wikidoc - Changes related to "Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al." [en]

Heart failure resident survival guide

2026-05-06T22:22:38Z

Congestive heart failure Management of Acute heart failure

2026-05-06T22:03:50Z

Ischemic stroke medical therapy

2026-05-05T16:05:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 5 May 2026
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.		Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.		Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.		Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Medical Therapy==		==Medical Therapy==

	*~~The reported cases~~ of ~~treatment for [[~~COVID-~~19]]-associated [[~~stroke~~]] have followed the same guidelines as patients with no [[COVID-19]] infection. The following recommendations are mainly based on the current guidelines of management for~~ stroke ~~of the AHA 2019.~~		*Treatment of COVID-19–associated ischemic stroke generally follows standard acute ischemic stroke pathways.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>
	*[[Alteplase\|IV alteplase]] is always preferred over mechanical [[thrombectomy]] when there are no contraindications.<ref name="~~SaverGoyal2016~~">{{cite journal\|~~last1=Saver\|first1=Jeffrey L.\|last2=Goyal\|first2=Mayank\|last3=van der Lugt\|first3=Aad\|last4~~=Menon~~\|first4=Bijoy K.\|last5=Majoie\|first5=Charles~~ B~~. L.~~ M.\|~~last6~~=~~Dippel~~\|~~first6~~=~~Diederik W.~~\|~~last7~~=~~Campbell~~\|~~first7~~=~~Bruce C.~~\|~~last8~~=~~Nogueira~~\|~~first8~~=~~Raul G.~~\|~~last9~~=~~Demchuk~~\|~~first9~~=~~Andrew M~~.\|~~last10~~=~~Tomasello\|first10=Alejandro\|last11=Cardona\|first11=Pere\|last12=Devlin\|first12=Thomas G~~.~~\|last13~~=~~Frei~~\|~~first13~~=~~Donald F.\|last14=du Mesnil~~ de ~~Rochemont~~\|~~first14~~=~~Richard\|last15=Berkhemer\|first15=Olvert~~ A.\|~~last16~~=~~Jovin~~\|~~first16=Tudor G.\|last17~~=~~Siddiqui~~\|~~first17~~=~~Adnan H.~~\|~~last18~~=~~van Zwam~~\|~~first18~~=~~Wim H.~~\|~~last19~~=~~Davis~~\|~~first19~~=~~Stephen M~~.~~\|last20=Castaño\|first20=Carlos\|last21=Sapkota\|first21=Biggya L~~.\|~~last22~~=~~Fransen\|first22=Puck S~~.~~\|last23~~=~~Molina~~\|~~first23~~=~~Carlos~~\|~~last24~~=~~van Oostenbrugge~~\|~~first24~~=~~Robert J.~~\|~~last25~~=~~Chamorro~~\|~~first25~~=~~Ángel~~\|~~last26~~=~~Lingsma~~\|~~first26~~=~~Hester~~\|~~last27~~=~~Silver~~\|~~first27~~=~~Frank L~~.\|~~last28~~=~~Donnan~~\|~~first28~~=~~Geoffrey A.~~\|~~last29~~=~~Shuaib~~\|~~first29~~=~~Ashfaq~~\|~~last30~~=~~Brown~~\|~~first30~~=~~Scott~~\|~~last31~~=~~Stouch~~\|~~first31~~=~~Bruce~~\|~~last32~~=~~Mitchell~~\|~~first32~~=~~Peter J~~.\|~~last33~~=~~Davalos\|first33~~=~~Antoni~~\|~~last34~~=~~Roos\|first34=Yvo~~ B~~. W.~~ E. M~~.\|last35=Hill\|first35=Michael D.~~\|title=~~Time to Treatment With Endovascular~~ Thrombectomy ~~and Outcomes From Ischemic~~ Stroke~~: A Meta-analysis~~\|journal=~~JAMA~~\|volume=~~316~~\|issue=12\|~~year~~=~~2016~~\|~~pages~~=~~1279~~\|~~issn~~=~~0098-7484~~\|doi=10.~~1001~~/~~jama.2016.13647~~}}</ref>		*In patients with suspected or confirmed LVO, evaluation for EVT should occur urgently, and IV thrombolysis should be given when eligible without delaying EVT.<ref name="pmid41582814">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, Adeoye O, Alexandrov AW, Ansari SA, Chapman S, Czap AL, Dumitrascu OM, Ishida K, Jadhav AP, Johnson B, Johnston KC, Khatri P, Kimberly WT, Lee VH, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mac Grory B, Madsen TE, Menon B, Mistry EA, Park S, Parker S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Reeves M, Saiz T, Scott PA, Schwartzberg D, Sheth SA, Sporns PB, Times S, Tjoumakaris S, Wolfe SQ, Yaghi S \|title=2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association \|journal=Stroke \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|date=January 2026 \|pmid=41582814 \|doi=10.1161/STR.0000000000000513 \|url=}}</ref>
			*EVT indications include appropriately selected patients within 0–6 hours, and in selected patients within 6–24 hours based on imaging/clinical criteria; recent randomized trials also support EVT in selected large ischemic core anterior circulation strokes.<ref name="pmid38759664">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Hilkens NA, Casolla B, Leung TW, de Leeuw FE \|title=Stroke \|journal=Lancet \|volume=403 \|issue=10446 \|pages=2820–2836 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38759664 \|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00642-1 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid38265667">{{cite journal \|vauthors= \|title=Trial of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Strokes \|journal=N Engl J Med \|volume=390 \|issue=4 \|pages=388 \|date=January 2024 \|pmid=38265667 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMx230009 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid38718358">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Costalat V, Jovin TG, Albucher JF, Cognard C, Henon H, Nouri N, Gory B, Richard S, Marnat G, Sibon I, Di Maria F, Annan M, Boulouis G, Cardona P, Obadia M, Piotin M, Bourcier R, Guillon B, Godard S, Pasco-Papon A, Eker OF, Cho TH, Turc G, Naggara O, Velasco S, Lamy M, Clarençon F, Alamowitch S, Renu A, Suissa L, Brunel H, Gentric JC, Timsit S, Lamy C, Chivot C, Macian-Montoro F, Mounayer C, Ozkul-Wermester O, Papagiannaki C, Wolff V, Pop R, Ferrier A, Chabert E, Ricolfi F, Béjot Y, Lopez-Cancio E, Vega P, Spelle L, Denier C, Millán M, Arenillas JF, Mazighi M, Houdart E, Del Mar Freijo M, Duhamel A, Sanossian N, Liebeskind DS, Labreuche J, Lapergue B, Arquizan C \|title=Trial of Thrombectomy for Stroke with a Large Infarct of Unrestricted Size \|journal=N Engl J Med \|volume=390 \|issue=18 \|pages=1677–1689 \|date=May 2024 \|pmid=38718358 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2314063 \|url=}}</ref>
	*The usefulness of [[anticoagulants]] such as [[thrombin]] inhibitors ([[dabigatran]]) and [[factor Xa]] inhibitors ([[rivaroxaban]], [[apixaban]], [[edoxaban]]) is not well established in the acute setting of [[stroke]].<ref name="GioiaKate2016">{{cite journal\|last1=Gioia\|first1=Laura C.\|last2=Kate\|first2=Mahesh\|last3=Sivakumar\|first3=Leka\|last4=Hussain\|first4=Dulara\|last5=Kalashyan\|first5=Hayrapet\|last6=Buck\|first6=Brian\|last7=Bussiere\|first7=Miguel\|last8=Jeerakathil\|first8=Thomas\|last9=Shuaib\|first9=Ashfaq\|last10=Emery\|first10=Derek\|last11=Butcher\|first11=Ken\|title=Early Rivaroxaban Use After Cardioembolic Stroke May Not Result in Hemorrhagic Transformation\|journal=Stroke\|volume=47\|issue=7\|year=2016\|pages=1917–1919\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013491}}</ref>		*The usefulness of [[anticoagulants]] such as [[thrombin]] inhibitors ([[dabigatran]]) and [[factor Xa]] inhibitors ([[rivaroxaban]], [[apixaban]], [[edoxaban]]) is not well established in the acute setting of [[stroke]].<ref name="GioiaKate2016">{{cite journal\|last1=Gioia\|first1=Laura C.\|last2=Kate\|first2=Mahesh\|last3=Sivakumar\|first3=Leka\|last4=Hussain\|first4=Dulara\|last5=Kalashyan\|first5=Hayrapet\|last6=Buck\|first6=Brian\|last7=Bussiere\|first7=Miguel\|last8=Jeerakathil\|first8=Thomas\|last9=Shuaib\|first9=Ashfaq\|last10=Emery\|first10=Derek\|last11=Butcher\|first11=Ken\|title=Early Rivaroxaban Use After Cardioembolic Stroke May Not Result in Hemorrhagic Transformation\|journal=Stroke\|volume=47\|issue=7\|year=2016\|pages=1917–1919\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013491}}</ref>
	*The use of [[thrombolysis]] via ultrasound waves concomitant to [[Fibrinolysis\|IV fibrinolysis]] is not recommended.<ref name="NacuKvistad2017">{{cite journal\|last1=Nacu\|first1=Aliona\|last2=Kvistad\|first2=Christopher E.\|last3=Naess\|first3=Halvor\|last4=Øygarden\|first4=Halvor\|last5=Logallo\|first5=Nicola\|last6=Assmus\|first6=Jörg\|last7=Waje-Andreassen\|first7=Ulrike\|last8=Kurz\|first8=Kathinka D.\|last9=Neckelmann\|first9=Gesche\|last10=Thomassen\|first10=Lars\|title=NOR-SASS (Norwegian Sonothrombolysis in Acute Stroke Study)\|journal=Stroke\|volume=48\|issue=2\|year=2017\|pages=335–341\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014644}}</ref>		*The use of [[thrombolysis]] via ultrasound waves concomitant to [[Fibrinolysis\|IV fibrinolysis]] is not recommended.<ref name="NacuKvistad2017">{{cite journal\|last1=Nacu\|first1=Aliona\|last2=Kvistad\|first2=Christopher E.\|last3=Naess\|first3=Halvor\|last4=Øygarden\|first4=Halvor\|last5=Logallo\|first5=Nicola\|last6=Assmus\|first6=Jörg\|last7=Waje-Andreassen\|first7=Ulrike\|last8=Kurz\|first8=Kathinka D.\|last9=Neckelmann\|first9=Gesche\|last10=Thomassen\|first10=Lars\|title=NOR-SASS (Norwegian Sonothrombolysis in Acute Stroke Study)\|journal=Stroke\|volume=48\|issue=2\|year=2017\|pages=335–341\|issn=0039-2499\|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014644}}</ref>

HNF gene transcriptions

2026-05-04T07:57:15Z

IDC check of (r) HNF6 (864)

@@ Line 228: / Line 228: @@
 ==HNF6 samplings==
 For the Basic programs (starting with SuccessablesHNF6.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:
@@ Line 457: / Line 458: @@
 (12) AAGTTGATAA 0 AAGTTGATAG 0 AAGTTGATAT 0 AAGTTGATCA 0 AAGTTGATCG 0 AAGTTGATCT 0 AAGTTGATGA 0 AAGTTGATGG 0 AAGTTGATGT 0 AAGTTGATTA 0 AAGTTGATTG 0 AAGTTGATTT 0
 ==Acknowledgements==

Ischemic stroke medical therapy

2026-05-03T15:59:28Z

Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 3 May 2026
Line 4:		Line 4:

	==Overview==		==Overview==
	~~The medical therapy of [[~~ischemic stroke]] is ~~mainly~~ directed to ~~fibrinolysis of clot by r-tPA~~ with in ~~3 to 4~~.5 hours ~~of symptom~~ onset~~. Acute treatment with antiplatelets may have a role if given within~~ 24~~-48~~ hours ~~of stroke onset~~. ~~Long term management with statins,~~ antiplatelets, ~~anticoagulants~~, ~~antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents may help prevent the recurrence.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Hackam DG~~, Spence JD \|title=Combining multiple approaches for the secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke: a quantitative modeling study \|journal=Stroke \|volume=38 \|issue=6 \|pages=1881–5 \|year=2007 \|pmid=17431209 \|doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.475525}}</ref>		Acute ischemic stroke therapy is primarily directed to rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis (alteplase or tenecteplase) in eligible patients and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO); these treatments should be considered in parallel and should not delay each other.
	~~Acute treatment to control blood pressure, blood glucose~~ and ~~fever may help prevent the complications and have a prognostic significance~~.
			Antiplatelet therapy (usually aspirin) is recommended within 24–48 hours after onset in most patients who are not receiving IV thrombolysis, and is generally delayed until 24 hours after thrombolysis.

			Secondary prevention includes antiplatelets or anticoagulation depending on etiology (eg, atrial fibrillation), lipid-lowering therapy, and risk-factor management.

	==Medical Therapy==		==Medical Therapy==

HNF gene transcriptions

2026-05-03T09:54:01Z

IDC check of (r) HNF6 (864)

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:54, 3 May 2026
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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	The occurrences of real HNF6 UTRs are outside the randoms, proximals and negative distals are greater than randoms, positive distals are less than randoms. This suggests that the real HNF6s are likely active or activable.		The occurrences of real HNF6 UTRs are outside the randoms, proximals and negative distals are greater than randoms, positive distals are less than randoms. This suggests that the real HNF6s are likely active or activable.

			==IDC check of (r) HNF6 (864)==

			(1) AAATCAATAA 0 AAATCAATAG 0 AAATCAATAT 0 AAATCAATCA 0 AAATCAATCG 0 AAATCAATCT 0 AAATCAATGA 0 AAATCAATGG 0 AAATCAATGT 0 AAATCAATTA 0 AAATCAATTG 0 AAATCAATTT 0

			(2) AAATCCATAA 0 AAATCCATAG 0 AAATCCATAT 0 AAATCCATCA 0 AAATCCATCG 0 AAATCCATCT 0 AAATCCATGA 0 AAATCCATGG 0 AAATCCATGT 0 AAATCCATTA 0 AAATCCATTG 0 AAATCCATTT 0

			(3) AAATCGATAA 0 AAATCGATAG 0 AAATCGATAT 0 AAATCGATCA 0 AAATCGATCG 0 AAATCGATCT 0 AAATCGATGA 0 AAATCGATGG 0 AAATCGATGT 0 AAATCGATTA 0 AAATCGATTG 0 AAATCGATTT 0

			(4) AAATTAATAA 0 AAATTAATAG 0 AAATTAATAT 0 AAATTAATCA 0 AAATTAATCG 0 AAATTAATCT 0 AAATTAATGA 0 AAATTAATGG 0 AAATTAATGT 0 AAATTAATTA 0 AAATTAATTG 0 AAATTAATTT 0

			(5) AAATTCATAA 0 AAATTCATAG 0 AAATTCATAT 0 AAATTCATCA 0 AAATTCATCG 0 AAATTCATCT 0 AAATTCATGA 0 AAATTCATGG 0 AAATTCATGT 0 AAATTCATTA 0 AAATTCATTG 0 AAATTCATTT 0

			(6) AAATTGATAA 0 AAATTGATAG 0 AAATTGATAT 0 AAATTGATCA 0 AAATTGATCG 0 AAATTGATCT 0 AAATTGATGA 0 AAATTGATGG 0 AAATTGATGT 0 AAATTGATTA 0 AAATTGATTG 0 AAATTGATTT 0

			(7) AAGTCAATAA 0 AAGTCAATAG 0 AAGTCAATAT 0 AAGTCAATCA 0 AAGTCAATCG 0 AAGTCAATCT 0 AAGTCAATGA 0 AAGTCAATGG 0 AAGTCAATGT 0 AAGTCAATTA 0 AAGTCAATTG 0 AAGTCAATTT 0

			(8) AAGTCCATAA 0 AAGTCCATAG 0 AAGTCCATAT 0 AAGTCCATCA 0 AAGTCCATCG 0 AAGTCCATCT 0 AAGTCCATGA 0 AAGTCCATGG 0 AAGTCCATGT 0 AAGTCCATTA 0 AAGTCCATTG 0 AAGTCCATTT 0

			(9) AAGTCGATAA 0 AAGTCGATAG 0 AAGTCGATAT 0 AAGTCGATCA 0 AAGTCGATCG 0 AAGTCGATCT 0 AAGTCGATGA 0 AAGTCGATGG 0 AAGTCGATGT 0 AAGTCGATTA 0 AAGTCGATTG 0 AAGTCGATTT 0

			(10) AAGTTAATAA 0 AAGTTAATAG 0 AAGTTAATAT 0 AAGTTAATCA 0 AAGTTAATCG 0 AAGTTAATCT 0 AAGTTAATGA 0 AAGTTAATGG 0 AAGTTAATGT 0 AAGTTAATTA 0 AAGTTAATTG 0 AAGTTAATTT 0

			(11) AAGTTCATAA 0 AAGTTCATAG 0 AAGTTCATAT 0 AAGTTCATCA 0 AAGTTCATCG 0 AAGTTCATCT 0 AAGTTCATGA 0 AAGTTCATGG 0 AAGTTCATGT 0 AAGTTCATTA 0 AAGTTCATTG 0 AAGTTCATTT 0

			(12) AAGTTGATAA 0 AAGTTGATAG 0 AAGTTGATAT 0 AAGTTGATCA 0 AAGTTGATCG 0 AAGTTGATCT 0 AAGTTGATGA 0 AAGTTGATGG 0 AAGTTGATGT 0 AAGTTGATTA 0 AAGTTGATTG 0 AAGTTGATTT 0

	==Acknowledgements==		==Acknowledgements==

Industrial and organizational psychology

2026-04-27T20:07:19Z

Career calling

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:07, 27 April 2026
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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	* [[Empowerment(psychology)\|Empowerment]]		* [[Empowerment(psychology)\|Empowerment]]
	* [[Engagement (psychology)\|Engagement]]		* [[Engagement (psychology)\|Engagement]]
			* [[Career calling]]
	* [[Job satisfaction]]		* [[Job satisfaction]]
	* [[Burnout (psychology)\|Burnout]]		* [[Burnout (psychology)\|Burnout]]
Line 63:		Line 64:
	* "Would you say you are thriving or struggling with the following types of bonds or relationships at work?"		* "Would you say you are thriving or struggling with the following types of bonds or relationships at work?"

	A separate body of research has emerged more recently that gives a broader definition to thriving, but does not cite the above research that has used factor analysis to identify core features~~<ref>~~<ref name="pmid28913621">{{cite journal\| author=Brady KJS, Trockel MT, Khan CT, Raj KS, Murphy ML, Bohman B et al.\| title=What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement. \| journal=Acad Psychiatry \| = 2017 \| volume= \| issue= \| pages= \| pmid=28913621 \| doi=10.1007/s40596-017-0781-6 \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28913621 }} </ref><ref>Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113-147. {{doi\|10.1177/1088868314544222}}</ref>.		A separate body of research has emerged more recently that gives a broader definition to thriving, but does not cite the above research that has used factor analysis to identify core features<ref name="pmid28913621">{{cite journal\| author=Brady KJS, Trockel MT, Khan CT, Raj KS, Murphy ML, Bohman B et al.\| title=What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement. \| journal=Acad Psychiatry \| = 2017 \| volume= \| issue= \| pages= \| pmid=28913621 \| doi=10.1007/s40596-017-0781-6 \| pmc= \| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28913621 }} </ref><ref>Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113-147. {{doi\|10.1177/1088868314544222}}</ref>.

	==== Importance====		==== Importance====
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	* Emotional: I feel energetic at my job; I am enthusiastic in my job		* Emotional: I feel energetic at my job; I am enthusiastic in my job
	* Cognitive: At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job; At work, I am absorbed by my job		* Cognitive: At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job; At work, I am absorbed by my job

			===Career calling ===
			Career calling has various definitions, a more recent definition by Rosso and Wrzesniewski is, "meaningful beckoning toward work activities that are morally, socially, and personally significant"<ref name="Rosso2010">{{cite journal \| last1=Rosso \| first1=Brent D. \| last2=Dekas \| first2=Kathryn H. \| last3=Wrzesniewski \| first3=Amy \| title=On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review \| journal=Research in Organizational Behavior \| volume=30 \| date=2010 \| doi=10.1016/j.riob.2010.09.001 \| pages=91–127 \| url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191308510000067 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>. calling can be measured with<ref name="Dik2012">{{cite journal \| last1=Dik \| first1=Bryan J. \| last2=Eldridge \| first2=Brandy M. \| last3=Steger \| first3=Michael F. \| last4=Duffy \| first4=Ryan D. \| title=Development and Validation of the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ) and Brief Calling Scale (BCS) \| journal=Journal of Career Assessment \| volume=20 \| issue=3 \| date=2012 \| issn=1069-0727 \| doi=10.1177/1069072711434410 \| pages=242–263 \| url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1069072711434410 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>:
			# I have a calling to my current line of work.
			# I have a good understanding of my calling as it applies to my career.

			Career calling can be promoted by a career calling climate at work<ref name="Chen 2025">{{cite journal \| last1=Chen \| first1=Jiatian \| last2=May \| first2=Douglas R. \| last3=Schwoerer \| first3=Catherine E. \| title=Career calling climate: The development and validation of a scale for a new construct \| journal=Journal of Management & Organization \| volume=31 \| issue=4 \| date=2025 \| issn=1833-3672 \| doi=10.1017/jmo.2023.16 \| pages=1688–1707 \| url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1833367223000160/type/journal_article \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>.

			Calling may increase engagement at work, especially is organizational commitment is present<ref name="Cao2019">{{cite journal \| last1=Cao \| first1=Yudi \| last2=Liu \| first2=Jingying \| last3=Liu \| first3=Kejia \| last4=Yang \| first4=Mengyu \| last5=Liu \| first5=Yanhui \| title=The mediating role of organizational commitment between calling and work engagement of nurses: A cross-sectional study \| journal=International Journal of Nursing Sciences \| volume=6 \| issue=3 \| date=2019-07-10 \| issn=2352-0132 \| pmid=31508452 \| pmc=6722477 \| doi=10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.05.004 \| pages=309–314 \| url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31508452 \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref> as measured by the organizational commitment scale (OCS)<ref name="Allen2011">{{cite journal \| last1=Allen \| first1=Natalie J. \| last2=Meyer \| first2=John P. \| title=The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization \| journal=Journal of Occupational Psychology \| volume=63 \| issue=1 \| date=1990 \| issn=0305-8107 \| doi=10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x \| pages=1–18 \| url=https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x \| access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>.

	===Satisfaction===		===Satisfaction===

Chronic stable angina overview

2026-04-25T15:44:25Z

Treatment

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Cardiomyopathy overview

2026-04-25T14:08:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 25 April 2026
(15 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	{{Cardiomyopathy}}		{{Cardiomyopathy}}
	{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}}		{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}} {{MSD}}

	==Overview==		==Overview==
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	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	===Medical Therapy===		===Medical Therapy===
	Treatment ~~depends~~ on the ~~type~~ of cardiomyopathy, ~~but may include medication~~, ~~implanted [[artificial pacemaker\|pacemakers]]~~, ~~[[Implantable cardioverter~~-~~defibrillator~~\|~~defribillators]]~~, ~~or [[ventricular assist device]]s (LVADs)~~, ~~or [[ablation]]~~. ~~The goal of treatment is often~~ symptom relief, and ~~some~~ patients ~~may eventually require a [[~~heart transplant]]. ~~Treatment~~ of ~~cardiomyopathy (~~and ~~other heart diseases) using alternative methods such as [[stem cell therapy]] is commercially available but is not supported by convincing evidence~~.		Treatment is phenotype-directed and includes guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure syndromes and targeted therapy for specific cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In HCM, management includes symptom-directed pharmacotherapy (beta-blocker or nondihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, with disopyramide or a cardiac myosin inhibitor in selected adults with obstructive physiology), risk-based use of ICDs, and septal reduction therapy at experienced centers when symptoms persist despite medical therapy.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid35363499">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e895–e1032 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363499 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063 \|url=}}</ref>For cardiomyopathy with HFrEF, foundational GDMT consists of an ARNI/ACE inhibitor/ARB, evidence-based beta-blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and SGLT2 inhibitor, with additional therapies and device-based treatment individualized by EF, QRS, symptoms, and comorbidities.<ref name="pmid35363499">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e895–e1032 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363499 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063 \|url=}}</ref> Goals include symptom relief, prevention of sudden cardiac death (when relevant, e.g., HCM), and modification of heart-failure trajectory; patients with advanced heart failure despite GDMT should be referred to an advanced HF team for consideration of transplant and/or durable mechanical circulatory support.<ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e876–e894 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363500 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 \|url=}}</ref> In HCM with atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulation is recommended irrespective of CHA₂DS₂-VASc, and rhythm and/or rate control should be individualized.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref>

	===Surgery===		===Surgery===
	~~There~~ are ~~several types~~ of ~~surgery used~~ to ~~treat cardiomyopathy. They include~~ septal ablation, ~~[[septal myectomy]]~~, ~~surgically implanted devices to improve~~ the ~~function~~ of the ~~heart~~, ~~and [[heart transplant]]~~.		Procedural and surgical options are phenotype-specific and should be performed at experienced centers when indicated.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref> For symptomatic obstructive HCM refractory to medical therapy, septal reduction therapy includes surgical septal myectomy or (in selected patients) alcohol septal ablation. Advanced heart failure may require durable mechanical circulatory support and/or heart transplantation after evaluation by an advanced HF team.<ref name="pmid38718139">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, Dearani JA, Epps KC, Evanovich L, Ferrari VA, Joglar JA, Khan SS, Kim JJ, Kittleson MM, Krittanawong C, Martinez MW, Mital S, Naidu SS, Saberi S, Semsarian C, Times S, Waldman CB \|title=2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=23 \|pages=e1239–e1311 \|date=June 2024 \|pmid=38718139 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 \|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e876–e894 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363500 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 \|url=}}</ref>

	===Primary Prevention===		===Primary Prevention===
	~~Methods of primary~~ prevention ~~for cardiomyopathy include; maintaining a healthy weight~~, ~~not smoking~~, ~~avoiding~~ alcohol and illicit drugs, ~~reducing stress~~, and ~~treating underlying conditions such as [[diabetes]] and [[high blood pressure]]~~.		Primary prevention focuses on ‘at risk’ (Stage A) and ‘pre-HF’ (Stage B) management: control hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and other cardiovascular risk factors; avoid cardiotoxins (including excess alcohol and illicit drugs); and treat structural heart disease early to prevent progression to symptomatic HF.<ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW \|title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=145 \|issue=18 \|pages=e876–e894 \|date=May 2022 \|pmid=35363500 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 \|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid38033089">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, Deswal A, Eckhardt LL, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorenek B, Hess PL, Hlatky M, Hogan G, Ibeh C, Indik JH, Kido K, Kusumoto F, Link MS, Linta KT, Marcus GM, McCarthy PM, Patel N, Patton KK, Perez MV, Piccini JP, Russo AM, Sanders P, Streur MM, Thomas KL, Times S, Tisdale JE, Valente AM, Van Wagoner DR \|title=2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines \|journal=Circulation \|volume=149 \|issue=1 \|pages=e1–e156 \|date=January 2024 \|pmid=38033089 \|pmc=11095842 \|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Preferences==		==Preferences==

Fractional flow reserve

2026-04-22T21:49:21Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{SI}}
-{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' Priyantha Ranaweera, M.D.
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' Priyantha Ranaweera, M.D. {{ACM}}
 '''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' FFR, coronary fractional flow reserve
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 **Pressure wire may track under a plaque and cause a dissection.
 **Repeated attempts in trying to negotiate tortuous anatomy may cause trauma to intact endothelium and promote thrombosis and dissection.
 ==2011, 2009 and 2005 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid22070837">{{cite journal|author=Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH |title=2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]]|volume=58 |issue=24 |pages=2550–83 |year=2011|month=December|pmid=22070837|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.006|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)02875-0|accessdate=2011-12-08|url=http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/58/24/2550.pdf|PDF}}</ref><ref name="pmid19942100">{{cite journal |author=Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC, King SB, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Bailey SR, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Casey DE, Green LA, Hochman JS, Jacobs AK, Krumholz HM, Morrison DA, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Peterson ED, Sloan MA, Whitlow PL, Williams DO|title=2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update) a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines|journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]]|volume=54|issue=23|pages=2205–41|year=2009|month=December|pmid=19942100|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.015|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(09)03518-9|accessdate=2011-12-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid16490830">{{cite journal| author=Smith SC, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW, Jacobs AK, Kern MJ, King SB et al.| title=ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). |journal=Circulation | year= 2006 | volume= 113 | issue= 7 | pages= e166-286 | pmid=16490830 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.173220 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16490830  }}</ref>==

GC box gene transcriptions

2026-04-22T07:50:54Z

GC box (Briggs) samplings

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:50, 22 April 2026
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	==GC box (Briggs) samplings==		==GC box (Briggs) samplings==
			[[GC box gene transcriptions#GC box (Briggs) samplings\|GC box (Briggs) samplings]]

	"A GC box [...] consensus sequence is represented as 5'-(G/T)(G/A)GGCG(G/T)(G/A)(G/A)C/T-3' [or 5′-KRGGCGKRRY-3′] (Briggs et al., 1986)."<ref name=Imataka/>		"A GC box [...] consensus sequence is represented as 5'-(G/T)(G/A)GGCG(G/T)(G/A)(G/A)C/T-3' [or 5′-KRGGCGKRRY-3′] (Briggs et al., 1986)."<ref name=Imataka/>

Heart failure resident survival guide

2026-04-21T11:24:22Z

Treatment of Heart Failure in Stage C and D

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