https://www.wikidoc.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Prashanthsaddala
wikidoc - User contributions [en]
2026-06-12T14:03:18Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.45.1
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Prashanthsaddala&diff=1398877
User:Prashanthsaddala
2017-11-29T12:47:26Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Major Contributions to WikiDoc ==<br />
<br />
1. As part of the [http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Differential_diagnosis_project '''Differential diagnosis project'''], developed a complete list of causes of the following:<br />
<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute pancreatitis causes|Acute pancreatitis]]<br />
*[[Gallstone disease causes|Gallstone disease]]<br />
*[[Cholestasis causes|Cholestasis]]<br />
*[[Conjunctivitis causes|Conjunctivitis]]<br />
*[[Dysphonia#Causes|Dysphonia]]<br />
*[[Exsanguination#Causes|Exsanguination]]<br />
*[[Hypernatremia causes|Hypernatremia]]<br />
*[[Hyponatremia causes|Hyponatremia]]<br />
*[[Premature ventricular contraction#Causes|Premature ventricular contraction]]<br />
*[[Premature atrial contraction#Causes|Premature atrial contraction]]<br />
*[[Palpitation#Causes|Palpitation]]<br />
*[[Sinus bradycardia#Causes|Sinus bradycardia]]<br />
*[[Ventricular tachycardia causes|Ventricular tachycardia]]<br />
*[[Hypotension causes|Hypotension]]<br />
*[[T wave inversion#Causes by Organ System|T wave inversion]]<br />
*[[Atrioventricular block causes#Causes by Organ System|Atrioventricular block]]<br />
*[[Hyperlipidemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Pneumothorax causes#Causes by Organ System|Pneumothorax]]<br />
*[[Pleural effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pleural effusion]]<br />
*[[Delusion#Causes by Organ System|Delusion]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hypoglycemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hypoglycemia]]<br />
*[[Uveitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Uveitis]]<br />
*[[Cyanosis causes|Cyanosis]]<br />
*[[Cystitis causes|Cystitis]]<br />
*[[Cramp]]<br />
*[[Cholecystitis causes|Cholecystitis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes insipidus causes|Diabetes insipidus]]<br />
*[[Blister]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Hypotonia#Causes|Hypotonia]]<br />
*[[Inattention#Causes|Inattention]]<br />
*[[Jaundice causes|Jaundice]]<br />
*[[Paroxysmal hypertension#Causes|Paroxysmal hypertension]]<br />
*[[Peptic ulcer causes|Peptic ulcer]]<br />
*[[Urinary hesitancy#Causes|Urinary hesitancy]]<br />
*[[Unconsciousness#Causes|Unconsciousness]]<br />
*[[Weight gain causes|Weight gain]]<br />
*[[QT prolongation#Causes by Organ System|QT prolongation]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis#Causes|Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Respiratory acidosis#Causes|Respiratory acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metabolic alkalosis#Causes|Metabolic alkalosis]]<br />
*[[Cardiomegaly causes|Cardiomegaly]]<br />
*[[Portal hypertension#Causes by Organ System|Portal Hypertension]]<br />
*[[Tracheal compression#Causes|Tracheal compression]]<br />
*[[Flushing#Causes|Flushing]]<br />
*[[Acute liver failure causes#Causes by Organ System|Acute liver failure]]<br />
*[[Hemoptysis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hemoptysis]]<br />
*[[Pericardial effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pericardial effusion]]<br />
*[[Bone pain#Causes by Organ System|Bone pain]]<br />
*[[Hearing impairment causes#Causes by Organ System|Hearing impairment]]<br />
*[[Purpura causes#Causes by Organ System|Purpura]]<br />
*[[Raynaud's phenomenon causes#Causes by Organ System|Raynaud's phenomenon]]<br />
*[[Peripheral arterial disease causes|Claudication/Peripheral arterial disease]]<br />
*[[Facial pain]]<br />
*[[Pericardial constriction causes|Constrictive pericarditis]]<br />
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]<br />
*[[Chronic pelvic pain]]<br />
*[[Fatty liver]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Prashanthsaddala&diff=868649
User:Prashanthsaddala
2013-04-10T03:55:03Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
*'''Research Fellow''' at [http://www.perfuse.org/ '''PERFUSE Study Group'''], Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.<br />
*'''Deputy Editor-In-Chief''' for WikiDoc.org<br />
*'''Certified Quantitative Coronary Angiographer''' at [http://www.perfuse.org/ '''PERFUSE Study Group'''], Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.<br />
<br />
== Major Contributions to WikiDoc ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Assosciate Editor-in-Chief''' for numerous '''WikiDoc pages'''.<br />
<br />
2. Created and edited numerous '''WikiPatient pages'''.<br />
<br />
3. Uploaded '''1500+ radiology images''' and placed them at appropriate microchapters and subheadings of respective WikiDoc pages.<br />
<br />
4. As part of the [http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Differential_diagnosis_project '''Differential diagnosis project'''], developed a complete list of causes of the following:<br />
<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute pancreatitis causes|Acute pancreatitis]]<br />
*[[Gallstone disease causes|Gallstone disease]]<br />
*[[Cholestasis causes|Cholestasis]]<br />
*[[Conjunctivitis causes|Conjunctivitis]]<br />
*[[Dysphonia#Causes|Dysphonia]]<br />
*[[Exsanguination#Causes|Exsanguination]]<br />
*[[Hypernatremia causes|Hypernatremia]]<br />
*[[Hyponatremia causes|Hyponatremia]]<br />
*[[Premature ventricular contraction#Causes|Premature ventricular contraction]]<br />
*[[Premature atrial contraction#Causes|Premature atrial contraction]]<br />
*[[Palpitation#Causes|Palpitation]]<br />
*[[Sinus bradycardia#Causes|Sinus bradycardia]]<br />
*[[Ventricular tachycardia causes|Ventricular tachycardia]]<br />
*[[Hypotension causes|Hypotension]]<br />
*[[T wave inversion#Causes by Organ System|T wave inversion]]<br />
*[[Atrioventricular block causes#Causes by Organ System|Atrioventricular block]]<br />
*[[Hyperlipidemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Pneumothorax causes#Causes by Organ System|Pneumothorax]]<br />
*[[Pleural effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pleural effusion]]<br />
*[[Delusion#Causes by Organ System|Delusion]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hypoglycemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hypoglycemia]]<br />
*[[Uveitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Uveitis]]<br />
*[[Cyanosis causes|Cyanosis]]<br />
*[[Cystitis causes|Cystitis]]<br />
*[[Cramp]]<br />
*[[Cholecystitis causes|Cholecystitis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes insipidus causes|Diabetes insipidus]]<br />
*[[Blister]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Hypotonia#Causes|Hypotonia]]<br />
*[[Inattention#Causes|Inattention]]<br />
*[[Jaundice causes|Jaundice]]<br />
*[[Paroxysmal hypertension#Causes|Paroxysmal hypertension]]<br />
*[[Peptic ulcer causes|Peptic ulcer]]<br />
*[[Urinary hesitancy#Causes|Urinary hesitancy]]<br />
*[[Unconsciousness#Causes|Unconsciousness]]<br />
*[[Weight gain causes|Weight gain]]<br />
*[[QT prolongation#Causes by Organ System|QT prolongation]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis#Causes|Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Respiratory acidosis#Causes|Respiratory acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metabolic alkalosis#Causes|Metabolic alkalosis]]<br />
*[[Cardiomegaly causes|Cardiomegaly]]<br />
*[[Portal hypertension#Causes by Organ System|Portal Hypertension]]<br />
*[[Tracheal compression#Causes|Tracheal compression]]<br />
*[[Flushing#Causes|Flushing]]<br />
*[[Acute liver failure causes#Causes by Organ System|Acute liver failure]]<br />
*[[Hemoptysis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hemoptysis]]<br />
*[[Pericardial effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pericardial effusion]]<br />
*[[Bone pain#Causes by Organ System|Bone pain]]<br />
*[[Hearing impairment causes#Causes by Organ System|Hearing impairment]]<br />
*[[Purpura causes#Causes by Organ System|Purpura]]<br />
*[[Raynaud's phenomenon causes#Causes by Organ System|Raynaud's phenomenon]]<br />
*[[Peripheral arterial disease causes|Claudication/Peripheral arterial disease]]<br />
*[[Facial pain]]<br />
*[[Pericardial constriction causes|Constrictive pericarditis]]<br />
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]<br />
*[[Chronic pelvic pain]]<br />
*[[Fatty liver]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
5. Created and edited '''microchapters''' for numerous pages.</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Central_obesity&diff=867791
Central obesity
2013-04-08T17:02:22Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |<br />
Name = Central obesity |<br />
Image = Central Obesity 008.jpg|<br />
Caption = Central obesity |<br />
ICD10 = E66 |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|278}} |<br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Central obesity''' (or "apple-shaped" or "masculine" [[obesity]]) occurs when the main deposits of [[adipose tissue|body fat]] are localized around the [[abdomen]] and the upper body. '''Central obesity''' is correlated with [[visceral fat]].<br />
<br />
==Associations==<br />
<br />
'''Central obesity''' is common in [[polycystic ovary syndrome]] (PCOS) and [[metabolic syndrome]], and it is associated with a statistically higher risk of [[heart disease]], [[hypertension]], [[insulin resistance]], and [[diabetes mellitus type 2]].<br />
<br />
'''Central obesity''' can also be a feature of [[lipodystrophy|lipodystrophies]], a group of diseases which is either [[genetic disorder|inherited]], or due to secondary causes (often [[protease inhibitor (pharmacology)|protease inhibitor]]s, a group of [[medication]]s against [[AIDS]]). Central obesity is one of the primary symptoms of [[Cushing's syndrome]].<br />
<br />
There is little scientific evidence that [[beer]] drinkers are more prone to abdominal obesity, despite it being known colloquially as '''beer belly''', '''beer gut''', or '''pot belly'''.<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
<br />
'''Central obesity''' is diagnosed by measuring the [[waist-hip ratio]]. When this exceeds 1.0 in men or 0.9 in women, central obesity can be diagnosed.<br />
<br />
== Therapy ==<br />
<br />
[[Weight loss]] is the main intervention against '''central obesity''' when this is considered disfiguring or when it puts one at a risk for the above mentioned diseases. Adjunctive therapies are the use of [[orlistat]] or [[sibutramine]]. <br />
<br />
In the presence of [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes mellitus type 2]], the physician might prefer to prescribe [[metformin]] and [[thiazolidinedione]]s ([[rosiglitazone]] or [[pioglitazone]]) as [[anti-diabetic drug]]s rather than [[sulfonylurea]] derivatives.<br />
<br />
==Love Handles==<br />
{{main|Love handles}}<br />
'''"Love handles"''' is a colloquial or slang term for a layer of [[adipose tissue|fat]] that is deposited around a person's midsection, especially visible on the sides over the [[abdominal external oblique muscle]]. They are called "love handles" because they provide a soft place to rest one's hand while one's arm is around a person, or perhaps because they can serve as places to hold on while in the throes of passion. <br />
<br />
Love handles are more common in men than women, as the midsection is one of the first regions where fat is stored in the male body. (Women tend to accumulate fat around the hips and thighs). Love handles generally become more pronounced as a person ages and approaches [[middle age]], due to a lower activity level. <br />
<br />
Both men and women tend to be image-conscious regarding love handles, sometimes leading to a negative [[body image]]. While many products are marketed for eliminating love handles, it is generally agreed that spot reduction is impossible, and that the best way to reduce them is to lose fat by being more active (through activities such as [[cardiovascular exercise]] and [[weight training]]) and consuming fewer [[calories]]. <br />
<br />
Love handles are also colloquially called a '''spare tire''' due to the enlarged tire-like shape around the midsection<br />
<br />
== Related Chapters ==<br />
* [[Obesity]]<br />
* [[Ascites]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ar:كرش]]<br />
[[de:Bierbauch]]<br />
[[nl:Bierbuik]]<br />
[[fi:Kaljamaha]]<br />
[[sv:Ölmage]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Obesity]]<br />
[[Category:Medical signs]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
<br />
[[pl:Otyłość brzuszna]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Bronchiolitis_causes&diff=867622
Bronchiolitis causes
2013-04-08T14:08:20Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
{{Bronchiolitis}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 - 6 months. It is a common, and sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include:<br />
<br />
*[[Adenovirus]]<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
*[[Parainfluenza]]<br />
<br />
The virus is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with nasal fluids, or by airborne droplets. Although RSV generally causes only mild symptoms in an adult, it can cause severe illness in an infant.<br />
<br />
Bronchiolitis is seasonal and appears more often in the fall and winter months. It is a very common reason for infants to be hospitalized during winter and early spring. It is estimated that by their first year, more than half of all infants have been exposed to RSV.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Paraquat]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenovirus]], [[Chlamydial pneumonia]], [[Coronavirus]], [[Human bocavirus]], [[Human metapneumovirus]], [[Influenza]], [[Parainfluenza]], [[Respiratory syncytial virus]], [[Rhinovirus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Adenovirus]]<br />
*[[Chlamydial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Coronavirus]]<br />
*[[Human bocavirus]]<br />
*[[Human metapneumovirus]]<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
*[[Parainfluenza]]<br />
*[[Paraquat]]<br />
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viral diseases]]<br />
[[Category:Inflammations]]<br />
[[Category:Pediatrics]]<br />
[[Category:Pulmonology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Bronchiolitis_causes&diff=867619
Bronchiolitis causes
2013-04-08T14:06:31Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
{{Bronchiolitis}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 - 6 months. It is a common, and sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include:<br />
<br />
*[[Adenovirus]]<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
*[[Parainfluenza]]<br />
<br />
The virus is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with nasal fluids, or by airborne droplets. Although RSV generally causes only mild symptoms in an adult, it can cause severe illness in an infant.<br />
<br />
Bronchiolitis is seasonal and appears more often in the fall and winter months. It is a very common reason for infants to be hospitalized during winter and early spring. It is estimated that by their first year, more than half of all infants have been exposed to RSV.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Adenovirus]]<br />
*[[Chlamydial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Coronavirus]]<br />
*[[Human bocavirus]]<br />
*[[Human metapneumovirus]]<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
*[[Parainfluenza]]<br />
*[[Paraquat]]<br />
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viral diseases]]<br />
[[Category:Inflammations]]<br />
[[Category:Pediatrics]]<br />
[[Category:Pulmonology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Bronchiolitis_causes&diff=867618
Bronchiolitis causes
2013-04-08T14:05:22Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
{{Bronchiolitis}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 - 6 months. It is a common, and sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include:<br />
<br />
*[[Adenovirus]]<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
*[[Parainfluenza]]<br />
<br />
The virus is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with nasal fluids, or by airborne droplets. Although RSV generally causes only mild symptoms in an adult, it can cause severe illness in an infant.<br />
<br />
Bronchiolitis is seasonal and appears more often in the fall and winter months. It is a very common reason for infants to be hospitalized during winter and early spring. It is estimated that by their first year, more than half of all infants have been exposed to RSV.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[Adenovirus]]<br />
*[[Chlamydial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Coronavirus]]<br />
*[[Human bocavirus]]<br />
*[[Human metapneumovirus]]<br />
*[[Influenza]]<br />
*[[Parainfluenza]]<br />
*[[Paraquat]]<br />
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]<br />
*[[Rhinovirus]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viral diseases]]<br />
[[Category:Inflammations]]<br />
[[Category:Pediatrics]]<br />
[[Category:Pulmonology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Completed_signs_and_symptoms&diff=867248
Completed signs and symptoms
2013-04-04T18:56:02Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{col-begin}} {{ col-break}}<br />
* [[Abnormal posturing]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Abdominal angina]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal bruit]] Jacob Keane-Candib(JKC)<br />
* [[Abdominal distension]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal guarding]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Abdominal mass]] John Fani Srour (JFS)<br />
* [[Abdominal pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Accommodative insufficiency]] (BMB)<br />
* [[Acid indigestion]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Acne]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Acute bronchitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Acute liver failure]] Prashanth <br />
* [[Acute pancreatitis]] Prashanth <br />
* [[Airway obstruction]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
*[[Amaurosis fugax]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Amenorrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Amnesia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Anasarca]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Anhedonia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Anorexia (symptom)]]<br />
* [[Anosmia]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Anxiety]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Aphasia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Arthralgia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Ascites]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Aura (symptom)]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Azotemia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Back pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Beau's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Bitemporal hemianopia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Blister]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Blurred vision]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Bone pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bradycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Bronchospasm]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bumps on skin]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Carcinoembryonic antigen]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cardiomegaly]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cardiomyopathy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Cervicitis]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Cholecystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cholestasis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Chronic pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Chronic pelvic pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cirrhosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Claudication]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Clinical depression]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Clubbing]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Colitis]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Coma]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Confusion]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Conjunctivitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Constipation]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cor pulmonale]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cough]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cramp]] Prashanth<br />
* [[CRP]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Cyanosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dactylitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Delusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dementia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Diabetes insipidus]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Diarrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Drug-induced hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dry mouth]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Dry skin]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Dysphonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dyspnea]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Easy bruising]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Encephalopathy]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Eosinophilia]] Lakshmi<br />
* [[Epilepsy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Epistaxis]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Exophthalmos]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Exsanguination]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Eye pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Facial pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Fatigue]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fatty liver]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Fever]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fever of unknown origin]] Naresh<br />
* [[Flushing]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Gallstone disease]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Genital ulcer]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Growth failure]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Halitosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hallucination]] Aiham<br />
* [[Headache]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hematemesis]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Hemoptysis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hearing impairment]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperactivity]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
* [[Hypercalciuria]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypernatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperkalemia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypertension]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypochloremia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hypoglycemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypokalemia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hypotension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperlipidemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyponatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypotonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Inattention]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Increased bowel sounds]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Jaundice]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Jaw pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Joint pain]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Leg pain]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Leg swelling]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Mental disorders]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Metabolic acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Metabolic alkalosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Mitral regurgitation]]<br />
* [[Mitral stenosis]]<br />
* [[Mouth sores]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Muehrcke's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Muscle weakness]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Nausea]] & [[Vomiting]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Night sweats]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Obesity]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Odynophagia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]] Kalsang Dolma<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Otalgia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Pain]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Palpitation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Paranoia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Paroxysmal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pedal edema]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Peptic ulcer]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericardial constriction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericardial effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericarditis]] Varun<br />
* [[Pleural effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pneumothorax]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Polydipsia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Portal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature atrial contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature ventricular contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Psoriatic Arthritis]] DRO<br />
* [[Purpura]] Prashanth<br />
* [[QT prolongation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rash]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Raynaud's phenomenon]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rectal bleeding]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Red Tongue]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Reduced FEV1]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Respiratory acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Respiratory failure]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sinus bradycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Sore throat]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sudden death]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Synovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tachycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tenosynovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tongue pain]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Tracheal compression]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Trousseau sign of malignancy]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[T wave inversion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urinary hesitancy]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urine odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Unconsciousness]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Uveitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vaginal discharge]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Vaginal odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Vasculitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Ventricular tachycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vertigo]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Weight loss]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Weight gain]] Prashanth<br />
|}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Prashanthsaddala&diff=867247
User:Prashanthsaddala
2013-04-04T18:55:04Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Major Contributions to WikiDoc */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
==Current position (May 2012 to Present) ==<br />
<br />
*'''Research Fellow''' at [http://www.perfuse.org/ '''PERFUSE Study Group'''], Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.<br />
*'''Deputy Editor-In-Chief''' for WikiDoc.org<br />
*'''Certified Quantitative Coronary Angiographer''' at [http://www.perfuse.org/ '''PERFUSE Study Group'''], Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.<br />
<br />
== Major Contributions to WikiDoc ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Assosciate Editor-in-Chief''' for numerous '''WikiDoc pages'''.<br />
<br />
2. Created and edited numerous '''WikiPatient pages'''.<br />
<br />
3. Uploaded '''1500+ radiology images''' and placed them at appropriate microchapters and subheadings of respective WikiDoc pages.<br />
<br />
4. As part of the [http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Differential_diagnosis_project '''Differential diagnosis project'''], developed a complete list of causes of the following:<br />
<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute pancreatitis causes|Acute pancreatitis]]<br />
*[[Gallstone disease causes|Gallstone disease]]<br />
*[[Cholestasis causes|Cholestasis]]<br />
*[[Conjunctivitis causes|Conjunctivitis]]<br />
*[[Dysphonia#Causes|Dysphonia]]<br />
*[[Exsanguination#Causes|Exsanguination]]<br />
*[[Hypernatremia causes|Hypernatremia]]<br />
*[[Hyponatremia causes|Hyponatremia]]<br />
*[[Premature ventricular contraction#Causes|Premature ventricular contraction]]<br />
*[[Premature atrial contraction#Causes|Premature atrial contraction]]<br />
*[[Palpitation#Causes|Palpitation]]<br />
*[[Sinus bradycardia#Causes|Sinus bradycardia]]<br />
*[[Ventricular tachycardia causes|Ventricular tachycardia]]<br />
*[[Hypotension causes|Hypotension]]<br />
*[[T wave inversion#Causes by Organ System|T wave inversion]]<br />
*[[Atrioventricular block causes#Causes by Organ System|Atrioventricular block]]<br />
*[[Hyperlipidemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Pneumothorax causes#Causes by Organ System|Pneumothorax]]<br />
*[[Pleural effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pleural effusion]]<br />
*[[Delusion#Causes by Organ System|Delusion]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hypoglycemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hypoglycemia]]<br />
*[[Uveitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Uveitis]]<br />
*[[Cyanosis causes|Cyanosis]]<br />
*[[Cystitis causes|Cystitis]]<br />
*[[Cramp]]<br />
*[[Cholecystitis causes|Cholecystitis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes insipidus causes|Diabetes insipidus]]<br />
*[[Blister]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Hypotonia#Causes|Hypotonia]]<br />
*[[Inattention#Causes|Inattention]]<br />
*[[Jaundice causes|Jaundice]]<br />
*[[Paroxysmal hypertension#Causes|Paroxysmal hypertension]]<br />
*[[Peptic ulcer causes|Peptic ulcer]]<br />
*[[Urinary hesitancy#Causes|Urinary hesitancy]]<br />
*[[Unconsciousness#Causes|Unconsciousness]]<br />
*[[Weight gain causes|Weight gain]]<br />
*[[QT prolongation#Causes by Organ System|QT prolongation]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis#Causes|Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Respiratory acidosis#Causes|Respiratory acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metabolic alkalosis#Causes|Metabolic alkalosis]]<br />
*[[Cardiomegaly causes|Cardiomegaly]]<br />
*[[Portal hypertension#Causes by Organ System|Portal Hypertension]]<br />
*[[Tracheal compression#Causes|Tracheal compression]]<br />
*[[Flushing#Causes|Flushing]]<br />
*[[Acute liver failure causes#Causes by Organ System|Acute liver failure]]<br />
*[[Hemoptysis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hemoptysis]]<br />
*[[Pericardial effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pericardial effusion]]<br />
*[[Bone pain#Causes by Organ System|Bone pain]]<br />
*[[Hearing impairment causes#Causes by Organ System|Hearing impairment]]<br />
*[[Purpura causes#Causes by Organ System|Purpura]]<br />
*[[Raynaud's phenomenon causes#Causes by Organ System|Raynaud's phenomenon]]<br />
*[[Peripheral arterial disease causes|Claudication/Peripheral arterial disease]]<br />
*[[Facial pain]]<br />
*[[Pericardial constriction causes|Constrictive pericarditis]]<br />
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]<br />
*[[Chronic pelvic pain]]<br />
*[[Fatty liver]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
5. Created and edited '''microchapters''' for numerous pages.</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Blister&diff=867242
Blister
2013-04-04T18:48:17Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = Blister <br />
| Image = Blister.jpg<br />
| Caption = A blister caused by 2nd degree burns<br />
| DiseasesDB = 1777<br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|T|14|0|t|08}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|910}}-{{ICD9|914}}, {{ICD9|940.0}}-{{ICD9|949.5}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = 003239<br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = D001768<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin. Blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected). However, most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum. Serum is the part of the blood that remains after red blood cells and clotting agents have been removed.<br />
<br />
A blister usually forms because the outer layer of the skin has become damaged. Fluid collects under the damaged layer of skin, cushioning the tissue underneath, protecting it from further damage and allowing it to heal.<br />
<br />
A blood-blister usually forms when a small blood vessel close to the surface of the skin ruptures (breaks) and blood leaks into a tear between the layers of skin. This can happen if the skin is crushed, pinched or squeezed very tightly.<br />
<br />
Blisters can also form as the result of certain medical conditions.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
<br />
Blisters are usually caused by injury to the skin from heat (for example from sunburn or a scald) or from friction.<br />
<br />
Friction or heat on the skin can create a tear between the upper layer of the skin (the epidermis) and the layers beneath. When this happens the surface of the skin remains intact, but is pushed outwards as serum seeps into the newly created space between the layers.<br />
<br />
Any rubbing of the skin can cause a blister if it is continued for long enough. Short periods of intense rubbing can also cause a blister. Blisters are most common on the hands and feet, as these parts of your body may rub against shoes or handheld equipment. Blisters form more easily on moist skin than on dry or soaked skin, and are more common in warm conditions.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, the skin can blister when it comes into contact with a cosmetic, detergent, solvent or other chemical. This is known as contact dermatitis. Blisters can also develop as a result of an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting.<br />
<br />
There are a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are:<br />
* chickenpox,<br />
* herpes,<br />
* impetigo, and,<br />
* a form of eczema called pompholyx.<br />
<br />
Other, much rarer conditions that cause blisters include:<br />
<br />
* Bullous pemphigoid - a skin disease that causes large, tightly-filled blisters to develop. The disease usually affects people over the age of 60.<br />
* Pemphigus - a serious skin disease in which blisters develop if pressure is applied to the skin. The blisters burst easily, leaving raw areas that can become infected.<br />
* Dermatitis herpetiformis - a skin disease that causes intensely itchy blisters, usually on the elbows, knees, back and buttocks. The blisters usually develop in patches of the same shape and size on both sides of the body.<br />
* Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood - a disease that causes clusters of blisters on the face, mouth or genitals.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dibromoethane]], [[Mustard gas]], [[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acropustulosis of infancy]], [[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]], [[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]], [[Chronic bullous dermatosis]], [[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]], [[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]], [[Erythema multiforme]], [[Hydroa vacciniforme]], [[Impetigo]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Intraepidermal blistering]], [[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]], [[Miliaria]], [[Miliaria rubra]], [[Pemphigoid gestationis]], [[Pemphigus vulgaris]], [[Phytophotodermatitis]], [[Pompholyx]], [[Purpura fulminans]], [[Sudamina]], [[Sweet syndrome]], [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]], [[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]], [[Tylosis]], [[Wells syndrome]], [[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[Pachyonychia congenita]], [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]], [[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]], [[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]], [[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]], [[Cicatricial pemphigoid]], [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[Duhring's disease]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]], [[Linear IgA disease]], [[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]], [[Pemphigoid]], [[Pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Phlegmasia alba dolens]], [[Pustular psoriasis]], [[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Captopril]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Cilazapril]], [[Dapsone]], [[Fixed drug eruption]], [[Frusemide]], [[Furosemide]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Ketoprofen]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Penicillin]], [[Rasagiline]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Sulfonamides]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Vancomycin]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]], [[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]], [[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Goldscheider disease]], [[Hailey-Hailey disease]], [[Hailey-Hailey disease]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[Pachyonychia congenita]], [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]], [[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]], [[Variegate porphyria]], [[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]], [[Pseudoporphyria]], [[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bubonic plague flea bite site]], [[Bullous tinea pedis]], [[Candidiasis]], [[Chickenpox]], [[Congenital syphilis]], [[Cowpox]], [[Dermatophytosis]], [[Erysipelas]], [[Gas gangrene]], [[Herpes simplex]], [[Herpes virus 2]], [[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]], [[Orf]], [[Rickettsia akari]], [[Sarcoptes scabiei]], [[Scabies]], [[Shingles]], [[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]], [[Varicella-zoster virus]], [[Impetigo]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]], [[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sucking blisters]], [[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastocytosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet disease]], [[Cicatricial pemphigoid]], [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[Duhring's disease]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]], [[Lepidopterism]], [[Linear IgA disease]], [[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]], [[Pemphigoid]], [[Pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Phlegmasia alba dolens]], [[Pustular psoriasis]], [[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]], [[Urticaria]], [[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bullous arthropod bite ]], [[Burns]], [[Coma blisters]], [[Electrocution]], [[Friction blister]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bed bugs]], [[Crushing]], [[Edema blisters]], [[Extreme temperatures]], [[Frost bite]], [[Pinching]], [[Sunburn]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[ACE inhibitors]]<br />
*[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]<br />
*[[Acropustulosis of infancy]]<br />
*[[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bed bugs]]<br />
*[[Behcet disease]]<br />
*[[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Bubonic plague flea bite site]]<br />
*[[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
*[[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
*[[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]]<br />
*[[Bullous tinea pedis]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Candidiasis]]<br />
*[[Captopril]]<br />
*[[Cephalosporins]]<br />
*[[Chickenpox]]<br />
*[[Chronic bullous dermatosis]]<br />
*[[Cicatricial pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Cilazapril]]<br />
*[[Coma blisters]]<br />
*[[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
*[[Congenital syphilis]]<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
*[[Crushing]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dapsone]]<br />
*[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<br />
*[[Dermatophytosis]]<br />
*[[Dibromoethane]]<br />
*[[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Duhring's disease]]<br />
*[[Edema blisters]]<br />
*[[Electrocution]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
*[[Erythema multiforme]]<br />
*[[Extreme temperatures]]<br />
*[[Fixed drug eruption]]<br />
*[[Friction blister]]<br />
*[[Frost bite]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Furosemide]]<br />
*[[Gas gangrene]]<br />
*[[Goldscheider disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
*[[Herpes virus 2]]<br />
*[[Hydroa vacciniforme]]<br />
*[[Ibuprofen]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Impetigo]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Intraepidermal blistering]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]]<br />
*[[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]]<br />
*[[Ketoprofen]]<br />
*[[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Lepidopterism]]<br />
*[[Linear IgA disease]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mefenamic acid]]<br />
*[[Miliaria]]<br />
*[[Miliaria rubra]]<br />
*[[Mustard gas]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orf]]<br />
*[[Pachyonychia congenita]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<br />
*[[Penicillamine]]<br />
*[[Penicillin]]<br />
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]<br />
*[[Phytophotodermatitis]]<br />
*[[Pinching]]<br />
*[[Pompholyx]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]]<br />
*[[Pseudoporphyria]]<br />
*[[Purpura fulminans]]<br />
*[[Pustular psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
*[[Rasagiline]]<br />
*[[Rickettsia akari]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]<br />
*[[Scabies]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]]<br />
*[[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sucking blisters]]<br />
*[[Sudamina]]<br />
*[[Sulfonamides]]<br />
*[[Sunburn]]<br />
*[[Sweet syndrome]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
*[[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]]<br />
*[[Tylosis]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Urticaria]]<br />
*[[Vancomycin]]<br />
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]<br />
*[[Variegate porphyria]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==Prevention==<br />
<br />
You can prevent blisters on your feet by wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes and clean socks that you change daily. Blisters are more likely to develop on skin that is moist, so if you have particularly sweaty feet you may find wearing moisture-absorbing socks or changing your socks twice a day, necessary to prevent blisters. If you are exercising or playing sport, special sports socks can help keep your feet drier and reduce the chance of a blister.<br />
<br />
Before going for a long walk, make sure that the shoes you are planning to wear have been broken in. If you do become aware of a hot area on your foot when walking, exercising or playing sport, stop immediately and tape some padding over the area.<br />
<br />
To avoid blisters on your hands, wear work gloves when using tools such as a shovel or pickaxe, and when doing manual work such as gardening. You should also wear gloves when handling detergents, cleaning products, solvents and other chemicals.<br />
<br />
To avoid friction to make a tear between the upper skin layer and the layers beneath one has to prevent friction forces being transmitted to the upper skin. This can be attained with a [[lubricant]], typically [[talcum powder]]. Wearing gloves with talcum powder inside makes hands almost immune to blisters. The same goes for feet in shoes with talcum powder inside. <br />
<br />
You should use sunscreen and cover up during the hottest part of the day to avoid blisters from sunburn. Moisturising, after-sun or calamine lotions can help to ease the discomfort if you do get burnt.<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Most blisters heal naturally and do not require medical attention. As new skin grows beneath the blister, the fluid contained within it will be slowly reabsorbed by your body and the skin on top will dry and peel off.<br />
<br />
The unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to infection. This means that you should try to keep blisters intact and unbroken in order to avoid infection. Try not to pierce a blister with a needle, but allow it to break on its own once the skin underneath has healed. If the blister is in a place (such as a hand or foot) that makes it extra painful, follow these steps:<br /><br />
1. Wash your hands and the blister with soap and water, and stearalize the blister with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
2. Steralize a pin with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
3. Make small pinpricks on the edge of the blister and drain the fluid through these.<br /><br />
4. Cover the blister with first-aid ointment and a sterile bandage.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-blisters/WL00008</ref><br />
<br />
Cover small blisters with a plaster (adhesive dressing). Larger blisters should be covered with a gauze pad or dressing that you can then tape in place. If you have a blister in a position that is causing you pain or that makes it likely to burst (such as on the sole of your foot), its important to cover it with a soft dressing to pad and protect it. Then change the dressing daily.<br />
<br />
If a blister bursts, don't peel off the dead skin on top of the blister. Gently press the area to get rid of all the fluid inside, and then cover the blister and the area around it with a dry, sterile dressing to protect it from infection until it heals.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters should also be left to heal naturally. As with other blisters, if a blood blister bursts it is important to keep the area clean and dry, and protect it with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters are often painful, and you may wish to apply an ice pack to the area immediately after the injury that caused it. You should apply the ice pack for between 10 and 30 minutes. The ice should not touch your skin directly as this may cause a cold burn, so place a towel over the injured part first. <br />
<br />
Even when popped as described above, a blister can become infected, Staph aureus infections being most common. Blisters that have become infected can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by your GP. Blisters caused by a medical condition are treated by treating the underlying condition.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Dracunculiasis]]<br />
*[[Herpangina]]<br />
*[[Herpes zoster]]<br />
*[[Ulcer]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.treatblisters.com Blisters information]<br />
<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
<br />
{{Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br><br />
[[ay:Pullullu]]<br />
[[de:Bulla (Dermatologie)]]<br />
[[es:Ampolla (piel)]]<br />
[[eo:Haŭtveziko]]<br />
[[fr:Phlyctène]]<br />
[[lb:Bloder]]<br />
[[nl:Blaar]]<br />
[[ja:水疱]]<br />
[[no:Vannblemme]]<br />
[[pl:Pęcherz]]<br />
[[fi:Rakkula]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
{{jb1}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Blister&diff=867241
Blister
2013-04-04T18:47:09Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = Blister <br />
| Image = Blister.jpg<br />
| Caption = A blister caused by 2nd degree burns<br />
| DiseasesDB = 1777<br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|T|14|0|t|08}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|910}}-{{ICD9|914}}, {{ICD9|940.0}}-{{ICD9|949.5}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = 003239<br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = D001768<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin. Blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected). However, most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum. Serum is the part of the blood that remains after red blood cells and clotting agents have been removed.<br />
<br />
A blister usually forms because the outer layer of the skin has become damaged. Fluid collects under the damaged layer of skin, cushioning the tissue underneath, protecting it from further damage and allowing it to heal.<br />
<br />
A blood-blister usually forms when a small blood vessel close to the surface of the skin ruptures (breaks) and blood leaks into a tear between the layers of skin. This can happen if the skin is crushed, pinched or squeezed very tightly.<br />
<br />
Blisters can also form as the result of certain medical conditions.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
<br />
Blisters are usually caused by injury to the skin from heat (for example from sunburn or a scald) or from friction.<br />
<br />
Friction or heat on the skin can create a tear between the upper layer of the skin (the epidermis) and the layers beneath. When this happens the surface of the skin remains intact, but is pushed outwards as serum seeps into the newly created space between the layers.<br />
<br />
Any rubbing of the skin can cause a blister if it is continued for long enough. Short periods of intense rubbing can also cause a blister. Blisters are most common on the hands and feet, as these parts of your body may rub against shoes or handheld equipment. Blisters form more easily on moist skin than on dry or soaked skin, and are more common in warm conditions.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, the skin can blister when it comes into contact with a cosmetic, detergent, solvent or other chemical. This is known as contact dermatitis. Blisters can also develop as a result of an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting.<br />
<br />
There are a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are:<br />
* chickenpox,<br />
* herpes,<br />
* impetigo, and,<br />
* a form of eczema called pompholyx.<br />
<br />
Other, much rarer conditions that cause blisters include:<br />
<br />
* Bullous pemphigoid - a skin disease that causes large, tightly-filled blisters to develop. The disease usually affects people over the age of 60.<br />
* Pemphigus - a serious skin disease in which blisters develop if pressure is applied to the skin. The blisters burst easily, leaving raw areas that can become infected.<br />
* Dermatitis herpetiformis - a skin disease that causes intensely itchy blisters, usually on the elbows, knees, back and buttocks. The blisters usually develop in patches of the same shape and size on both sides of the body.<br />
* Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood - a disease that causes clusters of blisters on the face, mouth or genitals.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dibromoethane]], [[Mustard gas]], [[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acropustulosis of infancy]], [[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]], [[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]], [[Chronic bullous dermatosis]], [[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]], [[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]], [[Erythema multiforme]], [[Hydroa vacciniforme]], [[Impetigo]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Intraepidermal blistering]], [[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]], [[Miliaria]], [[Miliaria rubra]], [[Pemphigoid gestationis]], [[Pemphigus vulgaris]], [[Phytophotodermatitis]], [[Pompholyx]], [[Purpura fulminans]], [[Sudamina]], [[Sweet syndrome]], [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]], [[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]], [[Tylosis]], [[Wells syndrome]], [[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[Pachyonychia congenita]], [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]], [[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]], [[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]], [[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]], [[Cicatricial pemphigoid]], [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[Duhring's disease]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]], [[Linear IgA disease]], [[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]], [[Pemphigoid]], [[Pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Phlegmasia alba dolens]], [[Pustular psoriasis]], [[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Captopril]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Cilazapril]], [[Dapsone]], [[Fixed drug eruption]], [[Frusemide]], [[Furosemide]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Ketoprofen]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Penicillin]], [[Rasagiline]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Sulfonamides]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Vancomycin]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]], [[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]], [[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Goldscheider disease]], [[Hailey-Hailey disease]], [[Hailey-Hailey disease]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[Pachyonychia congenita]], [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]], [[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]], [[Variegate porphyria]], [[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]], [[Pseudoporphyria]], [[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bubonic plague flea bite site]], [[Bullous tinea pedis]], [[Candidiasis]], [[Chickenpox]], [[Congenital syphilis]], [[Cowpox]], [[Dermatophytosis]], [[Erysipelas]], [[Gas gangrene]], [[Herpes simplex]], [[Herpes virus 2]], [[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]], [[Orf]], [[Rickettsia akari]], [[Sarcoptes scabiei]], [[Scabies]], [[Shingles]], [[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]], [[Varicella-zoster virus]], [[Impetigo]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]], [[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sucking blisters]], [[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastocytosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet disease]], [[Cicatricial pemphigoid]], [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[Duhring's disease]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]], [[Lepidopterism]], [[Linear IgA disease]], [[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]], [[Pemphigoid]], [[Pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Phlegmasia alba dolens]], [[Pustular psoriasis]], [[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]], [[Urticaria]], [[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bullous arthropod bite ]], [[Burns]], [[Coma blisters]], [[Electrocution]], [[Friction blister]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bed bugs]], [[Crushing]], [[Edema blisters]], [[Extreme temperatures]], [[Frost bite]], [[Pinching]], [[Sunburn]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[ACE inhibitors]]<br />
*[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]<br />
*[[Acropustulosis of infancy]]<br />
*[[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bed bugs]]<br />
*[[Behcet disease]]<br />
*[[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Bubonic plague flea bite site]]<br />
*[[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
*[[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
*[[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]]<br />
*[[Bullous tinea pedis]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Candidiasis]]<br />
*[[Captopril]]<br />
*[[Cephalosporins]]<br />
*[[Chickenpox]]<br />
*[[Chronic bullous dermatosis]]<br />
*[[Cicatricial pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Cilazapril]]<br />
*[[Coma blisters]]<br />
*[[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
*[[Congenital syphilis]]<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
*[[Crushing]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dapsone]]<br />
*[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<br />
*[[Dermatophytosis]]<br />
*[[Dibromoethane]]<br />
*[[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Duhring's disease]]<br />
*[[Edema blisters]]<br />
*[[Electrocution]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
*[[Erythema multiforme]]<br />
*[[Extreme temperatures]]<br />
*[[Fixed drug eruption]]<br />
*[[Friction blister]]<br />
*[[Frost bite]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Furosemide]]<br />
*[[Gas gangrene]]<br />
*[[Goldscheider disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
*[[Herpes virus 2]]<br />
*[[Hydroa vacciniforme]]<br />
*[[Ibuprofen]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Impetigo]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Intraepidermal blistering]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]]<br />
*[[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]]<br />
*[[Ketoprofen]]<br />
*[[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Lepidopterism]]<br />
*[[Linear IgA disease]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mefenamic acid]]<br />
*[[Miliaria]]<br />
*[[Miliaria rubra]]<br />
*[[Mustard gas]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orf]]<br />
*[[Pachyonychia congenita]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<br />
*[[Penicillamine]]<br />
*[[Penicillin]]<br />
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]<br />
*[[Phytophotodermatitis]]<br />
*[[Pinching]]<br />
*[[Pompholyx]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]]<br />
*[[Pseudoporphyria]]<br />
*[[Purpura fulminans]]<br />
*[[Pustular psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
*[[Rasagiline]]<br />
*[[Rickettsia akari]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]<br />
*[[Scabies]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]]<br />
*[[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sucking blisters]]<br />
*[[Sudamina]]<br />
*[[Sulfonamides]]<br />
*[[Sunburn]]<br />
*[[Sweet syndrome]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
*[[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]]<br />
*[[Tylosis]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Urticaria]]<br />
*[[Vancomycin]]<br />
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]<br />
*[[Variegate porphyria]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==Prevention==<br />
<br />
You can prevent blisters on your feet by wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes and clean socks that you change daily. Blisters are more likely to develop on skin that is moist, so if you have particularly sweaty feet you may find wearing moisture-absorbing socks or changing your socks twice a day, necessary to prevent blisters. If you are exercising or playing sport, special sports socks can help keep your feet drier and reduce the chance of a blister.<br />
<br />
Before going for a long walk, make sure that the shoes you are planning to wear have been broken in. If you do become aware of a hot area on your foot when walking, exercising or playing sport, stop immediately and tape some padding over the area.<br />
<br />
To avoid blisters on your hands, wear work gloves when using tools such as a shovel or pickaxe, and when doing manual work such as gardening. You should also wear gloves when handling detergents, cleaning products, solvents and other chemicals.<br />
<br />
To avoid friction to make a tear between the upper skin layer and the layers beneath one has to prevent friction forces being transmitted to the upper skin. This can be attained with a [[lubricant]], typically [[talcum powder]]. Wearing gloves with talcum powder inside makes hands almost immune to blisters. The same goes for feet in shoes with talcum powder inside. <br />
<br />
You should use sunscreen and cover up during the hottest part of the day to avoid blisters from sunburn. Moisturising, after-sun or calamine lotions can help to ease the discomfort if you do get burnt.<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Most blisters heal naturally and do not require medical attention. As new skin grows beneath the blister, the fluid contained within it will be slowly reabsorbed by your body and the skin on top will dry and peel off.<br />
<br />
The unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to infection. This means that you should try to keep blisters intact and unbroken in order to avoid infection. Try not to pierce a blister with a needle, but allow it to break on its own once the skin underneath has healed. If the blister is in a place (such as a hand or foot) that makes it extra painful, follow these steps:<br /><br />
1. Wash your hands and the blister with soap and water, and stearalize the blister with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
2. Steralize a pin with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
3. Make small pinpricks on the edge of the blister and drain the fluid through these.<br /><br />
4. Cover the blister with first-aid ointment and a sterile bandage.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-blisters/WL00008</ref><br />
<br />
Cover small blisters with a plaster (adhesive dressing). Larger blisters should be covered with a gauze pad or dressing that you can then tape in place. If you have a blister in a position that is causing you pain or that makes it likely to burst (such as on the sole of your foot), its important to cover it with a soft dressing to pad and protect it. Then change the dressing daily.<br />
<br />
If a blister bursts, don't peel off the dead skin on top of the blister. Gently press the area to get rid of all the fluid inside, and then cover the blister and the area around it with a dry, sterile dressing to protect it from infection until it heals.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters should also be left to heal naturally. As with other blisters, if a blood blister bursts it is important to keep the area clean and dry, and protect it with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters are often painful, and you may wish to apply an ice pack to the area immediately after the injury that caused it. You should apply the ice pack for between 10 and 30 minutes. The ice should not touch your skin directly as this may cause a cold burn, so place a towel over the injured part first. <br />
<br />
Even when popped as described above, a blister can become infected, Staph aureus infections being most common. Blisters that have become infected can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by your GP. Blisters caused by a medical condition are treated by treating the underlying condition.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Dracunculiasis]]<br />
*[[Herpangina]]<br />
*[[Herpes zoster]]<br />
*[[Ulcer]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.treatblisters.com Blisters information]<br />
<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
<br />
{{Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br><br />
[[ay:Pullullu]]<br />
[[de:Bulla (Dermatologie)]]<br />
[[es:Ampolla (piel)]]<br />
[[eo:Haŭtveziko]]<br />
[[fr:Phlyctène]]<br />
[[lb:Bloder]]<br />
[[nl:Blaar]]<br />
[[ja:水疱]]<br />
[[no:Vannblemme]]<br />
[[pl:Pęcherz]]<br />
[[fi:Rakkula]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
{{jb1}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Blister&diff=867239
Blister
2013-04-04T18:41:25Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = Blister <br />
| Image = Blister.jpg<br />
| Caption = A blister caused by 2nd degree burns<br />
| DiseasesDB = 1777<br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|T|14|0|t|08}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|910}}-{{ICD9|914}}, {{ICD9|940.0}}-{{ICD9|949.5}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = 003239<br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = D001768<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin. Blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected). However, most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum. Serum is the part of the blood that remains after red blood cells and clotting agents have been removed.<br />
<br />
A blister usually forms because the outer layer of the skin has become damaged. Fluid collects under the damaged layer of skin, cushioning the tissue underneath, protecting it from further damage and allowing it to heal.<br />
<br />
A blood-blister usually forms when a small blood vessel close to the surface of the skin ruptures (breaks) and blood leaks into a tear between the layers of skin. This can happen if the skin is crushed, pinched or squeezed very tightly.<br />
<br />
Blisters can also form as the result of certain medical conditions.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
<br />
Blisters are usually caused by injury to the skin from heat (for example from sunburn or a scald) or from friction.<br />
<br />
Friction or heat on the skin can create a tear between the upper layer of the skin (the epidermis) and the layers beneath. When this happens the surface of the skin remains intact, but is pushed outwards as serum seeps into the newly created space between the layers.<br />
<br />
Any rubbing of the skin can cause a blister if it is continued for long enough. Short periods of intense rubbing can also cause a blister. Blisters are most common on the hands and feet, as these parts of your body may rub against shoes or handheld equipment. Blisters form more easily on moist skin than on dry or soaked skin, and are more common in warm conditions.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, the skin can blister when it comes into contact with a cosmetic, detergent, solvent or other chemical. This is known as contact dermatitis. Blisters can also develop as a result of an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting.<br />
<br />
There are a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are:<br />
* chickenpox,<br />
* herpes,<br />
* impetigo, and,<br />
* a form of eczema called pompholyx.<br />
<br />
Other, much rarer conditions that cause blisters include:<br />
<br />
* Bullous pemphigoid - a skin disease that causes large, tightly-filled blisters to develop. The disease usually affects people over the age of 60.<br />
* Pemphigus - a serious skin disease in which blisters develop if pressure is applied to the skin. The blisters burst easily, leaving raw areas that can become infected.<br />
* Dermatitis herpetiformis - a skin disease that causes intensely itchy blisters, usually on the elbows, knees, back and buttocks. The blisters usually develop in patches of the same shape and size on both sides of the body.<br />
* Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood - a disease that causes clusters of blisters on the face, mouth or genitals.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dibromoethane]], [[Mustard gas]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acropustulosis of infancy]], [[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]], [[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]], [[Chronic bullous dermatosis]], [[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]], [[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]], [[Erythema multiforme]], [[Hydroa vacciniforme]], [[Impetigo]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Intraepidermal blistering]], [[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]], [[Miliaria]], [[Miliaria rubra]], [[Pemphigoid gestationis]], [[Pemphigus vulgaris]], [[Phytophotodermatitis]], [[Pompholyx]], [[Purpura fulminans]], [[Sudamina]], [[Sweet syndrome]], [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]], [[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]], [[Tylosis]], [[Wells syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Captopril]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Cilazapril]], [[Dapsone]], [[Fixed drug eruption]], [[Frusemide]], [[Furosemide]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Ketoprofen]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Penicillin]], [[Rasagiline]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Sulfonamides]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Vancomycin]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]], [[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]], [[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Goldscheider disease]], [[Hailey-Hailey disease]], [[Hailey-Hailey disease]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[Pachyonychia congenita]], [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]], [[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]], [[Variegate porphyria]], [[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]], [[Pseudoporphyria]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bubonic plague flea bite site]], [[Bullous tinea pedis]], [[Candidiasis]], [[Chickenpox]], [[Congenital syphilis]], [[Cowpox]], [[Dermatophytosis]], [[Erysipelas]], [[Gas gangrene]], [[Herpes simplex]], [[Herpes virus 2]], [[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]], [[Orf]], [[Rickettsia akari]], [[Sarcoptes scabiei]], [[Scabies]], [[Shingles]], [[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]], [[Varicella-zoster virus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]], [[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sucking blisters]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastocytosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet disease]], [[Cicatricial pemphigoid]], [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[Duhring's disease]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]], [[Lepidopterism]], [[Linear IgA disease]], [[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]], [[Pemphigoid]], [[Pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Phlegmasia alba dolens]], [[Pustular psoriasis]], [[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]], [[Urticaria]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bullous arthropod bite ]], [[Burns]], [[Coma blisters]], [[Electrocution]], [[Friction blister]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bed bugs]], [[Crushing]], [[Edema blisters]], [[Extreme temperatures]], [[Frost bite]], [[Pinching]], [[Sunburn]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[ACE inhibitors]]<br />
*[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]<br />
*[[Acropustulosis of infancy]]<br />
*[[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bed bugs]]<br />
*[[Behcet disease]]<br />
*[[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Bubonic plague flea bite site]]<br />
*[[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
*[[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
*[[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]]<br />
*[[Bullous tinea pedis]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Candidiasis]]<br />
*[[Captopril]]<br />
*[[Cephalosporins]]<br />
*[[Chickenpox]]<br />
*[[Chronic bullous dermatosis]]<br />
*[[Cicatricial pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Cilazapril]]<br />
*[[Coma blisters]]<br />
*[[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
*[[Congenital syphilis]]<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
*[[Crushing]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dapsone]]<br />
*[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<br />
*[[Dermatophytosis]]<br />
*[[Dibromoethane]]<br />
*[[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Duhring's disease]]<br />
*[[Edema blisters]]<br />
*[[Electrocution]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
*[[Erythema multiforme]]<br />
*[[Extreme temperatures]]<br />
*[[Fixed drug eruption]]<br />
*[[Friction blister]]<br />
*[[Frost bite]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Furosemide]]<br />
*[[Gas gangrene]]<br />
*[[Goldscheider disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
*[[Herpes virus 2]]<br />
*[[Hydroa vacciniforme]]<br />
*[[Ibuprofen]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Impetigo]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Intraepidermal blistering]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]]<br />
*[[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]]<br />
*[[Ketoprofen]]<br />
*[[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Lepidopterism]]<br />
*[[Linear IgA disease]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mefenamic acid]]<br />
*[[Miliaria]]<br />
*[[Miliaria rubra]]<br />
*[[Mustard gas]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orf]]<br />
*[[Pachyonychia congenita]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<br />
*[[Penicillamine]]<br />
*[[Penicillin]]<br />
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]<br />
*[[Phytophotodermatitis]]<br />
*[[Pinching]]<br />
*[[Pompholyx]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]]<br />
*[[Pseudoporphyria]]<br />
*[[Purpura fulminans]]<br />
*[[Pustular psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
*[[Rasagiline]]<br />
*[[Rickettsia akari]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]<br />
*[[Scabies]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]]<br />
*[[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sucking blisters]]<br />
*[[Sudamina]]<br />
*[[Sulfonamides]]<br />
*[[Sunburn]]<br />
*[[Sweet syndrome]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
*[[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]]<br />
*[[Tylosis]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Urticaria]]<br />
*[[Vancomycin]]<br />
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]<br />
*[[Variegate porphyria]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==Prevention==<br />
<br />
You can prevent blisters on your feet by wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes and clean socks that you change daily. Blisters are more likely to develop on skin that is moist, so if you have particularly sweaty feet you may find wearing moisture-absorbing socks or changing your socks twice a day, necessary to prevent blisters. If you are exercising or playing sport, special sports socks can help keep your feet drier and reduce the chance of a blister.<br />
<br />
Before going for a long walk, make sure that the shoes you are planning to wear have been broken in. If you do become aware of a hot area on your foot when walking, exercising or playing sport, stop immediately and tape some padding over the area.<br />
<br />
To avoid blisters on your hands, wear work gloves when using tools such as a shovel or pickaxe, and when doing manual work such as gardening. You should also wear gloves when handling detergents, cleaning products, solvents and other chemicals.<br />
<br />
To avoid friction to make a tear between the upper skin layer and the layers beneath one has to prevent friction forces being transmitted to the upper skin. This can be attained with a [[lubricant]], typically [[talcum powder]]. Wearing gloves with talcum powder inside makes hands almost immune to blisters. The same goes for feet in shoes with talcum powder inside. <br />
<br />
You should use sunscreen and cover up during the hottest part of the day to avoid blisters from sunburn. Moisturising, after-sun or calamine lotions can help to ease the discomfort if you do get burnt.<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Most blisters heal naturally and do not require medical attention. As new skin grows beneath the blister, the fluid contained within it will be slowly reabsorbed by your body and the skin on top will dry and peel off.<br />
<br />
The unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to infection. This means that you should try to keep blisters intact and unbroken in order to avoid infection. Try not to pierce a blister with a needle, but allow it to break on its own once the skin underneath has healed. If the blister is in a place (such as a hand or foot) that makes it extra painful, follow these steps:<br /><br />
1. Wash your hands and the blister with soap and water, and stearalize the blister with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
2. Steralize a pin with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
3. Make small pinpricks on the edge of the blister and drain the fluid through these.<br /><br />
4. Cover the blister with first-aid ointment and a sterile bandage.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-blisters/WL00008</ref><br />
<br />
Cover small blisters with a plaster (adhesive dressing). Larger blisters should be covered with a gauze pad or dressing that you can then tape in place. If you have a blister in a position that is causing you pain or that makes it likely to burst (such as on the sole of your foot), its important to cover it with a soft dressing to pad and protect it. Then change the dressing daily.<br />
<br />
If a blister bursts, don't peel off the dead skin on top of the blister. Gently press the area to get rid of all the fluid inside, and then cover the blister and the area around it with a dry, sterile dressing to protect it from infection until it heals.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters should also be left to heal naturally. As with other blisters, if a blood blister bursts it is important to keep the area clean and dry, and protect it with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters are often painful, and you may wish to apply an ice pack to the area immediately after the injury that caused it. You should apply the ice pack for between 10 and 30 minutes. The ice should not touch your skin directly as this may cause a cold burn, so place a towel over the injured part first. <br />
<br />
Even when popped as described above, a blister can become infected, Staph aureus infections being most common. Blisters that have become infected can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by your GP. Blisters caused by a medical condition are treated by treating the underlying condition.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Dracunculiasis]]<br />
*[[Herpangina]]<br />
*[[Herpes zoster]]<br />
*[[Ulcer]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.treatblisters.com Blisters information]<br />
<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
<br />
{{Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br><br />
[[ay:Pullullu]]<br />
[[de:Bulla (Dermatologie)]]<br />
[[es:Ampolla (piel)]]<br />
[[eo:Haŭtveziko]]<br />
[[fr:Phlyctène]]<br />
[[lb:Bloder]]<br />
[[nl:Blaar]]<br />
[[ja:水疱]]<br />
[[no:Vannblemme]]<br />
[[pl:Pęcherz]]<br />
[[fi:Rakkula]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
{{jb1}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Blister&diff=867238
Blister
2013-04-04T18:32:49Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = Blister <br />
| Image = Blister.jpg<br />
| Caption = A blister caused by 2nd degree burns<br />
| DiseasesDB = 1777<br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|T|14|0|t|08}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|910}}-{{ICD9|914}}, {{ICD9|940.0}}-{{ICD9|949.5}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = 003239<br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = D001768<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin. Blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected). However, most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum. Serum is the part of the blood that remains after red blood cells and clotting agents have been removed.<br />
<br />
A blister usually forms because the outer layer of the skin has become damaged. Fluid collects under the damaged layer of skin, cushioning the tissue underneath, protecting it from further damage and allowing it to heal.<br />
<br />
A blood-blister usually forms when a small blood vessel close to the surface of the skin ruptures (breaks) and blood leaks into a tear between the layers of skin. This can happen if the skin is crushed, pinched or squeezed very tightly.<br />
<br />
Blisters can also form as the result of certain medical conditions.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
<br />
Blisters are usually caused by injury to the skin from heat (for example from sunburn or a scald) or from friction.<br />
<br />
Friction or heat on the skin can create a tear between the upper layer of the skin (the epidermis) and the layers beneath. When this happens the surface of the skin remains intact, but is pushed outwards as serum seeps into the newly created space between the layers.<br />
<br />
Any rubbing of the skin can cause a blister if it is continued for long enough. Short periods of intense rubbing can also cause a blister. Blisters are most common on the hands and feet, as these parts of your body may rub against shoes or handheld equipment. Blisters form more easily on moist skin than on dry or soaked skin, and are more common in warm conditions.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, the skin can blister when it comes into contact with a cosmetic, detergent, solvent or other chemical. This is known as contact dermatitis. Blisters can also develop as a result of an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting.<br />
<br />
There are a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are:<br />
* chickenpox,<br />
* herpes,<br />
* impetigo, and,<br />
* a form of eczema called pompholyx.<br />
<br />
Other, much rarer conditions that cause blisters include:<br />
<br />
* Bullous pemphigoid - a skin disease that causes large, tightly-filled blisters to develop. The disease usually affects people over the age of 60.<br />
* Pemphigus - a serious skin disease in which blisters develop if pressure is applied to the skin. The blisters burst easily, leaving raw areas that can become infected.<br />
* Dermatitis herpetiformis - a skin disease that causes intensely itchy blisters, usually on the elbows, knees, back and buttocks. The blisters usually develop in patches of the same shape and size on both sides of the body.<br />
* Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood - a disease that causes clusters of blisters on the face, mouth or genitals.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dibromoethane]], [[Mustard gas]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acropustulosis of infancy]], [[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]], [[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]], [[Chronic bullous dermatosis]], [[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]], [[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]], [[Erythema multiforme]], [[Hydroa vacciniforme]], [[Impetigo]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Intraepidermal blistering]], [[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]], [[Miliaria]], [[Miliaria rubra]], [[Pemphigoid gestationis]], [[Pemphigus vulgaris]], [[Phytophotodermatitis]], [[Pompholyx]], [[Purpura fulminans]], [[Sudamina]], [[Sweet syndrome]], [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]], [[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]], [[Tylosis]], [[Wells syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Captopril]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Cilazapril]], [[Dapsone]], [[Fixed drug eruption]], [[Frusemide]], [[Furosemide]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Ketoprofen]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Penicillin]], [[Rasagiline]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Sulfonamides]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Vancomycin]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[ACE inhibitors]]<br />
*[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]<br />
*[[Acropustulosis of infancy]]<br />
*[[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bed bugs]]<br />
*[[Behcet disease]]<br />
*[[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Bubonic plague flea bite site]]<br />
*[[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
*[[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
*[[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]]<br />
*[[Bullous tinea pedis]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Candidiasis]]<br />
*[[Captopril]]<br />
*[[Cephalosporins]]<br />
*[[Chickenpox]]<br />
*[[Chronic bullous dermatosis]]<br />
*[[Cicatricial pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Cilazapril]]<br />
*[[Coma blisters]]<br />
*[[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
*[[Congenital syphilis]]<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
*[[Crushing]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dapsone]]<br />
*[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<br />
*[[Dermatophytosis]]<br />
*[[Dibromoethane]]<br />
*[[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Duhring's disease]]<br />
*[[Edema blisters]]<br />
*[[Electrocution]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
*[[Erythema multiforme]]<br />
*[[Extreme temperatures]]<br />
*[[Fixed drug eruption]]<br />
*[[Friction blister]]<br />
*[[Frost bite]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Furosemide]]<br />
*[[Gas gangrene]]<br />
*[[Goldscheider disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
*[[Herpes virus 2]]<br />
*[[Hydroa vacciniforme]]<br />
*[[Ibuprofen]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Impetigo]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Intraepidermal blistering]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]]<br />
*[[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]]<br />
*[[Ketoprofen]]<br />
*[[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Lepidopterism]]<br />
*[[Linear IgA disease]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mefenamic acid]]<br />
*[[Miliaria]]<br />
*[[Miliaria rubra]]<br />
*[[Mustard gas]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orf]]<br />
*[[Pachyonychia congenita]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<br />
*[[Penicillamine]]<br />
*[[Penicillin]]<br />
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]<br />
*[[Phytophotodermatitis]]<br />
*[[Pinching]]<br />
*[[Pompholyx]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]]<br />
*[[Pseudoporphyria]]<br />
*[[Purpura fulminans]]<br />
*[[Pustular psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
*[[Rasagiline]]<br />
*[[Rickettsia akari]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]<br />
*[[Scabies]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]]<br />
*[[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sucking blisters]]<br />
*[[Sudamina]]<br />
*[[Sulfonamides]]<br />
*[[Sunburn]]<br />
*[[Sweet syndrome]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
*[[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]]<br />
*[[Tylosis]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Urticaria]]<br />
*[[Vancomycin]]<br />
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]<br />
*[[Variegate porphyria]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==Prevention==<br />
<br />
You can prevent blisters on your feet by wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes and clean socks that you change daily. Blisters are more likely to develop on skin that is moist, so if you have particularly sweaty feet you may find wearing moisture-absorbing socks or changing your socks twice a day, necessary to prevent blisters. If you are exercising or playing sport, special sports socks can help keep your feet drier and reduce the chance of a blister.<br />
<br />
Before going for a long walk, make sure that the shoes you are planning to wear have been broken in. If you do become aware of a hot area on your foot when walking, exercising or playing sport, stop immediately and tape some padding over the area.<br />
<br />
To avoid blisters on your hands, wear work gloves when using tools such as a shovel or pickaxe, and when doing manual work such as gardening. You should also wear gloves when handling detergents, cleaning products, solvents and other chemicals.<br />
<br />
To avoid friction to make a tear between the upper skin layer and the layers beneath one has to prevent friction forces being transmitted to the upper skin. This can be attained with a [[lubricant]], typically [[talcum powder]]. Wearing gloves with talcum powder inside makes hands almost immune to blisters. The same goes for feet in shoes with talcum powder inside. <br />
<br />
You should use sunscreen and cover up during the hottest part of the day to avoid blisters from sunburn. Moisturising, after-sun or calamine lotions can help to ease the discomfort if you do get burnt.<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Most blisters heal naturally and do not require medical attention. As new skin grows beneath the blister, the fluid contained within it will be slowly reabsorbed by your body and the skin on top will dry and peel off.<br />
<br />
The unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to infection. This means that you should try to keep blisters intact and unbroken in order to avoid infection. Try not to pierce a blister with a needle, but allow it to break on its own once the skin underneath has healed. If the blister is in a place (such as a hand or foot) that makes it extra painful, follow these steps:<br /><br />
1. Wash your hands and the blister with soap and water, and stearalize the blister with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
2. Steralize a pin with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
3. Make small pinpricks on the edge of the blister and drain the fluid through these.<br /><br />
4. Cover the blister with first-aid ointment and a sterile bandage.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-blisters/WL00008</ref><br />
<br />
Cover small blisters with a plaster (adhesive dressing). Larger blisters should be covered with a gauze pad or dressing that you can then tape in place. If you have a blister in a position that is causing you pain or that makes it likely to burst (such as on the sole of your foot), its important to cover it with a soft dressing to pad and protect it. Then change the dressing daily.<br />
<br />
If a blister bursts, don't peel off the dead skin on top of the blister. Gently press the area to get rid of all the fluid inside, and then cover the blister and the area around it with a dry, sterile dressing to protect it from infection until it heals.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters should also be left to heal naturally. As with other blisters, if a blood blister bursts it is important to keep the area clean and dry, and protect it with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters are often painful, and you may wish to apply an ice pack to the area immediately after the injury that caused it. You should apply the ice pack for between 10 and 30 minutes. The ice should not touch your skin directly as this may cause a cold burn, so place a towel over the injured part first. <br />
<br />
Even when popped as described above, a blister can become infected, Staph aureus infections being most common. Blisters that have become infected can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by your GP. Blisters caused by a medical condition are treated by treating the underlying condition.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Dracunculiasis]]<br />
*[[Herpangina]]<br />
*[[Herpes zoster]]<br />
*[[Ulcer]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.treatblisters.com Blisters information]<br />
<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
<br />
{{Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br><br />
[[ay:Pullullu]]<br />
[[de:Bulla (Dermatologie)]]<br />
[[es:Ampolla (piel)]]<br />
[[eo:Haŭtveziko]]<br />
[[fr:Phlyctène]]<br />
[[lb:Bloder]]<br />
[[nl:Blaar]]<br />
[[ja:水疱]]<br />
[[no:Vannblemme]]<br />
[[pl:Pęcherz]]<br />
[[fi:Rakkula]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
{{jb1}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Blister&diff=867237
Blister
2013-04-04T18:31:36Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = Blister <br />
| Image = Blister.jpg<br />
| Caption = A blister caused by 2nd degree burns<br />
| DiseasesDB = 1777<br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|T|14|0|t|08}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|910}}-{{ICD9|914}}, {{ICD9|940.0}}-{{ICD9|949.5}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = 003239<br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = D001768<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin. Blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected). However, most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum. Serum is the part of the blood that remains after red blood cells and clotting agents have been removed.<br />
<br />
A blister usually forms because the outer layer of the skin has become damaged. Fluid collects under the damaged layer of skin, cushioning the tissue underneath, protecting it from further damage and allowing it to heal.<br />
<br />
A blood-blister usually forms when a small blood vessel close to the surface of the skin ruptures (breaks) and blood leaks into a tear between the layers of skin. This can happen if the skin is crushed, pinched or squeezed very tightly.<br />
<br />
Blisters can also form as the result of certain medical conditions.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
<br />
Blisters are usually caused by injury to the skin from heat (for example from sunburn or a scald) or from friction.<br />
<br />
Friction or heat on the skin can create a tear between the upper layer of the skin (the epidermis) and the layers beneath. When this happens the surface of the skin remains intact, but is pushed outwards as serum seeps into the newly created space between the layers.<br />
<br />
Any rubbing of the skin can cause a blister if it is continued for long enough. Short periods of intense rubbing can also cause a blister. Blisters are most common on the hands and feet, as these parts of your body may rub against shoes or handheld equipment. Blisters form more easily on moist skin than on dry or soaked skin, and are more common in warm conditions.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, the skin can blister when it comes into contact with a cosmetic, detergent, solvent or other chemical. This is known as contact dermatitis. Blisters can also develop as a result of an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting.<br />
<br />
There are a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are:<br />
* chickenpox,<br />
* herpes,<br />
* impetigo, and,<br />
* a form of eczema called pompholyx.<br />
<br />
Other, much rarer conditions that cause blisters include:<br />
<br />
* Bullous pemphigoid - a skin disease that causes large, tightly-filled blisters to develop. The disease usually affects people over the age of 60.<br />
* Pemphigus - a serious skin disease in which blisters develop if pressure is applied to the skin. The blisters burst easily, leaving raw areas that can become infected.<br />
* Dermatitis herpetiformis - a skin disease that causes intensely itchy blisters, usually on the elbows, knees, back and buttocks. The blisters usually develop in patches of the same shape and size on both sides of the body.<br />
* Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood - a disease that causes clusters of blisters on the face, mouth or genitals.<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dibromoethane]], [[Mustard gas]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acropustulosis of infancy]], [[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]], [[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]], [[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]], [[Chronic bullous dermatosis]], [[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]], [[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]], [[Erythema multiforme]], [[Hydroa vacciniforme]], [[Impetigo]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Intraepidermal blistering]], [[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]], [[Miliaria]], [[Miliaria rubra]], [[Pemphigoid gestationis]], [[Pemphigus vulgaris]], [[Phytophotodermatitis]], [[Pompholyx]], [[Purpura fulminans]], [[Sudamina]], [[Sweet syndrome]], [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]], [[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]], [[Tylosis]], [[Wells syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[ACE inhibitors]]<br />
*[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]<br />
*[[Acropustulosis of infancy]]<br />
*[[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bed bugs]]<br />
*[[Behcet disease]]<br />
*[[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Bubonic plague flea bite site]]<br />
*[[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
*[[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
*[[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]]<br />
*[[Bullous tinea pedis]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Candidiasis]]<br />
*[[Captopril]]<br />
*[[Cephalosporins]]<br />
*[[Chickenpox]]<br />
*[[Chronic bullous dermatosis]]<br />
*[[Cicatricial pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Cilazapril]]<br />
*[[Coma blisters]]<br />
*[[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
*[[Congenital syphilis]]<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
*[[Crushing]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dapsone]]<br />
*[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<br />
*[[Dermatophytosis]]<br />
*[[Dibromoethane]]<br />
*[[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Duhring's disease]]<br />
*[[Edema blisters]]<br />
*[[Electrocution]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
*[[Erythema multiforme]]<br />
*[[Extreme temperatures]]<br />
*[[Fixed drug eruption]]<br />
*[[Friction blister]]<br />
*[[Frost bite]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Furosemide]]<br />
*[[Gas gangrene]]<br />
*[[Goldscheider disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
*[[Herpes virus 2]]<br />
*[[Hydroa vacciniforme]]<br />
*[[Ibuprofen]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Impetigo]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Intraepidermal blistering]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]]<br />
*[[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]]<br />
*[[Ketoprofen]]<br />
*[[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Lepidopterism]]<br />
*[[Linear IgA disease]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mefenamic acid]]<br />
*[[Miliaria]]<br />
*[[Miliaria rubra]]<br />
*[[Mustard gas]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orf]]<br />
*[[Pachyonychia congenita]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<br />
*[[Penicillamine]]<br />
*[[Penicillin]]<br />
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]<br />
*[[Phytophotodermatitis]]<br />
*[[Pinching]]<br />
*[[Pompholyx]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]]<br />
*[[Pseudoporphyria]]<br />
*[[Purpura fulminans]]<br />
*[[Pustular psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
*[[Rasagiline]]<br />
*[[Rickettsia akari]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]<br />
*[[Scabies]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]]<br />
*[[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sucking blisters]]<br />
*[[Sudamina]]<br />
*[[Sulfonamides]]<br />
*[[Sunburn]]<br />
*[[Sweet syndrome]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
*[[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]]<br />
*[[Tylosis]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Urticaria]]<br />
*[[Vancomycin]]<br />
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]<br />
*[[Variegate porphyria]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==Prevention==<br />
<br />
You can prevent blisters on your feet by wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes and clean socks that you change daily. Blisters are more likely to develop on skin that is moist, so if you have particularly sweaty feet you may find wearing moisture-absorbing socks or changing your socks twice a day, necessary to prevent blisters. If you are exercising or playing sport, special sports socks can help keep your feet drier and reduce the chance of a blister.<br />
<br />
Before going for a long walk, make sure that the shoes you are planning to wear have been broken in. If you do become aware of a hot area on your foot when walking, exercising or playing sport, stop immediately and tape some padding over the area.<br />
<br />
To avoid blisters on your hands, wear work gloves when using tools such as a shovel or pickaxe, and when doing manual work such as gardening. You should also wear gloves when handling detergents, cleaning products, solvents and other chemicals.<br />
<br />
To avoid friction to make a tear between the upper skin layer and the layers beneath one has to prevent friction forces being transmitted to the upper skin. This can be attained with a [[lubricant]], typically [[talcum powder]]. Wearing gloves with talcum powder inside makes hands almost immune to blisters. The same goes for feet in shoes with talcum powder inside. <br />
<br />
You should use sunscreen and cover up during the hottest part of the day to avoid blisters from sunburn. Moisturising, after-sun or calamine lotions can help to ease the discomfort if you do get burnt.<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Most blisters heal naturally and do not require medical attention. As new skin grows beneath the blister, the fluid contained within it will be slowly reabsorbed by your body and the skin on top will dry and peel off.<br />
<br />
The unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to infection. This means that you should try to keep blisters intact and unbroken in order to avoid infection. Try not to pierce a blister with a needle, but allow it to break on its own once the skin underneath has healed. If the blister is in a place (such as a hand or foot) that makes it extra painful, follow these steps:<br /><br />
1. Wash your hands and the blister with soap and water, and stearalize the blister with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
2. Steralize a pin with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
3. Make small pinpricks on the edge of the blister and drain the fluid through these.<br /><br />
4. Cover the blister with first-aid ointment and a sterile bandage.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-blisters/WL00008</ref><br />
<br />
Cover small blisters with a plaster (adhesive dressing). Larger blisters should be covered with a gauze pad or dressing that you can then tape in place. If you have a blister in a position that is causing you pain or that makes it likely to burst (such as on the sole of your foot), its important to cover it with a soft dressing to pad and protect it. Then change the dressing daily.<br />
<br />
If a blister bursts, don't peel off the dead skin on top of the blister. Gently press the area to get rid of all the fluid inside, and then cover the blister and the area around it with a dry, sterile dressing to protect it from infection until it heals.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters should also be left to heal naturally. As with other blisters, if a blood blister bursts it is important to keep the area clean and dry, and protect it with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters are often painful, and you may wish to apply an ice pack to the area immediately after the injury that caused it. You should apply the ice pack for between 10 and 30 minutes. The ice should not touch your skin directly as this may cause a cold burn, so place a towel over the injured part first. <br />
<br />
Even when popped as described above, a blister can become infected, Staph aureus infections being most common. Blisters that have become infected can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by your GP. Blisters caused by a medical condition are treated by treating the underlying condition.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Dracunculiasis]]<br />
*[[Herpangina]]<br />
*[[Herpes zoster]]<br />
*[[Ulcer]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.treatblisters.com Blisters information]<br />
<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
<br />
{{Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br><br />
[[ay:Pullullu]]<br />
[[de:Bulla (Dermatologie)]]<br />
[[es:Ampolla (piel)]]<br />
[[eo:Haŭtveziko]]<br />
[[fr:Phlyctène]]<br />
[[lb:Bloder]]<br />
[[nl:Blaar]]<br />
[[ja:水疱]]<br />
[[no:Vannblemme]]<br />
[[pl:Pęcherz]]<br />
[[fi:Rakkula]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
{{jb1}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Blister&diff=867233
Blister
2013-04-04T18:26:43Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = Blister <br />
| Image = Blister.jpg<br />
| Caption = A blister caused by 2nd degree burns<br />
| DiseasesDB = 1777<br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|T|14|0|t|08}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|910}}-{{ICD9|914}}, {{ICD9|940.0}}-{{ICD9|949.5}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = 003239<br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = D001768<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin. Blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected). However, most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum. Serum is the part of the blood that remains after red blood cells and clotting agents have been removed.<br />
<br />
A blister usually forms because the outer layer of the skin has become damaged. Fluid collects under the damaged layer of skin, cushioning the tissue underneath, protecting it from further damage and allowing it to heal.<br />
<br />
A blood-blister usually forms when a small blood vessel close to the surface of the skin ruptures (breaks) and blood leaks into a tear between the layers of skin. This can happen if the skin is crushed, pinched or squeezed very tightly.<br />
<br />
Blisters can also form as the result of certain medical conditions.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
<br />
Blisters are usually caused by injury to the skin from heat (for example from sunburn or a scald) or from friction.<br />
<br />
Friction or heat on the skin can create a tear between the upper layer of the skin (the epidermis) and the layers beneath. When this happens the surface of the skin remains intact, but is pushed outwards as serum seeps into the newly created space between the layers.<br />
<br />
Any rubbing of the skin can cause a blister if it is continued for long enough. Short periods of intense rubbing can also cause a blister. Blisters are most common on the hands and feet, as these parts of your body may rub against shoes or handheld equipment. Blisters form more easily on moist skin than on dry or soaked skin, and are more common in warm conditions.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, the skin can blister when it comes into contact with a cosmetic, detergent, solvent or other chemical. This is known as contact dermatitis. Blisters can also develop as a result of an allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting.<br />
<br />
There are a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are:<br />
* chickenpox,<br />
* herpes,<br />
* impetigo, and,<br />
* a form of eczema called pompholyx.<br />
<br />
Other, much rarer conditions that cause blisters include:<br />
<br />
* Bullous pemphigoid - a skin disease that causes large, tightly-filled blisters to develop. The disease usually affects people over the age of 60.<br />
* Pemphigus - a serious skin disease in which blisters develop if pressure is applied to the skin. The blisters burst easily, leaving raw areas that can become infected.<br />
* Dermatitis herpetiformis - a skin disease that causes intensely itchy blisters, usually on the elbows, knees, back and buttocks. The blisters usually develop in patches of the same shape and size on both sides of the body.<br />
* Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood - a disease that causes clusters of blisters on the face, mouth or genitals.<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[ACE inhibitors]]<br />
*[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]<br />
*[[Acropustulosis of infancy]]<br />
*[[Acute palmoplantar (dyshidrotic) eczema]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Bahemuka Brown syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bed bugs]]<br />
*[[Behcet disease]]<br />
*[[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Bubonic plague flea bite site]]<br />
*[[Bullous arthropod bite ]]<br />
*[[Bullous diabeticorum]]<br />
*[[Bullous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum]]<br />
*[[Bullous tinea pedis]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Candidiasis]]<br />
*[[Captopril]]<br />
*[[Cephalosporins]]<br />
*[[Chickenpox]]<br />
*[[Chronic bullous dermatosis]]<br />
*[[Cicatricial pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Cilazapril]]<br />
*[[Coma blisters]]<br />
*[[Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria]]<br />
*[[Congenital syphilis]]<br />
*[[Cowpox]]<br />
*[[Crushing]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous radiation syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dapsone]]<br />
*[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<br />
*[[Dermatophytosis]]<br />
*[[Dibromoethane]]<br />
*[[Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Duhring's disease]]<br />
*[[Edema blisters]]<br />
*[[Electrocution]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Hallopeau-Siemens type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa letalis]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Erysipelas]]<br />
*[[Erythema multiforme]]<br />
*[[Extreme temperatures]]<br />
*[[Fixed drug eruption]]<br />
*[[Friction blister]]<br />
*[[Frost bite]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Furosemide]]<br />
*[[Gas gangrene]]<br />
*[[Goldscheider disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Hailey-Hailey disease]]<br />
*[[Herpes simplex]]<br />
*[[Herpes virus 2]]<br />
*[[Hydroa vacciniforme]]<br />
*[[Ibuprofen]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Impetigo]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Intraepidermal blistering]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Kaposi varicelliform eruption]]<br />
*[[Keratoderma blenorrhagica]]<br />
*[[Ketoprofen]]<br />
*[[Kindler-Weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Lepidopterism]]<br />
*[[Linear IgA disease]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mefenamic acid]]<br />
*[[Miliaria]]<br />
*[[Miliaria rubra]]<br />
*[[Mustard gas]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orf]]<br />
*[[Pachyonychia congenita]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic pemphigus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid]]<br />
*[[Pemphigoid gestationis]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus foliaceus]]<br />
*[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<br />
*[[Penicillamine]]<br />
*[[Penicillin]]<br />
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]<br />
*[[Phytophotodermatitis]]<br />
*[[Pinching]]<br />
*[[Pompholyx]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 1 (sporadic)]]<br />
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 (familial)]]<br />
*[[Pseudoporphyria]]<br />
*[[Purpura fulminans]]<br />
*[[Pustular psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]<br />
*[[Rasagiline]]<br />
*[[Rickettsia akari]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]<br />
*[[Scabies]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]]<br />
*[[Steven-Johnson's syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sucking blisters]]<br />
*[[Sudamina]]<br />
*[[Sulfonamides]]<br />
*[[Sunburn]]<br />
*[[Sweet syndrome]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<br />
*[[Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease)]]<br />
*[[Tylosis]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Urticaria]]<br />
*[[Vancomycin]]<br />
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]<br />
*[[Variegate porphyria]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa]]<br />
*[[Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==Prevention==<br />
<br />
You can prevent blisters on your feet by wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes and clean socks that you change daily. Blisters are more likely to develop on skin that is moist, so if you have particularly sweaty feet you may find wearing moisture-absorbing socks or changing your socks twice a day, necessary to prevent blisters. If you are exercising or playing sport, special sports socks can help keep your feet drier and reduce the chance of a blister.<br />
<br />
Before going for a long walk, make sure that the shoes you are planning to wear have been broken in. If you do become aware of a hot area on your foot when walking, exercising or playing sport, stop immediately and tape some padding over the area.<br />
<br />
To avoid blisters on your hands, wear work gloves when using tools such as a shovel or pickaxe, and when doing manual work such as gardening. You should also wear gloves when handling detergents, cleaning products, solvents and other chemicals.<br />
<br />
To avoid friction to make a tear between the upper skin layer and the layers beneath one has to prevent friction forces being transmitted to the upper skin. This can be attained with a [[lubricant]], typically [[talcum powder]]. Wearing gloves with talcum powder inside makes hands almost immune to blisters. The same goes for feet in shoes with talcum powder inside. <br />
<br />
You should use sunscreen and cover up during the hottest part of the day to avoid blisters from sunburn. Moisturising, after-sun or calamine lotions can help to ease the discomfort if you do get burnt.<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Most blisters heal naturally and do not require medical attention. As new skin grows beneath the blister, the fluid contained within it will be slowly reabsorbed by your body and the skin on top will dry and peel off.<br />
<br />
The unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to infection. This means that you should try to keep blisters intact and unbroken in order to avoid infection. Try not to pierce a blister with a needle, but allow it to break on its own once the skin underneath has healed. If the blister is in a place (such as a hand or foot) that makes it extra painful, follow these steps:<br /><br />
1. Wash your hands and the blister with soap and water, and stearalize the blister with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
2. Steralize a pin with rubbing alcohol.<br /><br />
3. Make small pinpricks on the edge of the blister and drain the fluid through these.<br /><br />
4. Cover the blister with first-aid ointment and a sterile bandage.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-blisters/WL00008</ref><br />
<br />
Cover small blisters with a plaster (adhesive dressing). Larger blisters should be covered with a gauze pad or dressing that you can then tape in place. If you have a blister in a position that is causing you pain or that makes it likely to burst (such as on the sole of your foot), its important to cover it with a soft dressing to pad and protect it. Then change the dressing daily.<br />
<br />
If a blister bursts, don't peel off the dead skin on top of the blister. Gently press the area to get rid of all the fluid inside, and then cover the blister and the area around it with a dry, sterile dressing to protect it from infection until it heals.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters should also be left to heal naturally. As with other blisters, if a blood blister bursts it is important to keep the area clean and dry, and protect it with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.<br />
<br />
Blood blisters are often painful, and you may wish to apply an ice pack to the area immediately after the injury that caused it. You should apply the ice pack for between 10 and 30 minutes. The ice should not touch your skin directly as this may cause a cold burn, so place a towel over the injured part first. <br />
<br />
Even when popped as described above, a blister can become infected, Staph aureus infections being most common. Blisters that have become infected can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by your GP. Blisters caused by a medical condition are treated by treating the underlying condition.<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
*[[Dracunculiasis]]<br />
*[[Herpangina]]<br />
*[[Herpes zoster]]<br />
*[[Ulcer]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.treatblisters.com Blisters information]<br />
<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
<br />
{{Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br><br />
[[ay:Pullullu]]<br />
[[de:Bulla (Dermatologie)]]<br />
[[es:Ampolla (piel)]]<br />
[[eo:Haŭtveziko]]<br />
[[fr:Phlyctène]]<br />
[[lb:Bloder]]<br />
[[nl:Blaar]]<br />
[[ja:水疱]]<br />
[[no:Vannblemme]]<br />
[[pl:Pęcherz]]<br />
[[fi:Rakkula]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
{{jb1}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Obesity_causes&diff=866656
Obesity causes
2013-04-03T16:22:43Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Obesity}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
* [[Cushing's syndrome]]<br />
* [[Drugs]] <br />
* [[Diabetes]] <br />
* [[Familial obesity]] <br />
* [[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
* [[Hypothyroidism]] <br />
* [[Hyperandrogenism]] <br />
* [[Metabolic Syndrome]]<br />
* [[Overeating ]]<br />
* [[Physical inactivity]]<br />
* [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System===<br />
<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies]], [[Subaortic stenosis -- short stature syndrome]], [[Hypogonadism -- mitral valve prolapse -- mental retardation]], [[Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amitriptyline]], [[Cortisol]], [[Imipramine]], [[Citalopram]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[Estrogen]], [[Insulin]], [[Gabapentin]], [[Glitazones]], [[Hormone replacement therapy]] , [[Lithium]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] ([[MAOI]]s), [[Olanzapine]], [[Prednisolone]], [[Prednisone]], [[Paroxetine]], [[Pizotifen]], [[Propanolol]], [[Sotalol]], [[Sodium valproate]], [[Sertraline]], [[Sulphonylurea]], [[Vigabatrin]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ayazi syndrome]], [[Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achard-Thiers Syndrome]], Familial [[Adrenal adenoma]], [[Adrenal incidentaloma]], [[Aromatase deficiency]], [[Borjeson Syndrome ]], [[Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome ]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[Cushing syndrome]], [[Cushing's disease]], [[Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies]], [[Cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[Diabetes]], [[Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]], [[HAIR-AN Syndrome]], [[Hyperadrenalism]], [[Hyperandrogenism]], [[Hyperinsulinism]], [[Hyperpituitarism]], [[Hypogonadism -- mitral valve prolapse -- mental retardation complex]], [[Hypogonadotropic -- hypogonadism -- syndactyly complex]], [[Hydrocephalus-obesity-hypogonadism]], [[Hypopituitaryism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Insulinoma]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[Mauriac syndrome]], [[Myxedema]], [[Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex]], [[Pseudohypoparathyroidism]], [[Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome]], [[Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex]], [[Schroeder syndrome 1]], [[Sohval-Soffer syndrome]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]], [[Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex]], [[Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alstrom's Syndrome]], [[Atkin-Flatiz syndrome]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[Biemond syndrome type 2]], [[Carpenter syndrome]], [[Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type]], [[Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome]], [[Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome]], [[Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome]], [[Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25]], [[Chromosome 4, trisomy 4p]], [[Chromosome 5, trisomy 5q]], [[Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome]], [[Chromosome 9, partial trisomy 9p]], [[Clark-Baraitser syndrome]], [[Cohen syndrome]], Congenital [[Leptin]] deficiency, [[Cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[Duplication 5q]], [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]], [[Inherited predisposition]], [[Klinefelter syndrome ]], [[Laron dwarfism]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[McCune-Albright Syndrome]], [[Mental retardation X-linked short stature obesity]], [[Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 7]], [[Mental retardation, X linked -- precocious puberty -- obesity]], [[Mental retardation, X-linked -- gynecomastia -- obesity complex]], [[Mental retardation, X-linked -- hypogonadism -- ichthyosis -- obesity -- short stature complex]], [[Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 11]], [[MOMO syndrome]], [[Partial deletion chromosome 11p]], [[Partial duplication 9p ]], [[Prolidase deficiency]], [[Schinzel Syndrome]], [[Stewart-Morel-Morgagni Syndrome]], [[Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome]], [[Summitt syndrome]], [[Syndrome X]], [[Urban rogers meyer syndrome]], [[Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome]], [[WAGR Syndrome]], [[Williams Syndrome ]], [[Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation]], [[X-linked mental retardation craniofacial abnormal microcepahly club]], [[X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome]], [[Young-Hughes syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy]], [[Anophthalmia -- short stature -- obesity]], [[Acrocephalopolysyndactyly - type 2 (ACPS 2)]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[Biemond syndrome type 2]], [[Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia]], [[Carpenter syndrome]], [[Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type]], [[Clark-Baraitser syndrome]], [[Cohen syndrome]], [[Emerinopathy]], [[Hyperostosis frontalis interna]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[McCune-Albright Syndrome]], [[McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia]], [[Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex]], [[Overgrowth syndrome, type Fryer]], [[Stewart-Morel-Morgagni Syndrome]], [[Sohval-Soffer syndrome]], [[Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrocephalopolysyndactyly - type 2 (ACPS 2)]], [[Bobble-head doll syndrome]], [[Borjeson Syndrome ]], [[Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome ]], [[Chromophobe adenoma]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Empty sella syndrome]], [[Frohlich syndrome]], [[Grahmann's syndrome]], [[Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency]], [[Hyperpituitarism]], [[Hydrocephalus-obesity-hypogonadism]], [[Hypothalamic Dysfunction]], [[Hypothalamus tumor]], [[Increased intracranial pressure]], [[Kleine-Levin-Critchley syndrome]], [[Nguyen syndrome]], [[Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex]], [[Pituitary gland cancer]], [[Polyneuropathy -- mental retardation -- acromicria -- premature menopause]], [[Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex]], [[Third ventricle tumor]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome]], [[Binge eating disorder]], [[Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies]], [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]], [[Metabolic Syndrome]], [[Nguyen syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[OHSS]], [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]], [[Pituitary gland cancer]], [[Third ventricle tumor]], [[WAGR Syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aniridia - ptosis - mental retardation - obesity familial type complex]], [[Anophthalmia -- short stature -- obesity]], [[Ayazi syndrome]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[Choroideremia]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome]], [[WAGR Syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atkin-Flatiz syndrome]], [[Borjeson Syndrome ]], [[Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome ]], [[Biemond syndrome type 2]], [[Clark-Baraitser syndrome]], [[Cohen syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex]], [[WAGR Syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adiposogenital dystrophy]], [[Albright like syndrome]], [[Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome]], [[Ampola syndrome]], [[Familial obesity]], [[Hypertrichosis-brachydactyly-obesity and mental retardation complex]], [[Launois-Bensaude Syndrome]], [[Leschke-Ullmann syndrome]], [[Madelung's Disease]], [[Menopause]], [[Mental retardation -- blepharophimosis -- obesity -- web neck complex]], [[Mental retardation -- epilepsy -- bulbous nose complex]], [[Mental retardation -- epileptic seizures -- hypogonadism -- hypogenitalism -microcephaly -- obesity complex]], [[Mental retardation -- gynecomastia -- obesity - X-linked ]], [[Mental retardation -- nasal hypoplasia -- obesity -- genital hypoplasia complex]], [[Mental retardation - unusual facies ampola type ]], [[Multiple lipomas]], [[Overeating ]], [[Physical inactivity]], [[Polyphagia]], [[Prader-Willi syndrome]], [[Pubertal obesity]], [[Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome]], [[Weight cycling]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes by Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
* [[Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Achard-Thiers Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Acrocephalopolysyndactyly - type 2(ACPS 2)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Adiposogenital dystrophy]]<br />
<br />
* Familial [[Adrenal adenoma]]<br />
<br />
* [[Adrenal incidentaloma]]<br />
<br />
* [[Albright like syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy]]<br />
<br />
* [[Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Alstrom's Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Amitriptyline]]<br />
<br />
* [[Ampola syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Aniridia - ptosis - mental retardation - obesity familial type complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Anophthalmia -- short stature -- obesity]]<br />
<br />
* [[Aromatase deficiency]]<br />
<br />
* [[Atkin-Flatiz syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Ayazi syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Biemond syndrome type 2]]<br />
<br />
* [[Binge eating disorder]]<br />
<br />
* [[Bobble-head doll syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Borjeson Syndrome ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies]]<br />
<br />
* [[Carpenter syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chlorpromazine]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type]]<br />
<br />
* [[Choroideremia]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromophobe adenoma]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 3 - trisomy 3q13 2 q25]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 4 - trisomy 4p]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 5 - trisomy 5q]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Chromosome 9 - partial trisomy 9p]]<br />
<br />
* [[Citalopram]]<br />
<br />
* [[Clark-Baraitser syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cohen syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Congenital leptin deficiency]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cortisol]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cortisone reductase deficiency]]<br />
<br />
* [[Craniopharyngioma]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cushing syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cushing's disease]]<br />
<br />
* [[Diabetes]]<br />
<br />
* [[Duplication 5q]]<br />
<br />
* [[Emerinopathy]]<br />
<br />
* [[Empty sella syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Estrogen]]<br />
<br />
* [[Familial obesity]]<br />
<br />
* [[Frohlich syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
<br />
* [[Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]]<br />
<br />
* [[Gabapentin]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glitazones]]<br />
<br />
* [[Grahmann's syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency]]<br />
<br />
* [[HAIR-AN Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hormone replacement therapy]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hydrocephalus-obesity-hypogonadism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hyperadrenalism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hyperandrogenism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hyperinsulinism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hyperostosis frontalis interna]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hyperpituitarism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hypertrichosis-brachydactyly-obesity and mental retardation complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hypogonadism -- mitral valve prolapse -- mental retardation]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hypogonadotropic -- hypogonadism -- syndactyly]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hypopituitaryism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hypothalamic Dysfunction]]<br />
<br />
* [[Hypothalamus]] tumor<br />
<br />
* [[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Imipramine]]<br />
<br />
* [[Increased intracranial pressure]]<br />
<br />
* [[Inherited predisposition]]<br />
<br />
* [[Insulin]]<br />
<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
<br />
* [[Insulinoma]]<br />
<br />
* [[Kleine-Levin-Critchley syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Klinefelter syndrome ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Laron dwarfism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Launois-Bensaude Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Leschke-Ullmann syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Lithium]]<br />
<br />
* [[Madelung's Disease]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mauriac syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[McCune-Albright Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia]]<br />
<br />
* [[Menopause]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation -- blepharophimosis -- obesity -- web neck complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation -- epilepsy -- bulbous nose complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation -- epileptic seizures -- hypogonadism -- hypogenitalism -microcephaly -- obesity complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation -- gynecomastia -- obesity - X-linked ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation -- nasal hypoplasia -- obesity -- genital hypoplasia complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation - unusual facies ampola type ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation X-linked short stature obesity]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 7]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation, X linked -- precocious puberty -- obesity]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation, X-linked -- gynecomastia -- obesity complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation, X-linked -- hypogonadism -- ichthyosis -- obesity -- short stature complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 11]]<br />
<br />
* [[Metabolic Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Mirtazapine]]<br />
<br />
* [[MOMO syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] ([[MAOI]]s)<br />
<br />
* [[Multiple lipomas]]<br />
<br />
* [[Myxedema]]<br />
<br />
* [[Nguyen syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[OHSS]]<br />
<br />
* [[Olanzapine]]<br />
<br />
* [[Overeating ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Overgrowth syndrome, type Fryer]]<br />
<br />
* [[Paroxetine]]<br />
<br />
* [[Partial deletion chromosome 11p]]<br />
<br />
* [[Partial duplication 9p ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Physical inactivity]]<br />
<br />
* [[Pituitary gland cancer]]<br />
<br />
* [[Pizotifen]]<br />
<br />
* [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Polyneuropathy -- mental retardation -- acromicria -- premature menopause]]<br />
<br />
* [[Polyphagia]]<br />
<br />
* [[Prader-Willi syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Prednisolone]]<br />
<br />
* [[Prednisone]]<br />
<br />
* [[Prolidase deficiency]]<br />
<br />
* [[Propanolol]]<br />
<br />
* [[Pseudohypoparathyroidism]]<br />
<br />
* [[Pubertal obesity]]<br />
<br />
* [[Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex]]<br />
<br />
* [[Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Schinzel Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Schroeder syndrome 1]]<br />
<br />
* [[Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Sertraline]]<br />
<br />
* [[Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Sodium valproate]]<br />
<br />
* [[Sohval-Soffer syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Sotalol]]<br />
<br />
* [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Stewart-Morel-Morgagni Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Subaortic stenosis -- short stature syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Sulphonylurea]]<br />
<br />
* [[Summitt syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Syndrome X]]<br />
<br />
* [[Third ventricle tumor]]<br />
<br />
* [[Urban rogers meyer syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Vigabatrin]]<br />
<br />
* [[WAGR Syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Weight cycling]]<br />
<br />
* [[Williams Syndrome ]]<br />
<br />
* [[Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation]]<br />
<br />
* [[X-linked mental retardation craniofacial abnormal microcepahly club]]<br />
<br />
* [[X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome]]<br />
<br />
* [[Young-Hughes syndrome]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]<br />
[[Category:Health risks]]<br />
[[Category:Nutrition]]<br />
[[Category:Overview complete]]<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Cardiology]]<br />
[[Category:Endocrinology]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cachexia&diff=866571
Cachexia
2013-04-03T15:11:44Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = Cachexia |<br />
Image = Cachexia.jpg |<br />
ICD10 = R64 |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|799.4}} |<br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cachexia''' ({{pronEng|kəˈkɛksiə}}) is [[weight loss|loss of weight]], [[muscle atrophy]], fatigue, weakness and significant [[anorexia (symptom)|loss of appetite]] in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. It can be a [[sign (medicine)|sign]] of various underlying disorders; when a patient presents with cachexia, a doctor will generally consider the possibility of [[cancer]], certain [[infectious disease]]s (e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[AIDS]]) and some [[autoimmune disorder]]s, or addiction to drugs such as [[amphetamine]]s or [[cocaine]].<br />
Cachexia physically weakens patients to a state of immobility stemming from loss of appetite, [[asthenia]], and [[anemia]], and response to standard treatment is usually poor.<br />
<br />
==Disease settings==<br />
<br />
Cachexia is often seen in end-stage [[cancer]], and in that context is called "cancer cachexia". It was also prevalent in [[AIDS]] patients before the advent of triple-therapy for that condition; now it is seen less frequently in those countries where such treatment is available. In those patients who have [[Congestive Heart Failure]], there is also a cachectic syndrome. Also, a cachexia co-morbidity is seen in patients that have any of the range of illnesses classified as "[[COPD]]" (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), particularly [[emphysema]]. Some severe cases of [[schizophrenia]] can present this condition where it is named '''''vesanic cachexia'''''.<ref>"Vesanic" means demented.</ref><br />
<br />
In each of these settings there is full-body wasting, which hits the [[skeletal muscle]] especially hard, resulting in [[muscle atrophy]].<br />
<br />
<div align="left"><br />
<gallery heights="145" widths="375"><br />
Image:Cachexia.jpg|Cachexia<br />
</gallery><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Mechanism==<br />
<br />
The exact mechanism in which these diseases cause cachexia is poorly understood, but there is probably a role for [[inflammation|inflammatory]] [[cytokine]]s such as [[tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) -which is also nicknamed ''cachexin'' for this reason-, [[Interferon|Interferon gamma]] (IFNɣ), and [[Interleukin 6]] (IL-6), as well as the [[tumor]] secreted [[proteolysis]] inducing factor (PIF).<br />
<br />
Related [[malnutrition]] syndromes are [[kwashiorkor]] and [[marasmus]], although these do not always have an underlying causative illness; they are most often symptomatic of severe [[malnutrition]].<br />
<br />
Those suffering from the eating disorder [[anorexia nervosa]] appear to have high plasma levels of [[ghrelin]]. [[Ghrelin]] levels are also high in patients who have cancer-induced '''cachexia''' (Garcia et al 2005).<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Cancer cachexia]]<br />
*[[Cardiac cachexia]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cardiac cachexia]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Endocarditis]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mercury ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amphetamine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addison's disease]], [[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]], [[Chronic diarrhea]], [[Crohn's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andrade's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chemotherapy]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Leishmaniasis]], [[Lung abscess]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Sepsis]], [[Trypanosomiasis]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myelosclerosis]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Cancer cachexia]], [[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Kaposi sarcoma]], [[Leukemia]], [[Liver cancer]], [[Malignancy]], [[Metastatic neoplasm]], [[Myeloma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[Stomach cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Depression]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[COPD]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Lung abscess]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastocytosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Starvation]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute myelosclerosis]]<br />
*[[Addison's disease]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Andrade's disease]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Breast cancer]]<br />
*[[Brucellosis]]<br />
*[[Cancer cachexia]]<br />
*[[Cardiac cachexia]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Chemotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic diarrhea]]<br />
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[COPD]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis B]]<br />
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Leishmaniasis]]<br />
*[[Leukemia]]<br />
*[[Liver cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
*[[Malignancy]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mercury ]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metastatic neoplasm]]<br />
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myeloma]]<br />
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
*[[Sepsis]]<br />
*[[Starvation]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Wasting]]<br />
<br />
==Resources==<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?&rid=cmed6.section.40200 Manifestations of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cmed6.section.40218 Treatment of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.research.va.gov/news/press_releases/wasting-syndrome-1209802.cfm Scientists find key to 'wasting syndrome' seen in cancer, AIDS (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)]<br />
*[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/index.html Vitamin E and Disease Treatment (Oregon State University)]<br />
*[http://www.biomedcode.com BioMedCode Animal Models for Cachexia / MOF (Tg211, TgE1355)]<br />
*[http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11065 Medicine Net.com - Definition of Cachexia]<br />
<br />
{{Symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Medical signs]]<br />
[[Category:Physiology]]<br />
[[Category:Pathology]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Oncology]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Kachexie]]<br />
[[es:Caquexia]]<br />
[[fr:Cachexie]]<br />
[[nl:Cachexie]]<br />
[[ja:悪液質]]<br />
[[pl:Wyniszczenie]]<br />
[[pt:Caquexia]]<br />
[[qu:Amaychura]]<br />
[[sv:Kakeksi]]<br />
[[zh:惡病體質]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cachexia&diff=866570
Cachexia
2013-04-03T15:08:29Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Common Causes */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = Cachexia |<br />
Image = Cachexia.jpg |<br />
ICD10 = R64 |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|799.4}} |<br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cachexia''' ({{pronEng|kəˈkɛksiə}}) is [[weight loss|loss of weight]], [[muscle atrophy]], fatigue, weakness and significant [[anorexia (symptom)|loss of appetite]] in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. It can be a [[sign (medicine)|sign]] of various underlying disorders; when a patient presents with cachexia, a doctor will generally consider the possibility of [[cancer]], certain [[infectious disease]]s (e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[AIDS]]) and some [[autoimmune disorder]]s, or addiction to drugs such as [[amphetamine]]s or [[cocaine]].<br />
Cachexia physically weakens patients to a state of immobility stemming from loss of appetite, [[asthenia]], and [[anemia]], and response to standard treatment is usually poor.<br />
<br />
==Disease settings==<br />
<br />
Cachexia is often seen in end-stage [[cancer]], and in that context is called "cancer cachexia". It was also prevalent in [[AIDS]] patients before the advent of triple-therapy for that condition; now it is seen less frequently in those countries where such treatment is available. In those patients who have [[Congestive Heart Failure]], there is also a cachectic syndrome. Also, a cachexia co-morbidity is seen in patients that have any of the range of illnesses classified as "[[COPD]]" (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), particularly [[emphysema]]. Some severe cases of [[schizophrenia]] can present this condition where it is named '''''vesanic cachexia'''''.<ref>"Vesanic" means demented.</ref><br />
<br />
In each of these settings there is full-body wasting, which hits the [[skeletal muscle]] especially hard, resulting in [[muscle atrophy]].<br />
<br />
<div align="left"><br />
<gallery heights="145" widths="375"><br />
Image:Cachexia.jpg|Cachexia<br />
</gallery><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Mechanism==<br />
<br />
The exact mechanism in which these diseases cause cachexia is poorly understood, but there is probably a role for [[inflammation|inflammatory]] [[cytokine]]s such as [[tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) -which is also nicknamed ''cachexin'' for this reason-, [[Interferon|Interferon gamma]] (IFNɣ), and [[Interleukin 6]] (IL-6), as well as the [[tumor]] secreted [[proteolysis]] inducing factor (PIF).<br />
<br />
Related [[malnutrition]] syndromes are [[kwashiorkor]] and [[marasmus]], although these do not always have an underlying causative illness; they are most often symptomatic of severe [[malnutrition]].<br />
<br />
Those suffering from the eating disorder [[anorexia nervosa]] appear to have high plasma levels of [[ghrelin]]. [[Ghrelin]] levels are also high in patients who have cancer-induced '''cachexia''' (Garcia et al 2005).<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Cancer cachexia]]<br />
*[[Cardiac cachexia]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cardiac cachexia]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Endocarditis]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mercury ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amphetamine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addison's disease]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]], [[Chronic diarrhea]], [[Crohn's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andrade's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chemotherapy]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Leishmaniasis]], [[Lung abscess]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Sepsis]], [[Trypanosomiasis]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]], [[Multiple sclerosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myelosclerosis]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Cancer cachexia]], [[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Kaposi sarcoma]], [[Leukemia]], [[Liver cancer]], [[Malignancy]], [[Metastatic neoplasm]], [[Myeloma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[Stomach cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Depression]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[COPD]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastocytosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Starvation]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute myelosclerosis]]<br />
*[[Addison's disease]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Andrade's disease]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Breast cancer]]<br />
*[[Brucellosis]]<br />
*[[Cancer cachexia]]<br />
*[[Cardiac cachexia]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Chemotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic diarrhea]]<br />
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[COPD]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis B]]<br />
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Leishmaniasis]]<br />
*[[Leukemia]]<br />
*[[Liver cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
*[[Malignancy]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mercury ]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metastatic neoplasm]]<br />
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myeloma]]<br />
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
*[[Sepsis]]<br />
*[[Starvation]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Wasting]]<br />
<br />
==Resources==<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?&rid=cmed6.section.40200 Manifestations of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cmed6.section.40218 Treatment of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.research.va.gov/news/press_releases/wasting-syndrome-1209802.cfm Scientists find key to 'wasting syndrome' seen in cancer, AIDS (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)]<br />
*[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/index.html Vitamin E and Disease Treatment (Oregon State University)]<br />
*[http://www.biomedcode.com BioMedCode Animal Models for Cachexia / MOF (Tg211, TgE1355)]<br />
*[http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11065 Medicine Net.com - Definition of Cachexia]<br />
<br />
{{Symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Medical signs]]<br />
[[Category:Physiology]]<br />
[[Category:Pathology]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Oncology]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Kachexie]]<br />
[[es:Caquexia]]<br />
[[fr:Cachexie]]<br />
[[nl:Cachexie]]<br />
[[ja:悪液質]]<br />
[[pl:Wyniszczenie]]<br />
[[pt:Caquexia]]<br />
[[qu:Amaychura]]<br />
[[sv:Kakeksi]]<br />
[[zh:惡病體質]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cachexia&diff=866568
Cachexia
2013-04-03T15:03:51Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = Cachexia |<br />
Image = Cachexia.jpg |<br />
ICD10 = R64 |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|799.4}} |<br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cachexia''' ({{pronEng|kəˈkɛksiə}}) is [[weight loss|loss of weight]], [[muscle atrophy]], fatigue, weakness and significant [[anorexia (symptom)|loss of appetite]] in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. It can be a [[sign (medicine)|sign]] of various underlying disorders; when a patient presents with cachexia, a doctor will generally consider the possibility of [[cancer]], certain [[infectious disease]]s (e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[AIDS]]) and some [[autoimmune disorder]]s, or addiction to drugs such as [[amphetamine]]s or [[cocaine]].<br />
Cachexia physically weakens patients to a state of immobility stemming from loss of appetite, [[asthenia]], and [[anemia]], and response to standard treatment is usually poor.<br />
<br />
==Disease settings==<br />
<br />
Cachexia is often seen in end-stage [[cancer]], and in that context is called "cancer cachexia". It was also prevalent in [[AIDS]] patients before the advent of triple-therapy for that condition; now it is seen less frequently in those countries where such treatment is available. In those patients who have [[Congestive Heart Failure]], there is also a cachectic syndrome. Also, a cachexia co-morbidity is seen in patients that have any of the range of illnesses classified as "[[COPD]]" (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), particularly [[emphysema]]. Some severe cases of [[schizophrenia]] can present this condition where it is named '''''vesanic cachexia'''''.<ref>"Vesanic" means demented.</ref><br />
<br />
In each of these settings there is full-body wasting, which hits the [[skeletal muscle]] especially hard, resulting in [[muscle atrophy]].<br />
<br />
<div align="left"><br />
<gallery heights="145" widths="375"><br />
Image:Cachexia.jpg|Cachexia<br />
</gallery><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Mechanism==<br />
<br />
The exact mechanism in which these diseases cause cachexia is poorly understood, but there is probably a role for [[inflammation|inflammatory]] [[cytokine]]s such as [[tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) -which is also nicknamed ''cachexin'' for this reason-, [[Interferon|Interferon gamma]] (IFNɣ), and [[Interleukin 6]] (IL-6), as well as the [[tumor]] secreted [[proteolysis]] inducing factor (PIF).<br />
<br />
Related [[malnutrition]] syndromes are [[kwashiorkor]] and [[marasmus]], although these do not always have an underlying causative illness; they are most often symptomatic of severe [[malnutrition]].<br />
<br />
Those suffering from the eating disorder [[anorexia nervosa]] appear to have high plasma levels of [[ghrelin]]. [[Ghrelin]] levels are also high in patients who have cancer-induced '''cachexia''' (Garcia et al 2005).<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cardiac cachexia]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Endocarditis]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mercury ]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amphetamine]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addison's disease]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]], [[Chronic diarrhea]], [[Crohn's disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andrade's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chemotherapy]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Leishmaniasis]], [[Lung abscess]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Sepsis]], [[Trypanosomiasis]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]], [[Multiple sclerosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myelosclerosis]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Cancer cachexia]], [[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Kaposi sarcoma]], [[Leukemia]], [[Liver cancer]], [[Malignancy]], [[Metastatic neoplasm]], [[Myeloma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[Stomach cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Depression]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[COPD]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastocytosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Starvation]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute myelosclerosis]]<br />
*[[Addison's disease]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Andrade's disease]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Breast cancer]]<br />
*[[Brucellosis]]<br />
*[[Cancer cachexia]]<br />
*[[Cardiac cachexia]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Chemotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic diarrhea]]<br />
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[COPD]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis B]]<br />
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Leishmaniasis]]<br />
*[[Leukemia]]<br />
*[[Liver cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
*[[Malignancy]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mercury ]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metastatic neoplasm]]<br />
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myeloma]]<br />
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
*[[Sepsis]]<br />
*[[Starvation]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Wasting]]<br />
<br />
==Resources==<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?&rid=cmed6.section.40200 Manifestations of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cmed6.section.40218 Treatment of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.research.va.gov/news/press_releases/wasting-syndrome-1209802.cfm Scientists find key to 'wasting syndrome' seen in cancer, AIDS (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)]<br />
*[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/index.html Vitamin E and Disease Treatment (Oregon State University)]<br />
*[http://www.biomedcode.com BioMedCode Animal Models for Cachexia / MOF (Tg211, TgE1355)]<br />
*[http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11065 Medicine Net.com - Definition of Cachexia]<br />
<br />
{{Symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Medical signs]]<br />
[[Category:Physiology]]<br />
[[Category:Pathology]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Oncology]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Kachexie]]<br />
[[es:Caquexia]]<br />
[[fr:Cachexie]]<br />
[[nl:Cachexie]]<br />
[[ja:悪液質]]<br />
[[pl:Wyniszczenie]]<br />
[[pt:Caquexia]]<br />
[[qu:Amaychura]]<br />
[[sv:Kakeksi]]<br />
[[zh:惡病體質]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cachexia&diff=866558
Cachexia
2013-04-03T14:52:48Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = Cachexia |<br />
Image = Cachexia.jpg |<br />
ICD10 = R64 |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|799.4}} |<br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cachexia''' ({{pronEng|kəˈkɛksiə}}) is [[weight loss|loss of weight]], [[muscle atrophy]], fatigue, weakness and significant [[anorexia (symptom)|loss of appetite]] in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. It can be a [[sign (medicine)|sign]] of various underlying disorders; when a patient presents with cachexia, a doctor will generally consider the possibility of [[cancer]], certain [[infectious disease]]s (e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[AIDS]]) and some [[autoimmune disorder]]s, or addiction to drugs such as [[amphetamine]]s or [[cocaine]].<br />
Cachexia physically weakens patients to a state of immobility stemming from loss of appetite, [[asthenia]], and [[anemia]], and response to standard treatment is usually poor.<br />
<br />
==Disease settings==<br />
<br />
Cachexia is often seen in end-stage [[cancer]], and in that context is called "cancer cachexia". It was also prevalent in [[AIDS]] patients before the advent of triple-therapy for that condition; now it is seen less frequently in those countries where such treatment is available. In those patients who have [[Congestive Heart Failure]], there is also a cachectic syndrome. Also, a cachexia co-morbidity is seen in patients that have any of the range of illnesses classified as "[[COPD]]" (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), particularly [[emphysema]]. Some severe cases of [[schizophrenia]] can present this condition where it is named '''''vesanic cachexia'''''.<ref>"Vesanic" means demented.</ref><br />
<br />
In each of these settings there is full-body wasting, which hits the [[skeletal muscle]] especially hard, resulting in [[muscle atrophy]].<br />
<br />
<div align="left"><br />
<gallery heights="145" widths="375"><br />
Image:Cachexia.jpg|Cachexia<br />
</gallery><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Mechanism==<br />
<br />
The exact mechanism in which these diseases cause cachexia is poorly understood, but there is probably a role for [[inflammation|inflammatory]] [[cytokine]]s such as [[tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) -which is also nicknamed ''cachexin'' for this reason-, [[Interferon|Interferon gamma]] (IFNɣ), and [[Interleukin 6]] (IL-6), as well as the [[tumor]] secreted [[proteolysis]] inducing factor (PIF).<br />
<br />
Related [[malnutrition]] syndromes are [[kwashiorkor]] and [[marasmus]], although these do not always have an underlying causative illness; they are most often symptomatic of severe [[malnutrition]].<br />
<br />
Those suffering from the eating disorder [[anorexia nervosa]] appear to have high plasma levels of [[ghrelin]]. [[Ghrelin]] levels are also high in patients who have cancer-induced '''cachexia''' (Garcia et al 2005).<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute myelosclerosis]]<br />
*[[Addison's disease]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Andrade's disease]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Breast cancer]]<br />
*[[Brucellosis]]<br />
*[[Cancer cachexia]]<br />
*[[Cardiac cachexia]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Chemotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic diarrhea]]<br />
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[COPD]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis B]]<br />
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Leishmaniasis]]<br />
*[[Leukemia]]<br />
*[[Liver cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
*[[Malignancy]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mercury ]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metastatic neoplasm]]<br />
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myeloma]]<br />
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
*[[Sepsis]]<br />
*[[Starvation]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Wasting]]<br />
<br />
==Resources==<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?&rid=cmed6.section.40200 Manifestations of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cmed6.section.40218 Treatment of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.research.va.gov/news/press_releases/wasting-syndrome-1209802.cfm Scientists find key to 'wasting syndrome' seen in cancer, AIDS (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)]<br />
*[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/index.html Vitamin E and Disease Treatment (Oregon State University)]<br />
*[http://www.biomedcode.com BioMedCode Animal Models for Cachexia / MOF (Tg211, TgE1355)]<br />
*[http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11065 Medicine Net.com - Definition of Cachexia]<br />
<br />
{{Symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Medical signs]]<br />
[[Category:Physiology]]<br />
[[Category:Pathology]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Oncology]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Kachexie]]<br />
[[es:Caquexia]]<br />
[[fr:Cachexie]]<br />
[[nl:Cachexie]]<br />
[[ja:悪液質]]<br />
[[pl:Wyniszczenie]]<br />
[[pt:Caquexia]]<br />
[[qu:Amaychura]]<br />
[[sv:Kakeksi]]<br />
[[zh:惡病體質]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cachexia&diff=866557
Cachexia
2013-04-03T14:51:59Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = Cachexia |<br />
Image = Cachexia.jpg |<br />
ICD10 = R64 |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|799.4}} |<br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
'''Cachexia''' ({{pronEng|kəˈkɛksiə}}) is [[weight loss|loss of weight]], [[muscle atrophy]], fatigue, weakness and significant [[anorexia (symptom)|loss of appetite]] in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. It can be a [[sign (medicine)|sign]] of various underlying disorders; when a patient presents with cachexia, a doctor will generally consider the possibility of [[cancer]], certain [[infectious disease]]s (e.g. [[tuberculosis]], [[AIDS]]) and some [[autoimmune disorder]]s, or addiction to drugs such as [[amphetamine]]s or [[cocaine]].<br />
Cachexia physically weakens patients to a state of immobility stemming from loss of appetite, [[asthenia]], and [[anemia]], and response to standard treatment is usually poor.<br />
<br />
==Disease settings==<br />
<br />
Cachexia is often seen in end-stage [[cancer]], and in that context is called "cancer cachexia". It was also prevalent in [[AIDS]] patients before the advent of triple-therapy for that condition; now it is seen less frequently in those countries where such treatment is available. In those patients who have [[Congestive Heart Failure]], there is also a cachectic syndrome. Also, a cachexia co-morbidity is seen in patients that have any of the range of illnesses classified as "[[COPD]]" (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), particularly [[emphysema]]. Some severe cases of [[schizophrenia]] can present this condition where it is named '''''vesanic cachexia'''''.<ref>"Vesanic" means demented.</ref><br />
<br />
In each of these settings there is full-body wasting, which hits the [[skeletal muscle]] especially hard, resulting in [[muscle atrophy]].<br />
<br />
<div align="left"><br />
<gallery heights="145" widths="375"><br />
Image:Cachexia.jpg|Cachexia<br />
</gallery><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Mechanism==<br />
<br />
The exact mechanism in which these diseases cause cachexia is poorly understood, but there is probably a role for [[inflammation|inflammatory]] [[cytokine]]s such as [[tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) -which is also nicknamed ''cachexin'' for this reason-, [[Interferon|Interferon gamma]] (IFNɣ), and [[Interleukin 6]] (IL-6), as well as the [[tumor]] secreted [[proteolysis]] inducing factor (PIF).<br />
<br />
Related [[malnutrition]] syndromes are [[kwashiorkor]] and [[marasmus]], although these do not always have an underlying causative illness; they are most often symptomatic of severe [[malnutrition]].<br />
<br />
Those suffering from the eating disorder [[anorexia nervosa]] appear to have high plasma levels of [[ghrelin]]. [[Ghrelin]] levels are also high in patients who have cancer-induced '''cachexia''' (Garcia et al 2005).<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute myelosclerosis]]<br />
*[[Addison's disease]]<br />
*[[AIDS]]<br />
*[[Amphetamine]]<br />
*[[Andrade's disease]]<br />
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]<br />
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Breast cancer]]<br />
*[[Brucellosis]]<br />
*[[Cancer cachexia]]<br />
*[[Cardiac cachexia]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Chemotherapy]]<br />
*[[Chronic diarrhea]]<br />
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]<br />
*[[Chronic renal failure]]<br />
*[[Colorectal cancer]]<br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[COPD]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Depression]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis B]]<br />
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Leishmaniasis]]<br />
*[[Leukemia]]<br />
*[[Liver cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
*[[Malignancy]]<br />
*[[Mastocytosis]]<br />
*[[Mercury ]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metastatic neoplasm]]<br />
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myeloma]]<br />
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]<br />
*[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Riley-Shwachman syndrome]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<br />
*[[Sepsis]]<br />
*[[Starvation]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Wasting]]<br />
<br />
==Resources==<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?&rid=cmed6.section.40200 Manifestations of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cmed6.section.40218 Treatment of Cachexia], from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=cmed6.TOC&depth=2 Cancer Medicine]<br />
*[http://www.research.va.gov/news/press_releases/wasting-syndrome-1209802.cfm Scientists find key to 'wasting syndrome' seen in cancer, AIDS (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)]<br />
*[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/index.html Vitamin E and Disease Treatment (Oregon State University)]<br />
*[http://www.biomedcode.com BioMedCode Animal Models for Cachexia / MOF (Tg211, TgE1355)]<br />
*[http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11065 Medicine Net.com - Definition of Cachexia]<br />
<br />
{{Symptoms and signs}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Medical signs]]<br />
[[Category:Physiology]]<br />
[[Category:Pathology]]<br />
[[Category:Symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]<br />
[[Category:Oncology]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Kachexie]]<br />
[[es:Caquexia]]<br />
[[fr:Cachexie]]<br />
[[nl:Cachexie]]<br />
[[ja:悪液質]]<br />
[[pl:Wyniszczenie]]<br />
[[pt:Caquexia]]<br />
[[qu:Amaychura]]<br />
[[sv:Kakeksi]]<br />
[[zh:惡病體質]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866218
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:49:52Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]], [[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Major surgery]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| ,[[Chagas disease]], [[Dissecting cellulitis]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Secondary syphilis]], [[Severe infection]], [[Shingles]], [[Tinea capitis]], [[Tinea favosa capitis]], [[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypervitaminosis A]], [[Iron deficiency]], [[Vitamin H deficiency]], [[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Child birth]], [[Pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenal gland tumor]], [[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]], [[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Severe emotional stress]], [[Trichotillomania]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alopecia areata]], [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[Autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[Lichen planopilaris]], [[Lichen planus]], [[Psoriasis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Burns]], [[Traction alopecia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aging]], [[Crash diet]], [[Excessive blow-drying]], [[Excessive shampooing]], [[High fever]], [[Major illness]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866215
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:46:23Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]], [[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Major surgery]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| ,[[Chagas disease]], [[Dissecting cellulitis]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Secondary syphilis]], [[Severe infection]], [[Shingles]], [[Tinea capitis]], [[Tinea favosa capitis]], [[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypervitaminosis A]], [[Iron deficiency]], [[Vitamin H deficiency]], [[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866214
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:45:39Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]], [[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Major surgery]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| ,[[Chagas disease]], [[Dissecting cellulitis]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Secondary syphilis]], [[Severe infection]], [[Shingles]], [[Tinea capitis]], [[Tinea favosa capitis]], [[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866213
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:45:03Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Major surgery]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| ,[[Chagas disease]], [[Dissecting cellulitis]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Secondary syphilis]], [[Severe infection]], [[Shingles]], [[Tinea capitis]], [[Tinea favosa capitis]], [[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866211
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:44:29Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Major surgery]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| ,[[Chagas disease]], [[Dissecting cellulitis]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Secondary syphilis]], [[Severe infection]], [[Shingles]], [[Tinea capitis]], [[Tinea favosa capitis]], [[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866210
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:43:38Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Major surgery]], [[Radiotherapy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
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Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866209
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:42:56Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866208
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:42:16Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]], [[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]], [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[BRESHECK syndrome]], [[CARASIL]], [[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]], [[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]], [[Dubowitz syndrome]], [[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]], [[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]], [[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]], [[Haemochromatosis]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]], [[Hay-Wells syndrome]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], [[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]], [[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]], [[Hypotrichosis simplex]], [[Incontinentia pigmenti]], [[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]], [[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]], [[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]], [[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]], [[Monilethrix]], [[Myositis ossificans progressiva]], [[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]], [[Papular atrichia]], [[Proteus syndrome]], [[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]], [[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]], [[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]], [[Total congenital alopecia]], [[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866207
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:39:39Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Hormone changes]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866204
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:38:52Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866203
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:38:34Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vasculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Selenium]], [[Thallium]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]], [[Alopecia cicatrisata]], [[Alopecia mucinosa]], [[Discoid lupus erythematosus]], [[Erythroderma]], [[Folliculitis]], [[Folliculitis decalvans]], [[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]], [[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]], [[Pseudopelade of Brocq]], [[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[Actinomycin D]], [[Albendazole]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Birth control pills]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomifene]], [[Colchicine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cytosine arabinoside]], [[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[Danazol]], [[Daunorubicin]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Eflornithine]], [Epirubicin]], [[Etoposide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Gestrinone]], [[Heparin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Irinotecan]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Melphalan]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pixantrone]], [[Proguanil]], [[Retinoids]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Teniposide]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thiotepa]], [[Topotecan]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Tribavirin]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Vincristine]], [[Vismodegib]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866202
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:32:48Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia_causes&diff=866201
Alopecia causes
2013-04-02T15:31:46Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Overview==<br />
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved.<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.<br />
<br />
Cause of this type of hair loss are:<br />
<br />
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]]<br />
* Childbirth<br />
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss<br />
* Severe emotional stress<br />
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein<br />
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], birth control pills, [[beta-blockers]], certain [[antidepressants]], [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and [[calcium channel blockers]]<br />
<br />
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:<br />
<br />
* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.<br />
* [[Anemia]]<br />
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus<br />
* [[Burns]]<br />
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]]<br />
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying<br />
* [[Hormone]] changes<br />
* [[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing<br />
* [[Radiation therapy]]<br />
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp)<br />
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]]<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome]]<br />
*[[Aclarubicin]]<br />
*[[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex]]<br />
*[[Actinomycin D]]<br />
*[[Adenal gland tumor]]<br />
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]<br />
*[[Aging]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alopecia areata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia cicatrisata]]<br />
*[[Alopecia mucinosa]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anemia]]<br />
*[[Antidepressants]]<br />
*[[Atopic dermatitis]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]<br />
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]]<br />
*[[Beta blockers]]<br />
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Birth control pills]]<br />
*[[BRESHECK syndrome]]<br />
*[[Burns]]<br />
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]<br />
*[[Canada-Cronkhite syndrome]]<br />
*[[CARASIL]]<br />
*[[Chagas disease]]<br />
*[[Child birth]]<br />
*[[Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant]]<br />
*[[Cidofovir]]<br />
*[[Clomifene]]<br />
*[[Colchicine]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Crash diet]]<br />
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]<br />
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]]<br />
*[[Danazol]]<br />
*[[Daunorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis]]<br />
*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Dissecting cellulitis]]<br />
*[[Doxorubicin]]<br />
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]]<br />
*[[Dystrophia myotonica type 2]]<br />
*[[Eflornithine]]<br />
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia]]<br />
*[[Epirubicin]]<br />
*[[Erythroderma]]<br />
*[[Etoposide]]<br />
*[[Excessive blow-drying]]<br />
*[[Excessive shampooing]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Folliculitis decalvans]]<br />
*[[Gestrinone]]<br />
*[[Haemochromatosis]]<br />
*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)]]<br />
*[[Hay-Wells syndrome]]<br />
*[[Heparin]]<br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]]<br />
*[[High fever]]<br />
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Hormone changes]]<br />
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type]]<br />
*[[Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked]]<br />
*[[Hypopituitarism]]<br />
*[[Hypothyroidism]]<br />
*[[Hypotrichosis simplex]]<br />
*[[Idarubicin]]<br />
*[[Ifosfamide]]<br />
*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Irinotecan]]<br />
*[[Iron deficiency]]<br />
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]]<br />
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op]]<br />
*[[Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi]]<br />
*[[Lamellar ichthyosis type 2]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lepromatous leprosy]]<br />
*[[Lichen planopilaris]]<br />
*[[Lichen planus]]<br />
*[[Major illness]]<br />
*[[Major surgery]]<br />
*[[Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis]]<br />
*[[Melphalan]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methylphenidate]]<br />
*[[Mitoxantrone]]<br />
*[[Monilethrix]]<br />
*[[Myositis ossificans progressiva]]<br />
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br />
*[[NSAIDs]]<br />
*[[Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1]]<br />
*[[Ovarian tumor]]<br />
*[[Oxaliplatin]]<br />
*[[Papular atrichia]]<br />
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens]]<br />
*[[Pixantrone]]<br />
*[[Pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Proguanil]]<br />
*[[Proteus syndrome]]<br />
*[[Pseudopelade of Brocq]]<br />
*[[Pseudoprogeria syndrome]]<br />
*[[Psoriasis]]<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Retinoids]]<br />
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]]<br />
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]]<br />
*[[Secondary syphilis]]<br />
*[[Selenium]]<br />
*[[Severe emotional stress]]<br />
*[[Severe infection]]<br />
*[[Shingles]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Sudden blood loss]]<br />
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<br />
*[[Teniposide]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Testosterone]]<br />
*[[Thallium]]<br />
*[[Thiotepa]]<br />
*[[Thyroid diseases]]<br />
*[[Tinea capitis]]<br />
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]]<br />
*[[Topotecan]]<br />
*[[Total congenital alopecia]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Traction alopecia]]<br />
*[[Tribavirin]]<br />
*[[Trichotillomania]]<br />
*[[Tuberculoid leprosy]]<br />
*[[Tufted folliculitis]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Vasculitis]]<br />
*[[Vemurafenib]]<br />
*[[Vincristine]]<br />
*[[Vismodegib]]<br />
*[[Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a]]<br />
*[[Vitamin H deficiency]]<br />
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]<br />
*[[Werner syndrome]]<br />
*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]]<br />
*[[Zinc deficiency]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia&diff=866199
Alopecia
2013-04-02T15:22:18Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |<br />
Image = Alopecia.jpg|<br />
Caption = Alopecia as male pattern baldness at age 40|<br />
}}<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
'''For patient information, click [[Alopecia (patient information)|here]]'''<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} Atrichia; hair loss; bald; baldness; balding; hypotrichosis.<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia overview|Overview]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia classification|Classification]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia causes|Causes]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Alopecia from other Diseases]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
[[Alopecia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Alopecia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Alopecia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Alopecia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
[[Alopecia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Alopecia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Alopecia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Alopecia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Alopecia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]]<br />
<br />
==Case Studies==<br />
[[Alopecia case study one|Case #1]]<br />
<br />
== Acknowledgements ==<br />
The content on this page was first contributed by: Steven Wiviott, M.D.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ro:Alopecia]]<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia&diff=866198
Alopecia
2013-04-02T15:21:56Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |<br />
Image = Alopecia.jpg|<br />
Caption = Alopecia as male pattern baldness at age 40|<br />
}}<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
'''For patient information, click [[Alopecia (patient information)|here]]'''<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} Atrichia; hair loss; bald; balding; hypotrichosis.<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia overview|Overview]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia classification|Classification]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia causes|Causes]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Alopecia from other Diseases]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
[[Alopecia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Alopecia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Alopecia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Alopecia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
[[Alopecia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Alopecia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Alopecia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Alopecia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Alopecia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]]<br />
<br />
==Case Studies==<br />
[[Alopecia case study one|Case #1]]<br />
<br />
== Acknowledgements ==<br />
The content on this page was first contributed by: Steven Wiviott, M.D.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ro:Alopecia]]<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Alopecia&diff=866195
Alopecia
2013-04-02T15:17:45Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |<br />
Image = Alopecia.jpg|<br />
Caption = Alopecia as male pattern baldness at age 40|<br />
}}<br />
{{Alopecia}}<br />
'''For patient information, click [[Alopecia (patient information)|here]]'''<br />
<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
{{SK}} Atrichia; hair loss; bald; balding; baldness; hypotrichosis.<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia overview|Overview]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia classification|Classification]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia causes|Causes]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Alopecia from other Diseases]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Alopecia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
[[Alopecia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Alopecia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Alopecia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Alopecia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
[[Alopecia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Alopecia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Alopecia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Alopecia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Alopecia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]]<br />
<br />
==Case Studies==<br />
[[Alopecia case study one|Case #1]]<br />
<br />
== Acknowledgements ==<br />
The content on this page was first contributed by: Steven Wiviott, M.D.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ro:Alopecia]]<br />
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:primary care]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Prashanthsaddala&diff=866194
User:Prashanthsaddala
2013-04-02T15:14:20Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
==Current position (May 2012 to Present) ==<br />
<br />
*'''Research Fellow''' at [http://www.perfuse.org/ '''PERFUSE Study Group'''], Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.<br />
*'''Deputy Editor-In-Chief''' for WikiDoc.org<br />
*'''Certified Quantitative Coronary Angiographer''' at [http://www.perfuse.org/ '''PERFUSE Study Group'''], Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.<br />
<br />
== Major Contributions to WikiDoc ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Assosciate Editor-in-Chief''' for numerous '''WikiDoc pages'''.<br />
<br />
2. Created and edited numerous '''WikiPatient pages'''.<br />
<br />
3. Uploaded '''1500+ radiology images''' and placed them at appropriate microchapters and subheadings of respective WikiDoc pages.<br />
<br />
4. As part of the [http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Differential_diagnosis_project '''Differential diagnosis project'''], developed a complete list of causes of the following:<br />
<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[Acute pancreatitis causes|Acute pancreatitis]]<br />
*[[Gallstone disease causes|Gallstone disease]]<br />
*[[Cholestasis causes|Cholestasis]]<br />
*[[Conjunctivitis causes|Conjunctivitis]]<br />
*[[Dysphonia#Causes|Dysphonia]]<br />
*[[Exsanguination#Causes|Exsanguination]]<br />
*[[Hypernatremia causes|Hypernatremia]]<br />
*[[Hyponatremia causes|Hyponatremia]]<br />
*[[Premature ventricular contraction#Causes|Premature ventricular contraction]]<br />
*[[Premature atrial contraction#Causes|Premature atrial contraction]]<br />
*[[Palpitation#Causes|Palpitation]]<br />
*[[Sinus bradycardia#Causes|Sinus bradycardia]]<br />
*[[Ventricular tachycardia causes|Ventricular tachycardia]]<br />
*[[Hypotension causes|Hypotension]]<br />
*[[T wave inversion#Causes by Organ System|T wave inversion]]<br />
*[[Atrioventricular block causes#Causes by Organ System|Atrioventricular block]]<br />
*[[Hyperlipidemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Pneumothorax causes#Causes by Organ System|Pneumothorax]]<br />
*[[Pleural effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pleural effusion]]<br />
*[[Delusion#Causes by Organ System|Delusion]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Hypoglycemia causes#Causes by Organ System|Hypoglycemia]]<br />
*[[Uveitis causes#Causes by Organ System|Uveitis]]<br />
*[[Cyanosis causes|Cyanosis]]<br />
*[[Cystitis causes|Cystitis]]<br />
*[[Cramp]]<br />
*[[Cholecystitis causes|Cholecystitis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes insipidus causes|Diabetes insipidus]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Hypotonia#Causes|Hypotonia]]<br />
*[[Inattention#Causes|Inattention]]<br />
*[[Jaundice causes|Jaundice]]<br />
*[[Paroxysmal hypertension#Causes|Paroxysmal hypertension]]<br />
*[[Peptic ulcer causes|Peptic ulcer]]<br />
*[[Urinary hesitancy#Causes|Urinary hesitancy]]<br />
*[[Unconsciousness#Causes|Unconsciousness]]<br />
*[[Weight gain causes|Weight gain]]<br />
*[[QT prolongation#Causes by Organ System|QT prolongation]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis#Causes|Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
*[[Respiratory acidosis#Causes|Respiratory acidosis]]<br />
*[[Metabolic alkalosis#Causes|Metabolic alkalosis]]<br />
*[[Cardiomegaly causes|Cardiomegaly]]<br />
*[[Portal hypertension#Causes by Organ System|Portal Hypertension]]<br />
*[[Tracheal compression#Causes|Tracheal compression]]<br />
*[[Flushing#Causes|Flushing]]<br />
*[[Acute liver failure causes#Causes by Organ System|Acute liver failure]]<br />
*[[Hemoptysis causes#Causes by Organ System|Hemoptysis]]<br />
*[[Pericardial effusion causes#Causes by Organ System|Pericardial effusion]]<br />
*[[Bone pain#Causes by Organ System|Bone pain]]<br />
*[[Hearing impairment causes#Causes by Organ System|Hearing impairment]]<br />
*[[Purpura causes#Causes by Organ System|Purpura]]<br />
*[[Raynaud's phenomenon causes#Causes by Organ System|Raynaud's phenomenon]]<br />
*[[Peripheral arterial disease causes|Claudication/Peripheral arterial disease]]<br />
*[[Facial pain]]<br />
*[[Pericardial constriction causes|Constrictive pericarditis]]<br />
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]<br />
*[[Chronic pelvic pain]]<br />
*[[Fatty liver]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
5. Created and edited '''microchapters''' for numerous pages.</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Completed_signs_and_symptoms&diff=866193
Completed signs and symptoms
2013-04-02T15:13:55Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{col-begin}} {{ col-break}}<br />
* [[Abnormal posturing]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Abdominal angina]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal bruit]] Jacob Keane-Candib(JKC)<br />
* [[Abdominal distension]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal guarding]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Abdominal mass]] John Fani Srour (JFS)<br />
* [[Abdominal pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Accommodative insufficiency]] (BMB)<br />
* [[Acid indigestion]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Acne]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Acute bronchitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Acute liver failure]] Prashanth <br />
* [[Acute pancreatitis]] Prashanth <br />
* [[Airway obstruction]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
*[[Amaurosis fugax]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Amenorrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Amnesia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Anasarca]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Anhedonia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Anorexia (symptom)]]<br />
* [[Anosmia]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Anxiety]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Aphasia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Arthralgia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Ascites]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Aura (symptom)]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Azotemia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Back pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Beau's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Bitemporal hemianopia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Blurred vision]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Bone pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bradycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Bronchospasm]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bumps on skin]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Carcinoembryonic antigen]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cardiomegaly]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cardiomyopathy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Cervicitis]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Cholecystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cholestasis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Chronic pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Chronic pelvic pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cirrhosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Claudication]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Clinical depression]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Clubbing]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Colitis]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Coma]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Confusion]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Conjunctivitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Constipation]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cor pulmonale]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cough]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cramp]] Prashanth<br />
* [[CRP]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Cyanosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dactylitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Delusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dementia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Diabetes insipidus]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Diarrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Drug-induced hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dry mouth]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Dry skin]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Dysphonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dyspnea]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Easy bruising]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Encephalopathy]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Eosinophilia]] Lakshmi<br />
* [[Epilepsy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Epistaxis]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Exophthalmos]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Exsanguination]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Eye pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Facial pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Fatigue]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fatty liver]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Fever]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fever of unknown origin]] Naresh<br />
* [[Flushing]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Gallstone disease]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Genital ulcer]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Growth failure]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Halitosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hallucination]] Aiham<br />
* [[Headache]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hematemesis]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Hemoptysis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hearing impairment]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperactivity]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
* [[Hypercalciuria]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypernatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperkalemia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypertension]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypochloremia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hypoglycemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypokalemia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hypotension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperlipidemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyponatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypotonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Inattention]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Increased bowel sounds]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Jaundice]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Jaw pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Joint pain]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Leg pain]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Leg swelling]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Mental disorders]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Metabolic acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Metabolic alkalosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Mitral regurgitation]]<br />
* [[Mitral stenosis]]<br />
* [[Mouth sores]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Muehrcke's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Muscle weakness]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Nausea]] & [[Vomiting]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Night sweats]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Obesity]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Odynophagia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]] Kalsang Dolma<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Otalgia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Pain]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Palpitation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Paranoia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Paroxysmal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pedal edema]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Peptic ulcer]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericardial constriction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericardial effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericarditis]] Varun<br />
* [[Pleural effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pneumothorax]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Polydipsia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Portal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature atrial contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature ventricular contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Psoriatic Arthritis]] DRO<br />
* [[Purpura]] Prashanth<br />
* [[QT prolongation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rash]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Raynaud's phenomenon]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rectal bleeding]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Red Tongue]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Reduced FEV1]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Respiratory acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Respiratory failure]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sinus bradycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Sore throat]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sudden death]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Synovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tachycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tenosynovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tongue pain]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Tracheal compression]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Trousseau sign of malignancy]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[T wave inversion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urinary hesitancy]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urine odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Unconsciousness]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Uveitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vaginal discharge]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Vaginal odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Vasculitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Ventricular tachycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vertigo]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Weight loss]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Weight gain]] Prashanth<br />
|}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fatty_liver_causes&diff=865946
Fatty liver causes
2013-04-01T14:21:56Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Fatty liver}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes ==<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
Fatty liver is commonly associated with [[alcohol]] or [[metabolic syndrome]] ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]]) but can also be due to any one of many causes:<ref name="angulo">{{cite journal |author=Angulo P |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=16 |pages=1221-31 |year=2002 |pmid=11961152 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra011775}}</ref><ref name="bayard">{{cite journal |author=Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=American family physician |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1961-8 |year=2006 |pmid=16770927 |doi=}}</ref><br />
*Metabolic: [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[glycogen storage disease]]s, [[Weber-Christian disease]], [[Wolman disease|Wolmans disease]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[lipodystrophy]]<br />
*Nutritional: [[Malnutrition]], [[total parenteral nutrition]], severe [[weight loss]], [[refeeding syndrome]], [[jejuno-ileal bypass]], [[Gastric bypass surgery|gastric bypass]], jejunal [[diverticulosis]] with [[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*Drugs and toxins: [[Amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]], [[diltiazem]], [[highly active antiretroviral therapy]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[tamoxifen]], environmental [[hepatotoxin]]s (e.g. [[phosphorus]], toxic [[mushroom]])<br />
*Other: [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[HIV]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Ethanol]], [[Mushroom poisoning]], [[Phosphorous]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[Anti retroviral therapy]], [[Diltiazem]], [[Glucocorticoids]], [[Lomitapide]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Mipomersen]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Type II diabetes]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]], [[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinaemia]], [[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]], [[Citrullinemia type 2]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]], [[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]], [[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Wilson disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gastric bypass]], [[Jejunoileal bypass]], [[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatitis C]], [[HIV]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]], [[Galactosemia]], [[Glycogen storage disorders]], [[Hypertriglyceridemia]], [[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[Iron overload]], [[Kwashiorkor]], [[Lipodystrophy]], [[Malnutrition]], [[Refeeding syndrome]], [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metabolic syndrome]], [[Obesity]], [[Overnutrition]], [[Severe weight loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anti retroviral therapy]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]<br />
*[[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]]<br />
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<br />
*[[Diltiazem]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Galactosemia]]<br />
*[[Gastric bypass]]<br />
*[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
*[[Glycogen storage disorders]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis C]]<br />
*[[HIV]]<br />
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]<br />
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Iron overload]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*[[Jejunoileal bypass]]<br />
*[[Kwashiorkor]]<br />
*[[Lipodystrophy]]<br />
*[[Lomitapide]]<br />
*[[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition]]<br />
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Mipomersen]]<br />
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]<br />
*[[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]]<br />
*[[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
*[[Obesity]]<br />
*[[Overnutrition]]<br />
*[[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
*[[Phosphorous]]<br />
*[[Refeeding syndrome]]<br />
*[[Severe weight loss]]<br />
*[[Tamoxifen]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
*[[Type II diabetes]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
*[[Wilson disease]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fatty_liver_causes&diff=865945
Fatty liver causes
2013-04-01T14:21:14Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Fatty liver}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes ==<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
Fatty liver is commonly associated with [[alcohol]] or [[metabolic syndrome]] ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]]) but can also be due to any one of many causes:<ref name="angulo">{{cite journal |author=Angulo P |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=16 |pages=1221-31 |year=2002 |pmid=11961152 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra011775}}</ref><ref name="bayard">{{cite journal |author=Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=American family physician |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1961-8 |year=2006 |pmid=16770927 |doi=}}</ref><br />
*Metabolic: [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[glycogen storage disease]]s, [[Weber-Christian disease]], [[Wolman disease|Wolmans disease]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[lipodystrophy]]<br />
*Nutritional: [[Malnutrition]], [[total parenteral nutrition]], severe [[weight loss]], [[refeeding syndrome]], [[jejuno-ileal bypass]], [[Gastric bypass surgery|gastric bypass]], jejunal [[diverticulosis]] with [[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*Drugs and toxins: [[Amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]], [[diltiazem]], [[highly active antiretroviral therapy]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[tamoxifen]], environmental [[hepatotoxin]]s (e.g. [[phosphorus]], toxic [[mushroom]])<br />
*Other: [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[HIV]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Ethanol]], [[Mushroom poisoning]], [[Phosphorous]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[Anti retroviral therapy]], [[Diltiazem]], [[Glucocorticoids]], [[Lomitapide]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Valproic acid]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Type II diabetes]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]], [[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinaemia]], [[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]], [[Citrullinemia type 2]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]], [[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]], [[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Wilson disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gastric bypass]], [[Jejunoileal bypass]], [[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatitis C]], [[HIV]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]], [[Galactosemia]], [[Glycogen storage disorders]], [[Hypertriglyceridemia]], [[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[Iron overload]], [[Kwashiorkor]], [[Lipodystrophy]], [[Malnutrition]], [[Refeeding syndrome]], [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metabolic syndrome]], [[Obesity]], [[Overnutrition]], [[Severe weight loss]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anti retroviral therapy]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]<br />
*[[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]]<br />
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<br />
*[[Diltiazem]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Galactosemia]]<br />
*[[Gastric bypass]]<br />
*[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
*[[Glycogen storage disorders]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis C]]<br />
*[[HIV]]<br />
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]<br />
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Iron overload]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*[[Jejunoileal bypass]]<br />
*[[Kwashiorkor]]<br />
*[[Lipodystrophy]]<br />
*[[Lomitapide]]<br />
*[[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition]]<br />
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Mipomersen]]<br />
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]<br />
*[[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]]<br />
*[[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
*[[Obesity]]<br />
*[[Overnutrition]]<br />
*[[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
*[[Phosphorous]]<br />
*[[Refeeding syndrome]]<br />
*[[Severe weight loss]]<br />
*[[Tamoxifen]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
*[[Type II diabetes]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
*[[Wilson disease]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fatty_liver_causes&diff=865944
Fatty liver causes
2013-04-01T14:17:20Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Fatty liver}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes ==<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
Fatty liver is commonly associated with [[alcohol]] or [[metabolic syndrome]] ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]]) but can also be due to any one of many causes:<ref name="angulo">{{cite journal |author=Angulo P |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=16 |pages=1221-31 |year=2002 |pmid=11961152 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra011775}}</ref><ref name="bayard">{{cite journal |author=Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=American family physician |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1961-8 |year=2006 |pmid=16770927 |doi=}}</ref><br />
*Metabolic: [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[glycogen storage disease]]s, [[Weber-Christian disease]], [[Wolman disease|Wolmans disease]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[lipodystrophy]]<br />
*Nutritional: [[Malnutrition]], [[total parenteral nutrition]], severe [[weight loss]], [[refeeding syndrome]], [[jejuno-ileal bypass]], [[Gastric bypass surgery|gastric bypass]], jejunal [[diverticulosis]] with [[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*Drugs and toxins: [[Amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]], [[diltiazem]], [[highly active antiretroviral therapy]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[tamoxifen]], environmental [[hepatotoxin]]s (e.g. [[phosphorus]], toxic [[mushroom]])<br />
*Other: [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[HIV]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Ethanol]], [[Mushroom poisoning]], [[Phosphorous]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[Anti retroviral therapy]], [[Diltiazem]], [[Glucocorticoids]], [[Lomitapide]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Valproic acid]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Type II diabetes]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]], [[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinaemia]], [[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]], [[Citrullinemia type 2]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]], [[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]], [[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Wilson disease]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anti retroviral therapy]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]<br />
*[[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]]<br />
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<br />
*[[Diltiazem]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Galactosemia]]<br />
*[[Gastric bypass]]<br />
*[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
*[[Glycogen storage disorders]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis C]]<br />
*[[HIV]]<br />
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]<br />
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Iron overload]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*[[Jejunoileal bypass]]<br />
*[[Kwashiorkor]]<br />
*[[Lipodystrophy]]<br />
*[[Lomitapide]]<br />
*[[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition]]<br />
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Mipomersen]]<br />
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]<br />
*[[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]]<br />
*[[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
*[[Obesity]]<br />
*[[Overnutrition]]<br />
*[[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
*[[Phosphorous]]<br />
*[[Refeeding syndrome]]<br />
*[[Severe weight loss]]<br />
*[[Tamoxifen]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
*[[Type II diabetes]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
*[[Wilson disease]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fatty_liver_causes&diff=865943
Fatty liver causes
2013-04-01T14:16:24Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Fatty liver}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes ==<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
Fatty liver is commonly associated with [[alcohol]] or [[metabolic syndrome]] ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]]) but can also be due to any one of many causes:<ref name="angulo">{{cite journal |author=Angulo P |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=16 |pages=1221-31 |year=2002 |pmid=11961152 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra011775}}</ref><ref name="bayard">{{cite journal |author=Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=American family physician |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1961-8 |year=2006 |pmid=16770927 |doi=}}</ref><br />
*Metabolic: [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[glycogen storage disease]]s, [[Weber-Christian disease]], [[Wolman disease|Wolmans disease]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[lipodystrophy]]<br />
*Nutritional: [[Malnutrition]], [[total parenteral nutrition]], severe [[weight loss]], [[refeeding syndrome]], [[jejuno-ileal bypass]], [[Gastric bypass surgery|gastric bypass]], jejunal [[diverticulosis]] with [[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*Drugs and toxins: [[Amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]], [[diltiazem]], [[highly active antiretroviral therapy]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[tamoxifen]], environmental [[hepatotoxin]]s (e.g. [[phosphorus]], toxic [[mushroom]])<br />
*Other: [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[HIV]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Ethanol]], [[Mushroom poisoning]], [[Phosphorous]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[Anti retroviral therapy]], [[Diltiazem]], [[Glucocorticoids]], [[Lomitapide]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Valproic acid]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Type II diabetes]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]], [[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anti retroviral therapy]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]<br />
*[[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]]<br />
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<br />
*[[Diltiazem]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Galactosemia]]<br />
*[[Gastric bypass]]<br />
*[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
*[[Glycogen storage disorders]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis C]]<br />
*[[HIV]]<br />
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]<br />
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Iron overload]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*[[Jejunoileal bypass]]<br />
*[[Kwashiorkor]]<br />
*[[Lipodystrophy]]<br />
*[[Lomitapide]]<br />
*[[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition]]<br />
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Mipomersen]]<br />
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]<br />
*[[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]]<br />
*[[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
*[[Obesity]]<br />
*[[Overnutrition]]<br />
*[[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
*[[Phosphorous]]<br />
*[[Refeeding syndrome]]<br />
*[[Severe weight loss]]<br />
*[[Tamoxifen]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
*[[Type II diabetes]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
*[[Wilson disease]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fatty_liver_causes&diff=865942
Fatty liver causes
2013-04-01T14:15:23Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Fatty liver}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes ==<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
Fatty liver is commonly associated with [[alcohol]] or [[metabolic syndrome]] ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]]) but can also be due to any one of many causes:<ref name="angulo">{{cite journal |author=Angulo P |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=16 |pages=1221-31 |year=2002 |pmid=11961152 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra011775}}</ref><ref name="bayard">{{cite journal |author=Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=American family physician |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1961-8 |year=2006 |pmid=16770927 |doi=}}</ref><br />
*Metabolic: [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[glycogen storage disease]]s, [[Weber-Christian disease]], [[Wolman disease|Wolmans disease]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[lipodystrophy]]<br />
*Nutritional: [[Malnutrition]], [[total parenteral nutrition]], severe [[weight loss]], [[refeeding syndrome]], [[jejuno-ileal bypass]], [[Gastric bypass surgery|gastric bypass]], jejunal [[diverticulosis]] with [[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*Drugs and toxins: [[Amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]], [[diltiazem]], [[highly active antiretroviral therapy]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[tamoxifen]], environmental [[hepatotoxin]]s (e.g. [[phosphorus]], toxic [[mushroom]])<br />
*Other: [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[HIV]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Ethanol]], [[Mushroom poisoning]], [[Phosphorous]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[Anti retroviral therapy]], [[Diltiazem]], [[Glucocorticoids]], [[Lomitapide]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Valproic acid]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Type II diabetes]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anti retroviral therapy]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]<br />
*[[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]]<br />
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<br />
*[[Diltiazem]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Galactosemia]]<br />
*[[Gastric bypass]]<br />
*[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
*[[Glycogen storage disorders]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis C]]<br />
*[[HIV]]<br />
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]<br />
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Iron overload]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*[[Jejunoileal bypass]]<br />
*[[Kwashiorkor]]<br />
*[[Lipodystrophy]]<br />
*[[Lomitapide]]<br />
*[[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition]]<br />
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Mipomersen]]<br />
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]<br />
*[[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]]<br />
*[[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
*[[Obesity]]<br />
*[[Overnutrition]]<br />
*[[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
*[[Phosphorous]]<br />
*[[Refeeding syndrome]]<br />
*[[Severe weight loss]]<br />
*[[Tamoxifen]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
*[[Type II diabetes]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
*[[Wilson disease]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fatty_liver_causes&diff=865941
Fatty liver causes
2013-04-01T14:08:48Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Fatty liver}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes ==<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
Fatty liver is commonly associated with [[alcohol]] or [[metabolic syndrome]] ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]]) but can also be due to any one of many causes:<ref name="angulo">{{cite journal |author=Angulo P |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=16 |pages=1221-31 |year=2002 |pmid=11961152 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra011775}}</ref><ref name="bayard">{{cite journal |author=Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=American family physician |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1961-8 |year=2006 |pmid=16770927 |doi=}}</ref><br />
*Metabolic: [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[glycogen storage disease]]s, [[Weber-Christian disease]], [[Wolman disease|Wolmans disease]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[lipodystrophy]]<br />
*Nutritional: [[Malnutrition]], [[total parenteral nutrition]], severe [[weight loss]], [[refeeding syndrome]], [[jejuno-ileal bypass]], [[Gastric bypass surgery|gastric bypass]], jejunal [[diverticulosis]] with [[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*Drugs and toxins: [[Amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]], [[diltiazem]], [[highly active antiretroviral therapy]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[tamoxifen]], environmental [[hepatotoxin]]s (e.g. [[phosphorus]], toxic [[mushroom]])<br />
*Other: [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[HIV]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anti retroviral therapy]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]<br />
*[[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]]<br />
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<br />
*[[Diltiazem]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Galactosemia]]<br />
*[[Gastric bypass]]<br />
*[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
*[[Glycogen storage disorders]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis C]]<br />
*[[HIV]]<br />
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]<br />
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Iron overload]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*[[Jejunoileal bypass]]<br />
*[[Kwashiorkor]]<br />
*[[Lipodystrophy]]<br />
*[[Lomitapide]]<br />
*[[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition]]<br />
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Mipomersen]]<br />
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]<br />
*[[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]]<br />
*[[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
*[[Obesity]]<br />
*[[Overnutrition]]<br />
*[[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
*[[Phosphorous]]<br />
*[[Refeeding syndrome]]<br />
*[[Severe weight loss]]<br />
*[[Tamoxifen]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
*[[Type II diabetes]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
*[[Wilson disease]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fatty_liver_causes&diff=865939
Fatty liver causes
2013-04-01T14:01:49Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Fatty liver}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==Causes ==<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
Fatty liver is commonly associated with [[alcohol]] or [[metabolic syndrome]] ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]]) but can also be due to any one of many causes:<ref name="angulo">{{cite journal |author=Angulo P |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=16 |pages=1221-31 |year=2002 |pmid=11961152 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra011775}}</ref><ref name="bayard">{{cite journal |author=Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |journal=American family physician |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1961-8 |year=2006 |pmid=16770927 |doi=}}</ref><br />
*Metabolic: [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[glycogen storage disease]]s, [[Weber-Christian disease]], [[Wolman disease|Wolmans disease]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[lipodystrophy]]<br />
*Nutritional: [[Malnutrition]], [[total parenteral nutrition]], severe [[weight loss]], [[refeeding syndrome]], [[jejuno-ileal bypass]], [[Gastric bypass surgery|gastric bypass]], jejunal [[diverticulosis]] with [[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*Drugs and toxins: [[Amiodarone]], [[methotrexate]], [[diltiazem]], [[highly active antiretroviral therapy]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[tamoxifen]], environmental [[hepatotoxin]]s (e.g. [[phosphorus]], toxic [[mushroom]])<br />
*Other: [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[HIV]]<br />
<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]<br />
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Anti retroviral therapy]]<br />
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<br />
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]<br />
*[[Chanarin-Dorfman disease]]<br />
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]]<br />
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<br />
*[[Diltiazem]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]<br />
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Galactosemia]]<br />
*[[Gastric bypass]]<br />
*[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
*[[Glycogen storage disorders]]<br />
*[[Hepatitis C]]<br />
*[[HIV]]<br />
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]<br />
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Iron overload]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Jejunal diverticulosis with bacterial overgrowth]]<br />
*[[Jejunoileal bypass]]<br />
*[[Kwashiorkor]]<br />
*[[Lipodystrophy]]<br />
*[[Lomitapide]]<br />
*[[Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition]]<br />
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Metabolic syndrome]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Mipomersen]]<br />
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]<br />
*[[Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy]]<br />
*[[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]]<br />
*[[Obesity]]<br />
*[[Overnutrition]]<br />
*[[Patent ductus venosus]]<br />
*[[Phosphorous]]<br />
*[[Refeeding syndrome]]<br />
*[[Severe weight loss]]<br />
*[[Tamoxifen]]<br />
*[[Tetracycline]]<br />
*[[Total parenteral nutrition]]<br />
*[[Type II diabetes]]<br />
*[[Tyrosinemia]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]<br />
*[[Weber-Christian disease]]<br />
*[[Wilson disease]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Needs overview]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Drug-induced_hepatitis&diff=865767
Drug-induced hepatitis
2013-03-29T19:10:01Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
'''For patient information click [[Drug-induced hepatitis (patient information)|here]].'''<br />
{{Drug-induced hepatitis}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
==[[Drug-induced hepatitis overview|Overview]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Drug-induced hepatitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Drug-induced hepatitis causes|Causes]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Drug-induced hepatitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Drug-induced Hepatitis from other Diseases]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Drug-induced hepatitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Drug-induced hepatitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==<br />
<br />
==[[Drug-induced hepatitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
<br />
[[Drug-induced hepatitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis CT|CT]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
<br />
[[Drug-induced hepatitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis prevention|Prevention]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Drug-induced hepatitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]<br />
<br />
==Case Studies==<br />
[[Drug-induced hepatitis case study one|Case #1]]<br />
<br />
==Related Chapters==<br />
* [[Hepatotoxicity]]<br />
* [[Jaundice]]<br />
* [[Hepatitis]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Completed_signs_and_symptoms&diff=865766
Completed signs and symptoms
2013-03-29T19:09:16Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{col-begin}} {{ col-break}}<br />
* [[Abnormal posturing]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Abdominal angina]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal bruit]] Jacob Keane-Candib(JKC)<br />
* [[Abdominal distension]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal guarding]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Abdominal mass]] John Fani Srour (JFS)<br />
* [[Abdominal pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Accommodative insufficiency]] (BMB)<br />
* [[Acid indigestion]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Acne]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Acute bronchitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Acute liver failure]] Prashanth Saddala <br />
* [[Acute pancreatitis]] Prashanth Saddala <br />
* [[Airway obstruction]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
*[[Amaurosis fugax]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Amenorrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Amnesia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Anasarca]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Anhedonia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Anorexia (symptom)]]<br />
* [[Anosmia]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Anxiety]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Aphasia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Arthralgia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Ascites]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Aura (symptom)]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Azotemia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Back pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Beau's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Bitemporal hemianopia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Blurred vision]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Bone pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bradycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Bronchospasm]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bumps on skin]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Carcinoembryonic antigen]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cardiomegaly]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cardiomyopathy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Cervicitis]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Cholecystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cholestasis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Chronic pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Chronic pelvic pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cirrhosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Claudication]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Clinical depression]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Clubbing]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Colitis]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Coma]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Confusion]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Conjunctivitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Constipation]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cor pulmonale]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cough]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cramp]] Prashanth<br />
* [[CRP]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Cyanosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dactylitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Delusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dementia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Diabetes insipidus]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Diarrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Drug-induced hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dry mouth]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Dry skin]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Dysphonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dyspnea]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Easy bruising]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Encephalopathy]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Eosinophilia]] Lakshmi<br />
* [[Epilepsy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Epistaxis]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Exophthalmos]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Exsanguination]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Eye pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Facial pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Fatigue]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fever]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fever of unknown origin]] Naresh<br />
* [[Flushing]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Gallstone disease]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Genital ulcer]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Growth failure]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Halitosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hallucination]] Aiham<br />
* [[Headache]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hematemesis]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Hemoptysis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hearing impairment]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperactivity]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
* [[Hypercalciuria]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypernatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperkalemia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypertension]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypochloremia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hypoglycemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypokalemia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hypotension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperlipidemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyponatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypotonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Inattention]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Increased bowel sounds]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Jaundice]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Jaw pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Joint pain]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Leg pain]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Leg swelling]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Mental disorders]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Metabolic acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Metabolic alkalosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Mitral regurgitation]]<br />
* [[Mitral stenosis]]<br />
* [[Mouth sores]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Muehrcke's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Muscle weakness]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Nausea]] & [[Vomiting]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Night sweats]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Obesity]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Odynophagia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]] Kalsang Dolma<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Otalgia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Pain]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Palpitation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Paranoia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Paroxysmal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pedal edema]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Peptic ulcer]] Prashanth<br />
<br />
* [[Pericardial constriction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericardial effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericarditis]] Varun<br />
* [[Pleural effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pneumothorax]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Polydipsia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Portal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature atrial contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature ventricular contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Psoriatic Arthritis]] DRO<br />
* [[Purpura]] Prashanth<br />
* [[QT prolongation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rash]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Raynaud's phenomenon]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rectal bleeding]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Red Tongue]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Reduced FEV1]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Respiratory acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Respiratory failure]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sinus bradycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Sore throat]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sudden death]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Synovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tachycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tenosynovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tongue pain]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Tracheal compression]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Trousseau sign of malignancy]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[T wave inversion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urinary hesitancy]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urine odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Unconsciousness]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Uveitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vaginal discharge]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Vaginal odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Vasculitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Ventricular tachycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vertigo]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Weight loss]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Weight gain]] Prashanth<br />
|}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Completed_signs_and_symptoms&diff=865765
Completed signs and symptoms
2013-03-29T19:08:39Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{col-begin}} {{ col-break}}<br />
* [[Abnormal posturing]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Abdominal angina]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal bruit]] Jacob Keane-Candib(JKC)<br />
* [[Abdominal distension]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Abdominal guarding]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Abdominal mass]] John Fani Srour (JFS)<br />
* [[Abdominal pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Accommodative insufficiency]] (BMB)<br />
* [[Acid indigestion]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Acne]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Acute bronchitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Acute liver failure]] Prashanth Saddala <br />
* [[Acute pancreatitis]] Prashanth Saddala <br />
* [[Airway obstruction]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
*[[Amaurosis fugax]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Amenorrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Amnesia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Anasarca]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Anhedonia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Anorexia (symptom)]]<br />
* [[Anosmia]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Anxiety]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Aphasia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Arthralgia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Ascites]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Aura (symptom)]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Azotemia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Back pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Beau's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Bitemporal hemianopia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Blurred vision]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Bone pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bradycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Bronchospasm]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Bumps on skin]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Carcinoembryonic antigen]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cardiomegaly]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cardiomyopathy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Cervicitis]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Cholecystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cholestasis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Chronic pain]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Chronic pelvic pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cirrhosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Claudication]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Clinical depression]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Clubbing]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Colitis]] Maham Khan<br />
* [[Coma]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Confusion]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Conjunctivitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Constipation]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cor pulmonale]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Cough]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Cramp]] Prashanth<br />
* [[CRP]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Cyanosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Cystitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dactylitis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Delusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dementia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Diabetes insipidus]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Diarrhea]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Drug induced hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dry mouth]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Dry skin]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Dysphonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Dyspnea]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Easy bruising]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Encephalopathy]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Eosinophilia]] Lakshmi<br />
* [[Epilepsy]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Epistaxis]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Exophthalmos]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Exsanguination]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Eye pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Facial pain]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Fatigue]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fever]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Fever of unknown origin]] Naresh<br />
* [[Flushing]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Gallstone disease]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Genital ulcer]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Growth failure]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Halitosis]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hallucination]] Aiham<br />
* [[Headache]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hematemesis]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Hemoptysis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hearing impairment]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hepatitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperactivity]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* [[Hypercalcemia]]<br />
* [[Hypercalciuria]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypernatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperkalemia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypertension]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Hypochloremia]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Hypoglycemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypokalemia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Hypotension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyperlipidemia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hyponatremia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Hypotonia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Inattention]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Increased bowel sounds]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Jaundice]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Jaw pain]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Joint pain]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Leg pain]] Raviteja and Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Leg swelling]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Mental disorders]] Marcelo Zacarkim<br />
* [[Metabolic acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Metabolic alkalosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Mitral regurgitation]]<br />
* [[Mitral stenosis]]<br />
* [[Mouth sores]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Muehrcke's lines]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Muscle weakness]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Nausea]] & [[Vomiting]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Night sweats]] C.Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Obesity]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Odynophagia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Osteomyelitis]] Kalsang Dolma<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Otalgia]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Pain]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Palpitation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Paranoia]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Paroxysmal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pedal edema]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Peptic ulcer]] Prashanth<br />
<br />
* [[Pericardial constriction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericardial effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pericarditis]] Varun<br />
* [[Pleural effusion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Pneumothorax]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Polydipsia]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[Portal hypertension]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature atrial contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Premature ventricular contraction]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Psoriatic Arthritis]] DRO<br />
* [[Purpura]] Prashanth<br />
* [[QT prolongation]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rash]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Raynaud's phenomenon]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Rectal bleeding]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Red Tongue]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Reduced FEV1]] Aditya Govindavarjhulla<br />
* [[Respiratory acidosis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Respiratory failure]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sinus bradycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Sore throat]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Sudden death]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Synovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tachycardia]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tenosynovitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Tongue pain]] C. Michael Gibson<br />
* [[Tracheal compression]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Trousseau sign of malignancy]] John Fani Srour<br />
* [[T wave inversion]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urinary hesitancy]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Urine odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Unconsciousness]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Uveitis]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vaginal discharge]] Shankar Kumar<br />
* [[Vaginal odor]] Raviteja<br />
* [[Vasculitis]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Ventricular tachycardia]] Prashanth<br />
* [[Vertigo]] Hilda Mahmoudi<br />
* [[Weight loss]] M.Umar Tariq<br />
* [[Weight gain]] Prashanth<br />
|}</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Drug_induced_liver_injury_causes&diff=865764
Drug induced liver injury causes
2013-03-29T17:30:55Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Drug-induced hepatitis}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[5-Azacytidine]], [[Abacavir]], [[Abiraterone]], [[Agomelatine]], [[Albendazole]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Altretamine]], [[Amineptine]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amitriptyline]], [[Amoxicillin]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Amprenavir]], [[Anabolic steroids]], [[Antituberculosis drugs]], [[Apixaban]], [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[Asafetida]], [[Asparaginase]], [[Atorvastatin]], [[Atovaquone]], [[Azathioprine]], [[Benoxaprofen]], [[Bexarotene]], [[Black cohosh extract]], [[Bosentan]], [[Bosutinib]], [[Bromfenac]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Carfilzomib]], [[Cascara]], [[Caspofungin]], [[Chaparral]], [[Chenodeoxycholic acid]], [[Chlormezanone]], [[Chlorzoxazone]], [[Ciprofloxacin]], [[Clofarabine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Comfrey]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cyclobenzaprine]], [[Dantrolene]], [[Daptomycin]], [[Dasatinib]], [[Deferasirox]], [[Desipramine]], [[Diclofenac]], [[Disulfiram]], [[Docetaxel]], [[Donepezil]], [[Dothiepin]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Eltrombopag]], [[Emtricitabine]], [[Entecavir]], [[Ephedra]], [[Erlotinib]], [[Erythromycin estolate]], [[Ethanol]], [[Ethinylestradiol]], [[Ethionamide]], [[Etretinate]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Felbamate]], [[Fenofibrate]], [[Fingolimod]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Flucytosine]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Flutamide]], [[Fluvastatin]], [[Fosamprenavir]], [[Frusemide]], [[Fusidic acid]], [[Ganciclovir]], [[Gemcitabine]], [[Gemtuzumab ozogamicin]], [[Gold salts]], [[Golimumab]], [[Halothane]], [[Imatinib mesylate]], [[Imipenem]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Interferon beta]], [[Interleukin 2]], [[Ipilimumab]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Isotretinoin]], [[Kava root extract]], [[Ketoconazole]], [[Lapatinib ditosylate]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Lovastatin]], [[Maraviroc]], [[Meropenem]], [[Mesalazine]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Methyldopate]], [[Micafungin]], [[Minocycline]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Mithramycin]], [[Naltrexone]], [[Nandrolone]], [[Natalizumab]], [[Nelfinavir]], [[Nevirapine]], [[Niacin]], [[Nicotinic acid]], [[Nimesulide]], [[Nitisinone]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Norfloxacin]], [[Nortriptyline]], [[Ondansetron]], [[Oxyphenisatine]], [[Paclitaxel]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Paracetamol]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pegvisomant]], [[Pemoline]], [[Pentostatin]], [[Phenelzine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Pralatrexate]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propylthiouracil]], [[Prothionamide]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[Pyritinol]], [[Pyrrolizidine alkaloids]], [[Regorafenib]], [[Rifabutin]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Riluzole]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Rivaroxaban]], [[Rosuvastatin]], [[Saquinavir]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Sitaxentan]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Statins]], [[Succimer]], [[Suloctidil]], [[Sulphasalazine]], [[Sulphinpyrazone]], [[Tegafur]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Thiabendazole]], [[Thioguanine]], [[Ticlopidine]], [[Tipranavir]], [[Tizanidine]], [[Tolbutamide]], [[Tolcapone]], [[Tolrestat]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Troglitazone]], [[Trovafloxacin]], [[Ursodeoxycholic acid]], [[Valganciclovir]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Velnacrine]], [[Verapamil]], [[Voriconazole]], [[Ximelagatran]], [[Zotepine]], [[Alcohol]], [[Carbimazole]], [[Phenothiazines]], [[Clofibrate]], [[Tetracyclines]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{MultiCol}}<br />
*[[5-Azacytidine]]<br />
*[[Abacavir]]<br />
*[[Abiraterone]]<br />
*[[Agomelatine]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Altretamine]]<br />
*[[Amineptine]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Amitriptyline]]<br />
*[[Amoxicillin]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Amprenavir]]<br />
*[[Anabolic steroids]]<br />
*[[Antituberculosis drugs]]<br />
*[[Apixaban]]<br />
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]<br />
*[[Asafetida]]<br />
*[[Asparaginase]]<br />
*[[Atorvastatin]]<br />
*[[Atovaquone]]<br />
*[[Azathioprine]]<br />
*[[Benoxaprofen]]<br />
*[[Bexarotene]]<br />
*[[Black cohosh extract]]<br />
*[[Bosentan]]<br />
*[[Bosutinib]]<br />
*[[Bromfenac]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Carbimazole]]<br />
*[[Carfilzomib]]<br />
*[[Cascara]]<br />
*[[Caspofungin]]<br />
*[[Chaparral]]<br />
*[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]<br />
*[[Chlormezanone]]<br />
*[[Chlorzoxazone]]<br />
*[[Ciprofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Clofarabine]]<br />
*[[Clofibrate]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Comfrey]]<br />
*[[Crizotinib]]<br />
*[[Cyclobenzaprine]]<br />
*[[Dantrolene]]<br />
*[[Daptomycin]]<br />
*[[Dasatinib]]<br />
*[[Deferasirox]]<br />
*[[Desipramine]]<br />
*[[Diclofenac]]<br />
*[[Disulfiram]]<br />
*[[Docetaxel]]<br />
*[[Donepezil]]<br />
*[[Dothiepin]]<br />
*[[Dronedarone]]<br />
*[[Eltrombopag]]<br />
*[[Emtricitabine]]<br />
*[[Entecavir]]<br />
*[[Ephedra]]<br />
*[[Erlotinib]]<br />
*[[Erythromycin estolate]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Ethinylestradiol]]<br />
*[[Ethionamide]]<br />
*[[Etretinate]]<br />
*[[Febuxostat]]<br />
*[[Felbamate]]<br />
*[[Fenofibrate]]<br />
*[[Fingolimod]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Flucytosine]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Flutamide]]<br />
*[[Fluvastatin]]<br />
*[[Fosamprenavir]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Fusidic acid]]<br />
*[[Ganciclovir]]<br />
*[[Gemcitabine]]<br />
*[[Gemtuzumab ozogamicin]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Golimumab]]<br />
*[[Halothane]]<br />
*[[Imatinib mesylate]]<br />
*[[Imipenem]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
*[[Interferon beta]]<br />
*[[Interleukin 2]]<br />
*[[Ipilimumab]]<br />
*[[Isoniazid]]<br />
{{ColBreak}}<br />
*[[Isotretinoin]]<br />
*[[Kava root extract]]<br />
*[[Ketoconazole]]<br />
*[[Lapatinib ditosylate]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lovastatin]]<br />
*[[Maraviroc]]<br />
*[[Meropenem]]<br />
*[[Mesalazine]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methyldopa]]<br />
*[[Methyldopate]]<br />
*[[Micafungin]]<br />
*[[Minocycline]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Mithramycin]]<br />
*[[Naltrexone]]<br />
*[[Nandrolone]]<br />
*[[Natalizumab]]<br />
*[[Nelfinavir]]<br />
*[[Nevirapine]]<br />
*[[Niacin]]<br />
*[[Nicotinic acid]]<br />
*[[Nimesulide]]<br />
*[[Nitisinone]]<br />
*[[Nitrofurantoin]]<br />
*[[Norfloxacin]]<br />
*[[Nortriptyline]]<br />
*[[Ondansetron]]<br />
*[[Oxyphenisatine]]<br />
*[[Paclitaxel]]<br />
*[[Para-amino salicylic acid]]<br />
*[[Paracetamol]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Pegvisomant]]<br />
*[[Pemoline]]<br />
*[[Pentostatin]]<br />
*[[Phenelzine]]<br />
*[[Phenothiazines]]<br />
*[[Phenylbutazone]]<br />
*[[Phenytoin]]<br />
*[[Pralatrexate]]<br />
*[[Pravastatin]]<br />
*[[Procainamide]]<br />
*[[Propylthiouracil]]<br />
*[[Prothionamide]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Pyritinol]]<br />
*[[Pyrrolizidine alkaloids]]<br />
*[[Regorafenib]]<br />
*[[Rifabutin]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Riluzole]]<br />
*[[Ritonavir]]<br />
*[[Rivaroxaban]]<br />
*[[Rosuvastatin]]<br />
*[[Saquinavir]]<br />
*[[Simvastatin]]<br />
*[[Sitaxentan]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Statins]]<br />
*[[Succimer]]<br />
*[[Suloctidil]]<br />
*[[Sulphasalazine]]<br />
*[[Sulphinpyrazone]]<br />
*[[Tegafur]]<br />
*[[Telithromycin]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Tetracyclines]]<br />
*[[Thiabendazole]]<br />
*[[Thioguanine]]<br />
*[[Ticlopidine]]<br />
*[[Tipranavir]]<br />
*[[Tizanidine]]<br />
*[[Tolbutamide]]<br />
*[[Tolcapone]]<br />
*[[Tolrestat]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Troglitazone]]<br />
*[[Trovafloxacin]]<br />
*[[Ursodeoxycholic acid]]<br />
*[[Valganciclovir]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Velnacrine]]<br />
*[[Verapamil]]<br />
*[[Voriconazole]]<br />
*[[Ximelagatran]]<br />
*[[Zotepine]]<br />
{{EndMultiCol}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Drug_induced_liver_injury_causes&diff=865763
Drug induced liver injury causes
2013-03-29T17:23:18Z
<p>Prashanthsaddala: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Drug-induced hepatitis}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Causes by Organ System===<br />
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[5-Azacytidine]], [[Abacavir]], [[Abiraterone]], [[Agomelatine]], [[Albendazole]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Altretamine]], [[Amineptine]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amitriptyline]], [[Amoxicillin]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Amprenavir]], [[Anabolic steroids]], [[Antituberculosis drugs]], [[Apixaban]], [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[Asafetida]], [[Asparaginase]], [[Atorvastatin]], [[Atovaquone]], [[Azathioprine]], [[Benoxaprofen]], [[Bexarotene]], [[Black cohosh extract]], [[Bosentan]], [[Bosutinib]], [[Bromfenac]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Carfilzomib]], [[Cascara]], [[Caspofungin]], [[Chaparral]], [[Chenodeoxycholic acid]], [[Chlormezanone]], [[Chlorzoxazone]], [[Ciprofloxacin]], [[Clofarabine]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Comfrey]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cyclobenzaprine]], [[Dantrolene]], [[Daptomycin]], [[Dasatinib]], [[Deferasirox]], [[Desipramine]], [[Diclofenac]], [[Disulfiram]], [[Docetaxel]], [[Donepezil]], [[Dothiepin]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Eltrombopag]], [[Emtricitabine]], [[Entecavir]], [[Ephedra]], [[Erlotinib]], [[Erythromycin estolate]], [[Ethanol]], [[Ethinylestradiol]], [[Ethionamide]], [[Etretinate]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Felbamate]], [[Fenofibrate]], [[Fingolimod]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Flucytosine]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Flutamide]], [[Fluvastatin]], [[Fosamprenavir]], [[Frusemide]], [[Fusidic acid]], [[Ganciclovir]], [[Gemcitabine]], [[Gemtuzumab ozogamicin]], [[Gold salts]], [[Golimumab]], [[Halothane]], [[Imatinib mesylate]], [[Imipenem]], [[Interferon alpha]], [[Interferon beta]], [[Interleukin 2]], [[Ipilimumab]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Isotretinoin]], [[Kava root extract]], [[Ketoconazole]], [[Lapatinib ditosylate]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Lovastatin]], [[Maraviroc]], [[Meropenem]], [[Mesalazine]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Methyldopate]], [[Micafungin]], [[Minocycline]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Mithramycin]], [[Naltrexone]], [[Nandrolone]], [[Natalizumab]], [[Nelfinavir]], [[Nevirapine]], [[Niacin]], [[Nicotinic acid]], [[Nimesulide]], [[Nitisinone]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Norfloxacin]], [[Nortriptyline]], [[Ondansetron]], [[Oxyphenisatine]], [[Paclitaxel]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Paracetamol]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pegvisomant]], [[Pemoline]], [[Pentostatin]], [[Phenelzine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Pralatrexate]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propylthiouracil]], [[Prothionamide]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[Pyritinol]], [[Pyrrolizidine alkaloids]], [[Regorafenib]], [[Rifabutin]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Riluzole]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Rivaroxaban]], [[Rosuvastatin]], [[Saquinavir]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Sitaxentan]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Statins]], [[Succimer]], [[Suloctidil]], [[Sulphasalazine]], [[Sulphinpyrazone]], [[Tegafur]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Teriflunomide]], [[Thiabendazole]], [[Thioguanine]], [[Ticlopidine]], [[Tipranavir]], [[Tizanidine]], [[Tolbutamide]], [[Tolcapone]], [[Tolrestat]], [[Trabectedin]], [[Troglitazone]], [[Trovafloxacin]], [[Ursodeoxycholic acid]], [[Valganciclovir]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Velnacrine]], [[Verapamil]], [[Voriconazole]], [[Ximelagatran]], [[Zotepine]], [[Alcohol]], [[Carbimazole]], [[Phenothiazines]], [[Clofibrate]], [[Tetracyclines]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
*[[5-Azacytidine]]<br />
*[[Abacavir]]<br />
*[[Abiraterone]]<br />
*[[Agomelatine]]<br />
*[[Albendazole]]<br />
*[[Alcohol]]<br />
*[[Allopurinol]]<br />
*[[Altretamine]]<br />
*[[Amineptine]]<br />
*[[Amiodarone]]<br />
*[[Amitriptyline]]<br />
*[[Amoxicillin]]<br />
*[[Amphotericin B]]<br />
*[[Amprenavir]]<br />
*[[Anabolic steroids]]<br />
*[[Antituberculosis drugs]]<br />
*[[Apixaban]]<br />
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]<br />
*[[Asafetida]]<br />
*[[Asparaginase]]<br />
*[[Atorvastatin]]<br />
*[[Atovaquone]]<br />
*[[Azathioprine]]<br />
*[[Benoxaprofen]]<br />
*[[Bexarotene]]<br />
*[[Black cohosh extract]]<br />
*[[Bosentan]]<br />
*[[Bosutinib]]<br />
*[[Bromfenac]]<br />
*[[Bumetanide]]<br />
*[[Carbimazole]]<br />
*[[Carfilzomib]]<br />
*[[Cascara]]<br />
*[[Caspofungin]]<br />
*[[Chaparral]]<br />
*[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]<br />
*[[Chlormezanone]]<br />
*[[Chlorzoxazone]]<br />
*[[Ciprofloxacin]]<br />
*[[Clofarabine]]<br />
*[[Clofibrate]]<br />
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]<br />
*[[Comfrey]]<br />
*[[Crizotinib]]<br />
*[[Cyclobenzaprine]]<br />
*[[Dantrolene]]<br />
*[[Daptomycin]]<br />
*[[Dasatinib]]<br />
*[[Deferasirox]]<br />
*[[Desipramine]]<br />
*[[Diclofenac]]<br />
*[[Disulfiram]]<br />
*[[Docetaxel]]<br />
*[[Donepezil]]<br />
*[[Dothiepin]]<br />
*[[Dronedarone]]<br />
*[[Eltrombopag]]<br />
*[[Emtricitabine]]<br />
*[[Entecavir]]<br />
*[[Ephedra]]<br />
*[[Erlotinib]]<br />
*[[Erythromycin estolate]]<br />
*[[Ethanol]]<br />
*[[Ethinylestradiol]]<br />
*[[Ethionamide]]<br />
*[[Etretinate]]<br />
*[[Febuxostat]]<br />
*[[Felbamate]]<br />
*[[Fenofibrate]]<br />
*[[Fingolimod]]<br />
*[[Fluconazole]]<br />
*[[Flucytosine]]<br />
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]<br />
*[[Flutamide]]<br />
*[[Fluvastatin]]<br />
*[[Fosamprenavir]]<br />
*[[Frusemide]]<br />
*[[Fusidic acid]]<br />
*[[Ganciclovir]]<br />
*[[Gemcitabine]]<br />
*[[Gemtuzumab ozogamicin]]<br />
*[[Gold salts]]<br />
*[[Golimumab]]<br />
*[[Halothane]]<br />
*[[Imatinib mesylate]]<br />
*[[Imipenem]]<br />
*[[Interferon alpha]]<br />
*[[Interferon beta]]<br />
*[[Interleukin 2]]<br />
*[[Ipilimumab]]<br />
*[[Isoniazid]]<br />
*[[Isotretinoin]]<br />
*[[Kava root extract]]<br />
*[[Ketoconazole]]<br />
*[[Lapatinib ditosylate]]<br />
*[[Leflunomide]]<br />
*[[Lovastatin]]<br />
*[[Maraviroc]]<br />
*[[Meropenem]]<br />
*[[Mesalazine]]<br />
*[[Methotrexate]]<br />
*[[Methyldopa]]<br />
*[[Methyldopate]]<br />
*[[Micafungin]]<br />
*[[Minocycline]]<br />
*[[Mirtazapine]]<br />
*[[Mithramycin]]<br />
*[[Naltrexone]]<br />
*[[Nandrolone]]<br />
*[[Natalizumab]]<br />
*[[Nelfinavir]]<br />
*[[Nevirapine]]<br />
*[[Niacin]]<br />
*[[Nicotinic acid]]<br />
*[[Nimesulide]]<br />
*[[Nitisinone]]<br />
*[[Nitrofurantoin]]<br />
*[[Norfloxacin]]<br />
*[[Nortriptyline]]<br />
*[[Ondansetron]]<br />
*[[Oxyphenisatine]]<br />
*[[Paclitaxel]]<br />
*[[Para-amino salicylic acid]]<br />
*[[Paracetamol]]<br />
*[[Pazopanib]]<br />
*[[Pegvisomant]]<br />
*[[Pemoline]]<br />
*[[Pentostatin]]<br />
*[[Phenelzine]]<br />
*[[Phenothiazines]]<br />
*[[Phenylbutazone]]<br />
*[[Phenytoin]]<br />
*[[Pralatrexate]]<br />
*[[Pravastatin]]<br />
*[[Procainamide]]<br />
*[[Propylthiouracil]]<br />
*[[Prothionamide]]<br />
*[[Pyrazinamide]]<br />
*[[Pyritinol]]<br />
*[[Pyrrolizidine alkaloids]]<br />
*[[Regorafenib]]<br />
*[[Rifabutin]]<br />
*[[Rifampicin]]<br />
*[[Riluzole]]<br />
*[[Ritonavir]]<br />
*[[Rivaroxaban]]<br />
*[[Rosuvastatin]]<br />
*[[Saquinavir]]<br />
*[[Simvastatin]]<br />
*[[Sitaxentan]]<br />
*[[Sorafenib]]<br />
*[[Stanozolol]]<br />
*[[Statins]]<br />
*[[Succimer]]<br />
*[[Suloctidil]]<br />
*[[Sulphasalazine]]<br />
*[[Sulphinpyrazone]]<br />
*[[Tegafur]]<br />
*[[Telithromycin]]<br />
*[[Teriflunomide]]<br />
*[[Tetracyclines]]<br />
*[[Thiabendazole]]<br />
*[[Thioguanine]]<br />
*[[Ticlopidine]]<br />
*[[Tipranavir]]<br />
*[[Tizanidine]]<br />
*[[Tolbutamide]]<br />
*[[Tolcapone]]<br />
*[[Tolrestat]]<br />
*[[Trabectedin]]<br />
*[[Troglitazone]]<br />
*[[Trovafloxacin]]<br />
*[[Ursodeoxycholic acid]]<br />
*[[Valganciclovir]]<br />
*[[Valproic acid]]<br />
*[[Velnacrine]]<br />
*[[Verapamil]]<br />
*[[Voriconazole]]<br />
*[[Ximelagatran]]<br />
*[[Zotepine]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
[[Category:Needs content]]<br />
[[Category:Disease]]<br />
[[Category:Hepatology]]<br />
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]<br />
[[Category:Needs causes]]</div>
Prashanthsaddala