAGTTAATTG 0 AAGTTAATTT 0

			(11) AAGTTCATAA 0 AAGTTCATAG 0 AAGTTCATAT 0 AAGTTCATCA 0 AAGTTCATCG 0 AAGTTCATCT 0 AAGTTCATGA 0 AAGTTCATGG 0 AAGTTCATGT 0 AAGTTCATTA 0 AAGTTCATTG 0 AAGTTCATTT 0

			(12) AAGTTGATAA 0 AAGTTGATAG 0 AAGTTGATAT 0 AAGTTGATCA 0 AAGTTGATCG 0 AAGTTGATCT 0 AAGTTGATGA 0 AAGTTGATGG 0 AAGTTGATGT 0 AAGTTGATTA 0 AAGTTGATTG 0 AAGTTGATTT 0

	==Acknowledgements==		==Acknowledgements==