wikidoc - User contributions [en]

Percutaneous aortic valve replacement (patient information)

2009-07-15T16:32:58Z

Diberri: /* Other images */ remove duplicate; add captions

{{SI}}
{{EH}}

==What is PAVR?==
[[Image:Apikal4D.gif|thumb|left|Echocardiogram showing normal valvular function. The aortic valve is located at the top right of this image.]]

'''Percutaneous aortic valvular replacement''' ('''PAVR''') is a [[minimally-invasive procedure]] in which a [[prosthetic valve]] is implanted into the heart through a small hole in the groin.<ref name="cleveland">{{cite web |url=http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/percutaneous/percutaneousvalve.aspx |title=Heart Valve Disease - Percutaneous Interventions |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> It is a relatively new procedure and is currently under study. It has the benefits of being minimally invasive, causing less pain, less blood loss, and a lower risk of infection. There is also a faster recovery after PAVR than with traditional open heart surgery to replace the aortic valve.

==Why is PAVR performed?==
PAVR serves the same purpose as other forms of [[aortic valve replacement]], such as surgical replacement. However, PAVR may be offered to patients who are not surgical candidates.

Aortic valve replacement may be done for a number of reasons, most commonly for [[aortic stenosis]] or [[aortic regurgitation]]. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully, restricting blood flow and causing extra stress to the heart. In aortic regurgitation, the valve does not close all the way, allowing blood to leak back into the heart. These conditions can be mild, not requiring valve replacement. In cases where the valve is severely damaged, is causing [[heart failure]], or when there are significant symptoms of [[chest pain]] and [[shortness of breath]], your health care provider may suggest aortic valve replacement. If you are not a surgical candidate, PAVR may be an option.

==How is PAVR performed?==
The PAVR procedure takes place in the [[catheterization]] lab.<ref name="cleveland"/> It is performed by inserting a balloon [[catheter]] into the [[femoral artery]], which is in the groin area. The catheter, equipped with a compacted [[prosthetic aortic valve]], is then directed into the [[heart chamber]]s. The prosthetic valve is placed over the diseased [[aortic valve]]. The balloon is then inflated to fix the prosthetic valve in the desired position.<ref name="cleveland"/>

==Risks and complications==
As with all procedures, PAVR carries some risk. The most common risks would be infection and bleeding at the site where the catheter is inserted into the groin. Less commonly, other complications may result from a PAVR procedure:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europcronline.com/eurointervention/download_pdf.php?issue=A&article=A3 |title=Complications of percutaneous aortic valve replacement: experience with Cribier-Edwards percutaneous heart valve |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>

*Leaking around the prosthetic valve ([[aortic regurgitation (patient information)|aortic regurgitation]])
*Leaking around another heart valve, the mitral valve ([[mitral regurgitation (patient information)|mitral regurgitation]])
*Tearing of the mitral valve
*Blockage near the opening of the [[coronary artery]]
*Breaking off of a piece of the prosthetic valve, causing decreased blood flow and possibly tissue death
*[[Shock]]

==Related diseases==
Several conditions can be treated with PAVR. These include severe [[aortic stenosis]] and [[aortic regurgitation]] as mentioned above. These two conditions can result from [[rheumatic heart disease]] and [[bicuspid aortic valve]].<ref name="brodsky">{{cite web |url=http://www.scai.org/pdf/AR_12-04_SCAI_Brodsky.pdf |title=Percutaneous approaches to aortic valve replacement |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Other conditions may also contribute:<ref name="brodsky"/>
* [[Endocarditis (patient information)|Endocarditis]]
* [[Myxomatous degeneration]]
* Valve trauma

==Other images==
<gallery>
Image:Aortic_stenosis_rotated.jpg|Calcification narrows the opening of the aortic valve, producing [[aortic stenosis]].
Image:Myxomatous_aortic_valve.jpg|Myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve weakens the valve's structure and can lead to valvular disease requiring replacement.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007407.htm |title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Aortic valve surgery - minimally invasive |format= |work= |accessdate=}}

{{SIB}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Percutaneous aortic valve replacement (patient information)

2009-07-15T16:29:17Z

Diberri: slight cleanup

{{SI}}
{{EH}}

==What is PAVR?==
[[Image:Apikal4D.gif|thumb|left|Echocardiogram showing normal valvular function. The aortic valve is located at the top right of this image.]]

'''Percutaneous aortic valvular replacement''' ('''PAVR''') is a [[minimally-invasive procedure]] in which a [[prosthetic valve]] is implanted into the heart through a small hole in the groin.<ref name="cleveland">{{cite web |url=http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/percutaneous/percutaneousvalve.aspx |title=Heart Valve Disease - Percutaneous Interventions |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> It is a relatively new procedure and is currently under study. It has the benefits of being minimally invasive, causing less pain, less blood loss, and a lower risk of infection. There is also a faster recovery after PAVR than with traditional open heart surgery to replace the aortic valve.

==Why is PAVR performed?==
PAVR serves the same purpose as other forms of [[aortic valve replacement]], such as surgical replacement. However, PAVR may be offered to patients who are not surgical candidates.

Aortic valve replacement may be done for a number of reasons, most commonly for [[aortic stenosis]] or [[aortic regurgitation]]. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully, restricting blood flow and causing extra stress to the heart. In aortic regurgitation, the valve does not close all the way, allowing blood to leak back into the heart. These conditions can be mild, not requiring valve replacement. In cases where the valve is severely damaged, is causing [[heart failure]], or when there are significant symptoms of [[chest pain]] and [[shortness of breath]], your health care provider may suggest aortic valve replacement. If you are not a surgical candidate, PAVR may be an option.

==How is PAVR performed?==
The PAVR procedure takes place in the [[catheterization]] lab.<ref name="cleveland"/> It is performed by inserting a balloon [[catheter]] into the [[femoral artery]], which is in the groin area. The catheter, equipped with a compacted [[prosthetic aortic valve]], is then directed into the [[heart chamber]]s. The prosthetic valve is placed over the diseased [[aortic valve]]. The balloon is then inflated to fix the prosthetic valve in the desired position.<ref name="cleveland"/>

==Risks and complications==
As with all procedures, PAVR carries some risk. The most common risks would be infection and bleeding at the site where the catheter is inserted into the groin. Less commonly, other complications may result from a PAVR procedure:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europcronline.com/eurointervention/download_pdf.php?issue=A&article=A3 |title=Complications of percutaneous aortic valve replacement: experience with Cribier-Edwards percutaneous heart valve |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>

*Leaking around the prosthetic valve ([[aortic regurgitation (patient information)|aortic regurgitation]])
*Leaking around another heart valve, the mitral valve ([[mitral regurgitation (patient information)|mitral regurgitation]])
*Tearing of the mitral valve
*Blockage near the opening of the [[coronary artery]]
*Breaking off of a piece of the prosthetic valve, causing decreased blood flow and possibly tissue death
*[[Shock]]

==Related diseases==
Several conditions can be treated with PAVR. These include severe [[aortic stenosis]] and [[aortic regurgitation]] as mentioned above. These two conditions can result from [[rheumatic heart disease]] and [[bicuspid aortic valve]].<ref name="brodsky">{{cite web |url=http://www.scai.org/pdf/AR_12-04_SCAI_Brodsky.pdf |title=Percutaneous approaches to aortic valve replacement |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Other conditions may also contribute:<ref name="brodsky"/>
* [[Endocarditis (patient information)|Endocarditis]]
* [[Myxomatous degeneration]]
* Valve trauma

==Other images==
<gallery>
Image:Aortic_stenosis_rotated.jpg|Aortic stenosis.
Image:Aortic_stenosis_rheumatic,_gross_pathology_20G0014_lores.jpg|Rheumatic heart disease.
Image:Myxomatous_aortic_valve.jpg|Myxomatous degeneration.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007407.htm |title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Aortic valve surgery - minimally invasive |format= |work= |accessdate=}}

{{SIB}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Aortic stenosis (patient information)

2009-07-15T13:46:38Z

Diberri: /* What are the causes of aortic stenosis? */ +of

{{SI}}

{{EJ}}

'''''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Aortic stenosis|here]]'''''.

==What is aortic stenosis?==
The [[aorta]] is the main artery leaving the [[heart]]. When [[blood]] leaves the heart, it flows from the lower chamber (the [[left ventricle]]), through the aortic valve, into the aorta. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully. This restricts blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.

==What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?==
You may have no symptoms at all until late in the course of the disease. The diagnosis may have been made when your healthcare provider heard a [[heart murmur]] and then performed additional tests.

====Symptoms in adults====
*[[Breathlessness]] with activity
*[[Chest pain]], [[angina]]-type
**Crushing, squeezing, pressure, tightness
**Pain increases with exercise, relieved with rest
**Under the chest bone, may move to other areas
*[[Fainting]], [[weakness]], or [[dizziness]] with activity
*Sensation of feeling the [[heart beat]] ([[palpitations]])

====Symptoms in infants and children====
*Becoming tired or [[fatigue]]d with exertion more easily than others (in mild cases)
*Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases)

Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as the get older. They also run the risk of developing an infection of the heart valves ([[bacterial endocarditis]]).

==What are the causes of aortic stenosis?==
In the United States, aortic stenosis often results from calcium deposits on the aortic valve. These deposits occur naturally with age and have no relationship with the amount of calcium in the diet. Approximately 2% of all people have a [[bicuspid aortic valve]], which increases the risk of these calcifications and makes them more likely to develop aortic stenosis. Worldwide, [[rheumatic heart disease]] is a common cause of aortic stenosis.

As the [[aortic valve]] becomes more narrow, the pressure increases inside the lower chamber of the heart (the left [[ventricle]]). This causes the left ventricle to become thicker, decreasing blood flow and can lead to [[chest pain]]. As the pressure continues to rise, blood may back up into the lungs, and you may feel short of breath. Severe forms of aortic stenosis prevent enough blood from reaching the brain and rest of the body. This can cause lightheadedness and fainting.

==Who is at risk for aortic stenosis?==
Aortic stenosis occurs more often in men than in women. The calcifications that cause most cases of aortic stenosis are more likely to occur in patients above the age of 50, who are overweight, who smoke, and who have [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], and [[high cholesterol]]. These are the same risk factors for [[atherosclerosis]] of the coronary blood vessels.

People who had [[rheumatic fever]] as a child also have a somewhat higher risk of developing aortic stenosis, but rheumatic fever is very rare in the United States. [[Radiation therapy]] for treatment of cancer, such as [[breast cancer]] or [[lymphoma]], may also increase the risk of aortic stenosis.

==How does my health care provider know if I have aortic stenosis?==
===Heart murmur===
When listening to your heart, your health care provider may hear a new [[heart murmur]] associated with aortic stenosis. This murmur is not always there in aortic stenosis. If a new murmur is heard and your health care provider is concerned about aortic stenosis or another form of heart disease, further tests may be ordered. It is important to remember that not all heart murmurs mean you have a harmful heart condition.

===Blood pressure===
You may have high [[blood pressure]] if you have mild aortic stenosis. In rare cases of severe aortic stenosis, your blood pressure may actually be low.

===Tests your doctor might perform===
* Chest [[x-ray]]
* [[Electrocardiogram]], where sensors on the chest measure electrical activity of the heart
* [[Echocardiography]], which is an ultrasound of the heart
* [[Exercise stress testing]], where your doctor monitors your electrocardiogram while you exercise
* [[MRI of the heart]], where you lay in a magnet that takes pictures of your heart
* [[Cardiac catheterization]], where a catheter is inserted into the arteries of your heart and pictures are taken

==How do I know if my child has aortic stenosis?==
Infants and children may be:
*Extremely [[tired]]
*[[Sweaty]]
*Have pale skin
*Fast breathing.
*They may also be smaller than other children their age.

==When should I seek urgent medical care?==
Call your health care provider if you or your child have symptoms of aortic stenosis. For example, call if you or your child have a sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) for more than a short period of time.

Also contact your doctor if you have been diagnosed with this condition and your symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop.

==Treatment options==
If there are no symptoms or symptoms are mild, you may only need to be monitored by a health care provider. Patients with aortic stenosis may be told not to play competitive sports, even if they don't have symptoms. If symptoms do occur, strenuous activity must be limited.

===Medication===
Medications are used to treat symptoms of heart failure or abnormal heart rhythms (most commonly [[atrial fibrillation]]). These include [[diuretic]]s (water pills), [[nitrate]]s, and [[beta-blocker]]s. High [[blood pressure]] should also be treated.

===Lifestyle changes===
*Stop smoking and be treated for high [[cholesterol]].
*See a cardiologist every 3 to 6 months.

===Surgery===
[[Surgery]] to repair or replace the aortic valve is the preferred treatment for adults or children who develop symptoms. Even if symptoms are not very bad, the doctor may recommend surgery. People with no symptoms but worrisome results on [[#Tests your doctor might perform|diagnostic tests]] may also require surgery.

Some high-risk patients may be poor candidates for heart valve surgery. A less invasive procedure called balloon [[valvuloplasty]] may be done in adults or children instead. This is a procedure in which a balloon is placed into an artery in the groin, advanced to the heart, placed across the valve, and inflated. This may relieve the obstruction caused by the narrowed valve.

==Treatment options for children==
Children with mild aortic stenosis may be able to participate in most activities and sports. As the illness progresses, sports such as golf and baseball may be permitted, but not more physically demanding activities.

====Surgery====
[[Valvuloplasty]] is often the first-choice for surgery in children. Some children may require aortic valve repair or replacement. If possible, the pulmonary valve may be used to replace the aortic valve, called a Ross procedure.

==Prevention of aortic stenosis==
Treat [[strep throat]] promptly to prevent [[rheumatic fever]], which can cause aortic stenosis.

Follow your health care provider's treatment recommendation for conditions that may cause valve disease. Notify you provider if there is a family history of congenital heart diseases.

==What is the outlook and prognosis?==
People with mild aortic stenosis may do very well using a watchful waiting approach with their health care provider. They may be treated medically for some conditions associated with aortic stenosis, such as [[high blood pressure]], and may have a normal life expectancy.

Those with more severe symptoms, such as chest pain or signs of heart failure like shortness of breath and leg swelling, generally do poorly without surgery. However, surgery does have the potential to cure a person's aortic stenosis. The success of surgery depends on a number of factors, including patient age, overall activity level, and presence of other medical conditions. As with any operation, aortic valve surgery has some risks, most of which occur during the first 1-2 days after surgery. These include an [[irregular heart rhythm]] and [[blood clot]]s in the legs. There is also a chance that the new or repaired valve may stop working which might require another surgery.

==Sources==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000178.htm |title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Aortic stenosis |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-07-15}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Patient Information]]

Aortic stenosis (patient information)

2009-07-15T13:35:41Z

Diberri: a few additions

{{SI}}

{{EJ}}

'''''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Aortic stenosis|here]]'''''.

==What is aortic stenosis?==
The [[aorta]] is the main artery leaving the [[heart]]. When [[blood]] leaves the heart, it flows from the lower chamber (the [[left ventricle]]), through the aortic valve, into the aorta. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully. This restricts blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.

==What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?==
You may have no symptoms at all until late in the course of the disease. The diagnosis may have been made when your healthcare provider heard a [[heart murmur]] and then performed additional tests.

====Symptoms in adults====
*[[Breathlessness]] with activity
*[[Chest pain]], [[angina]]-type
**Crushing, squeezing, pressure, tightness
**Pain increases with exercise, relieved with rest
**Under the chest bone, may move to other areas
*[[Fainting]], [[weakness]], or [[dizziness]] with activity
*Sensation of feeling the [[heart beat]] ([[palpitations]])

====Symptoms in infants and children====
*Becoming tired or [[fatigue]]d with exertion more easily than others (in mild cases)
*Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases)

Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as the get older. They also run the risk of developing an infection of the heart valves ([[bacterial endocarditis]]).

==What are the causes of aortic stenosis?==
In the United States, aortic stenosis often results from calcium deposits on the aortic valve. These deposits occur naturally with age and have no relationship with the amount of calcium in the diet. Approximately 2% of all people have a [[bicuspid aortic valve]], which increases the risk these calcifications and makes them more likely to develop aortic stenosis. Worldwide, [[rheumatic heart disease]] is a common cause of aortic stenosis.

As the [[aortic valve]] becomes more narrow, the pressure increases inside the lower chamber of the heart (the left [[ventricle]]). This causes the left ventricle to become thicker, decreasing blood flow and can lead to [[chest pain]]. As the pressure continues to rise, blood may back up into the lungs, and you may feel short of breath. Severe forms of aortic stenosis prevent enough blood from reaching the brain and rest of the body. This can cause lightheadedness and fainting.

==Who is at risk for aortic stenosis?==
Aortic stenosis occurs more often in men than in women. The calcifications that cause most cases of aortic stenosis are more likely to occur in patients above the age of 50, who are overweight, who smoke, and who have [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], and [[high cholesterol]]. These are the same risk factors for [[atherosclerosis]] of the coronary blood vessels.

People who had [[rheumatic fever]] as a child also have a somewhat higher risk of developing aortic stenosis, but rheumatic fever is very rare in the United States. [[Radiation therapy]] for treatment of cancer, such as [[breast cancer]] or [[lymphoma]], may also increase the risk of aortic stenosis.

==How does my health care provider know if I have aortic stenosis?==
===Heart murmur===
When listening to your heart, your health care provider may hear a new [[heart murmur]] associated with aortic stenosis. This murmur is not always there in aortic stenosis. If a new murmur is heard and your health care provider is concerned about aortic stenosis or another form of heart disease, further tests may be ordered. It is important to remember that not all heart murmurs mean you have a harmful heart condition.

===Blood pressure===
You may have high [[blood pressure]] if you have mild aortic stenosis. In rare cases of severe aortic stenosis, your blood pressure may actually be low.

===Tests your doctor might perform===
* Chest [[x-ray]]
* [[Electrocardiogram]], where sensors on the chest measure electrical activity of the heart
* [[Echocardiography]], which is an ultrasound of the heart
* [[Exercise stress testing]], where your doctor monitors your electrocardiogram while you exercise
* [[MRI of the heart]], where you lay in a magnet that takes pictures of your heart
* [[Cardiac catheterization]], where a catheter is inserted into the arteries of your heart and pictures are taken

==How do I know if my child has aortic stenosis?==
Infants and children may be:
*Extremely [[tired]]
*[[Sweaty]]
*Have pale skin
*Fast breathing.
*They may also be smaller than other children their age.

==When should I seek urgent medical care?==
Call your health care provider if you or your child have symptoms of aortic stenosis. For example, call if you or your child have a sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) for more than a short period of time.

Also contact your doctor if you have been diagnosed with this condition and your symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop.

==Treatment options==
If there are no symptoms or symptoms are mild, you may only need to be monitored by a health care provider. Patients with aortic stenosis may be told not to play competitive sports, even if they don't have symptoms. If symptoms do occur, strenuous activity must be limited.

===Medication===
Medications are used to treat symptoms of heart failure or abnormal heart rhythms (most commonly [[atrial fibrillation]]). These include [[diuretic]]s (water pills), [[nitrate]]s, and [[beta-blocker]]s. High [[blood pressure]] should also be treated.

===Lifestyle changes===
*Stop smoking and be treated for high [[cholesterol]].
*See a cardiologist every 3 to 6 months.

===Surgery===
[[Surgery]] to repair or replace the aortic valve is the preferred treatment for adults or children who develop symptoms. Even if symptoms are not very bad, the doctor may recommend surgery. People with no symptoms but worrisome results on [[#Tests your doctor might perform|diagnostic tests]] may also require surgery.

Some high-risk patients may be poor candidates for heart valve surgery. A less invasive procedure called balloon [[valvuloplasty]] may be done in adults or children instead. This is a procedure in which a balloon is placed into an artery in the groin, advanced to the heart, placed across the valve, and inflated. This may relieve the obstruction caused by the narrowed valve.

==Treatment options for children==
Children with mild aortic stenosis may be able to participate in most activities and sports. As the illness progresses, sports such as golf and baseball may be permitted, but not more physically demanding activities.

====Surgery====
[[Valvuloplasty]] is often the first-choice for surgery in children. Some children may require aortic valve repair or replacement. If possible, the pulmonary valve may be used to replace the aortic valve, called a Ross procedure.

==Prevention of aortic stenosis==
Treat [[strep throat]] promptly to prevent [[rheumatic fever]], which can cause aortic stenosis.

Follow your health care provider's treatment recommendation for conditions that may cause valve disease. Notify you provider if there is a family history of congenital heart diseases.

==What is the outlook and prognosis?==
People with mild aortic stenosis may do very well using a watchful waiting approach with their health care provider. They may be treated medically for some conditions associated with aortic stenosis, such as [[high blood pressure]], and may have a normal life expectancy.

Those with more severe symptoms, such as chest pain or signs of heart failure like shortness of breath and leg swelling, generally do poorly without surgery. However, surgery does have the potential to cure a person's aortic stenosis. The success of surgery depends on a number of factors, including patient age, overall activity level, and presence of other medical conditions. As with any operation, aortic valve surgery has some risks, most of which occur during the first 1-2 days after surgery. These include an [[irregular heart rhythm]] and [[blood clot]]s in the legs. There is also a chance that the new or repaired valve may stop working which might require another surgery.

==Sources==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000178.htm |title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Aortic stenosis |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-07-15}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Patient Information]]

MRI of the heart

2009-07-15T13:31:45Z

Diberri: redirect Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR)

#REDIRECT [[Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR)]]

Cardiac MRI

2009-07-15T13:31:26Z

Diberri: fix redirect: [Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR)]]

#REDIRECT [[Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR)]]

Suggestions

2009-07-15T12:47:34Z

Diberri: fmt

==Feature requests==
* Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)
* Ability to import an End Note Library
* Ability to machine translate content into another language
* Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?
* Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"
* We need a bot to import protein images
* We need a bot to put <nowiki>{{SI}}</nowiki> at the top of pages after the infoboxes. We need to replace the right alignment with left alignment of images that would be displaced by the search infobox
**I think [[Template:SI]] should be eliminated altogether. It uses up prime real estate and adds little to articles. --[[User:Diberri|Diberri]] 14:39, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

==Templates for removal==
Please use a bulleted list and link each template.

*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]
*[[Template:Stable Isotope]]
*[[Template:Zoologist-stub]]
*[[Template:Molecular-cell-biology-stub]]
*[[Template:Infobox Simpsons episode]]
*[[Template:Biochemistry-stub]]
*[[Template:UK-bio-stub]]
*[[Template:Plant-disease-stub]]

==Put an [edit] link at the top of each page==
Solution:
# Copy this text:
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# Go to [http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/monobook.js&action=edit this page]
#* You should get a text box like any other edit page on the wiki.
#* Paste the copied text into the text box.
#* Save the page
# Refresh your browser using ctrl-F5 or something else

Template:Plant-disease-stub

2009-07-13T16:18:38Z

Diberri: {{tfd}}

Suggestions

2009-07-13T14:46:47Z

Diberri: /* Functions */ reword

== '''Functions''' ==
We need the following:

Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)

Ability to import an End Note Library

Ability to machine translate content into another language

Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?

Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"

We need a bot to import protein images

We need a bot to put <nowiki>{{SI}}</nowiki> at the top of pages after the infoboxes. We need to replace the right alignment with left alignment of images that would be displaced by the search infobox
:I think [[Template:SI]] should be eliminated altogether. It uses up prime real estate and adds little to articles. --[[User:Diberri|Diberri]] 14:39, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

== '''Program Bugs''' ==

[[Category:Help]]

==List of Templates to be removed==

Please use a bulleted list and link each template.

*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]
*[[Template:Stable Isotope]]
*[[Template:Zoologist-stub]]
*[[Template:Molecular-cell-biology-stub]]
*[[Template:Infobox Simpsons episode]]
*[[Template:Biochemistry-stub]]
*[[Template:UK-bio-stub]]
*[[Template:Plant-disease-stub]]

==Put an [edit] link at the top of each page==
Solution:
# Copy this text:
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# Go to [http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/monobook.js&action=edit this page]
#* You should get a text box like any other edit page on the wiki.
#* Paste the copied text into the text box.
#* Save the page
# Refresh your browser using ctrl-F5 or something else

Suggestions

2009-07-13T14:39:08Z

Diberri: /* Functions */ {{SI}}

== '''Functions''' ==
We need the following:

Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)

Ability to import an End Note Library

Ability to machine translate content into another language

Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?

Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"

We need a bot to import protein images

We need a bot to put <nowiki>{{SI}}</nowiki> at the top of pages after the infoboxes. We need to replace the right alignment with left alignment of images that would be displaced by the search infobox
:Personally I think we should eliminate [[Template:SI]] altogether. It uses up prime real estate and adds very little to articles. --[[User:Diberri|Diberri]] 14:39, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

== '''Program Bugs''' ==

[[Category:Help]]

==List of Templates to be removed==

Please use a bulleted list and link each template.

*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]
*[[Template:Stable Isotope]]
*[[Template:Zoologist-stub]]
*[[Template:Molecular-cell-biology-stub]]
*[[Template:Infobox Simpsons episode]]
*[[Template:Biochemistry-stub]]
*[[Template:UK-bio-stub]]
*[[Template:Plant-disease-stub]]

==Put an [edit] link at the top of each page==
Solution:
# Copy this text:
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# Go to [http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/monobook.js&action=edit this page]
#* You should get a text box like any other edit page on the wiki.
#* Paste the copied text into the text box.
#* Save the page
# Refresh your browser using ctrl-F5 or something else

File:Sphingomyelin.png

2009-07-10T21:02:04Z

Diberri: {{Information |Description=yellow Alpha Helix Section |Source=Originally from [http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia]; description page is/was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3AAlphaHelixSection.png here]. |Date=2005-01-01 (original upload

{{Information
|Description=yellow Alpha Helix Section
|Source=Originally from [http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia]; description page is/was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3AAlphaHelixSection.png here].
|Date=2005-01-01 (original upload date)
|Author=Original uploader was [[:en:User:Jag123|Jag123]] at [http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia]
|Permission=PD-AUTHOR; Released into the public domain (by the author).
|other_versions=
}}

== License information ==
{{PD-user-en|Jag123}}

== Original upload log ==
(All user names refer to en.wikipedia)
* 2005-01-01 07:22 [[:en:User:Jag123|Jag123]] 192�104�8 (17062 bytes) ''<nowiki>{{PD-self}}</nowiki>''

__NOTOC__

[[Category:Icons]]
[[Category:Helices]]<

File:Phosphatidyl-Serine.png

2009-07-10T20:58:13Z

Diberri: from Wikipedia

From Wikipedia.

File:Phosphatidyl-Serine.png

2009-07-10T20:56:39Z

Diberri: Blah

Blah

Template:Biochemistry-stub

2009-07-10T18:36:16Z

Diberri: {{tfd}}

Template:Infobox Simpsons episode

2009-07-10T18:12:00Z

Diberri: {{tfd}}

Template:Molecular-cell-biology-stub

2009-07-10T18:11:27Z

Diberri: {{tfd}}

Template:Zoologist-stub

2009-07-10T15:14:52Z

Diberri: {{tfd}}

Template:Stable Isotope

2009-07-10T14:43:37Z

Diberri: {{tfd}}

Template:Citations missing

2009-07-10T14:14:58Z

Diberri: {{tfd}}

Suggestions

2009-07-10T14:01:48Z

Diberri: /* List of Templates to be removed */ format

== '''Functions''' ==
We need the following:

Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)

Ability to import an End Note Library

Ability to machine translate content into another language

Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?

Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"

We need a bot to import protein images

We need a bot to put <nowiki>{{SI}}</nowiki> at the top of pages after the infoboxes. We need to replace the right alignment with left alignment of images that would be displaced by the search infobox
== '''Program Bugs''' ==

[[Category:Help]]

==List of Templates to be removed==

Please use a bulleted list and link each template.

*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]
*[[Template:Stable Isotope]]
*[[Template:Zoologist-stub]]
*[[Template:Molecular-cell-biology-stub]]
*[[Template:Infobox Simpsons episode]]
*[[Template:Biochemistry-stub]]
*[[Template:UK-bio-stub]]
*[[Template:Plant-disease-stub]]

==Put an [edit] link at the top of each page==
Solution:
# Copy this text:
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# Go to [http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/monobook.js&action=edit this page]
#* You should get a text box like any other edit page on the wiki.
#* Paste the copied text into the text box.
#* Save the page
# Refresh your browser using ctrl-F5 or something else

Template:Circulatory-stub

2009-07-10T13:00:51Z

Diberri: {{tfd}} -- we need the stub to show so it has style information that we can hide with css

PRKAA1

2009-07-09T15:52:30Z

Diberri: empty save

{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_PRKAA1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2h6d.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2h6d}}
| Name = Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit
| HGNCid = 9376
| Symbol = PRKAA1
| AltSymbols =; AMPK; AMPKa1; MGC33776; MGC57364
| OMIM = 602739
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 49590
| MGIid = 2145955
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PRKAA1_209799_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000287 |text = magnesium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004691 |text = cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042557 |text = eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001666 |text = response to hypoxia}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006633 |text = fatty acid biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006695 |text = cholesterol biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0017148 |text = negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045542 |text = positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045722 |text = positive regulation of gluconeogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045768 |text = positive regulation of anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046318 |text = negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046321 |text = positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046326 |text = positive regulation of glucose import}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5562
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000132356
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_006242
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_006251
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 40795239
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 40834046
| Hs_Uniprot = Q13131
| Mm_EntrezGene = 105787
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000050697
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_973840
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_978934
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 5091090
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 5129114
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TUQ7
}}
}}
'''Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit''', also known as '''PRKAA1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKAA1 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5562| accessdate = }}</ref>


{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ser/thr protein kinase family. It is the catalytic subunit of the 5'-prime-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a cellular energy sensor conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The kinase activity of AMPK is activated by the stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK regulates the activities of a number of key metabolic enzymes through phosphorylation. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKAA1 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5562| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Munday MR, Campbell DG, Carling D, Hardie DG |title=Identification by amino acid sequencing of three major regulatory phosphorylation sites on rat acetyl-CoA carboxylase. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=175 |issue= 2 |pages= 331-8 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2900138 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stapleton D, Mitchelhill KI, Gao G, ''et al.'' |title=Mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase subfamily. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 2 |pages= 611-4 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8557660 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Woods A, Cheung PC, Smith FC, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase beta and gamma subunits. Assembly of the heterotrimeric complex in vitro. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 17 |pages= 10282-90 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8626596 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hawley SA, Davison M, Woods A, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of the AMP-activated protein kinase kinase from rat liver and identification of threonine 172 as the major site at which it phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 44 |pages= 27879-87 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8910387 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stapleton D, Woollatt E, Mitchelhill KI, ''et al.'' |title=AMP-activated protein kinase isoenzyme family: subunit structure and chromosomal location. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=409 |issue= 3 |pages= 452-6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9224708 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Velasco G, Gómez del Pulgar T, Carling D, Guzmán M |title=Evidence that the AMP-activated protein kinase stimulates rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I by phosphorylating cytoskeletal components. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=439 |issue= 3 |pages= 317-20 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9845345 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Crute BE, Seefeld K, Gamble J, ''et al.'' |title=Functional domains of the alpha1 catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 52 |pages= 35347-54 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9857077 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=da Silva Xavier G, Leclerc I, Salt IP, ''et al.'' |title=Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation by glucose of islet beta cell gene expression. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 8 |pages= 4023-8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10760274 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hallows KR, Raghuram V, Kemp BE, ''et al.'' |title=Inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by novel interaction with the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=105 |issue= 12 |pages= 1711-21 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10862786 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 10 |pages= 1546-60 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11042152 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen ZP, McConell GK, Michell BJ, ''et al.'' |title=AMPK signaling in contracting human skeletal muscle: acetyl-CoA carboxylase and NO synthase phosphorylation. |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=279 |issue= 5 |pages= E1202-6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11052978 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Blázquez C, Geelen MJ, Velasco G, Guzmán M |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase prevents ceramide synthesis de novo and apoptosis in astrocytes. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=489 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 149-53 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11165240 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Diggle TA, Subkhankulova T, Lilley KS, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 kinase on serine 499 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase induces Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=353 |issue= Pt 3 |pages= 621-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11171059 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wang X, Li W, Williams M, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90(RSK1) and p70 S6 kinase. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=20 |issue= 16 |pages= 4370-9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11500364 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/20.16.4370 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Xi X, Han J, Zhang JZ |title=Stimulation of glucose transport by AMP-activated protein kinase via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 44 |pages= 41029-34 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11546797 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M102824200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fryer LG, Foufelle F, Barnes K, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of the role of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the stimulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=363 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 167-74 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11903059 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yang CS, Weiner H |title=Yeast two-hybrid screening identifies binding partners of human Tom34 that have ATPase activity and form a complex with Tom34 in the cytosol. |journal=Arch. Biochem. Biophys. |volume=400 |issue= 1 |pages= 105-10 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11913976 |doi= 10.1006/abbi.2002.2778 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bolster DR, Crozier SJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS |title=AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle through down-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 27 |pages= 23977-80 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11997383 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C200171200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Esumi H, Izuishi K, Kato K, ''et al.'' |title=Hypoxia and nitric oxide treatment confer tolerance to glucose starvation in a 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent manner. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 36 |pages= 32791-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12091379 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M112270200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Horman S, Browne G, Krause U, ''et al.'' |title=Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase leads to the phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 and an inhibition of protein synthesis. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=12 |issue= 16 |pages= 1419-23 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12194824 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Template:PDB2

2009-07-09T15:51:00Z

Diberri: revert to original version; this page is a template page meant to be used for formatting PDB codes, not as a description of the PDB repository, etc.; this is why protein infoboxes became ugly

<span class=plainlinks>[http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pdbId={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]</span><noinclude>[[Category:External link templates|PDB]]</noinclude>

MediaWiki:Monobook.css

2009-07-09T15:34:32Z

Diberri: hide stub messages

/*

==CSS for Monobook skin only==

'''Notice to Administrators!'''

Any changes to [[Mediawiki:Monobook.css|Monobook.css]] should be first proposed on the [[Mediawiki_talk:Monobook.css | talk page]].

Furthermore, changes should probably be made in
[[MediaWiki:Common.css]] rather than this page, unless there is no effect in
[[MediaWiki:Common.css]].

Testing can be done on your own user Monobook.css.
(In '''Mozilla''' and '''Opera''', you can also test style changes dynamically with the [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html test styles] bookmarklet from squarefree.com. It pops up a window for adding style rules, and updates the page as you type.)

Always check with the [http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidoc.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMediaWiki%3AMonobook.css%26action%3Draw%26ctype%3Dtext%2Fcss&usermedium=all W3C CSS Validation Service] after any changes.

Thank you.

<pre><nowiki>*/

/* Don't display some stuff on the main page */
body.page-Main_Page #t-cite,
body.page-Main_Page #lastmod,
body.page-Main_Page #siteSub,
body.page-Main_Page #contentSub,
body.page-Main_Page h1.firstHeading {
display: none !important;
}

/* Donations link to be uncommented during fundraising drives */
#siteNotice {
margin-top:5px;
padding-left: 4px;
font-style: italic;
text-align: center;
background: transparent;
}

/*
#fundraising {
text-align: center;
border: 1px solid gray;
padding: 5px;
}
*/

/****************************/
/* BEGIN LIGHT BLUE SECTION */
/****************************/
/* Make all non-namespace pages have a light blue content area. This is done by
setting the background color for all #content areas to light blue and then
overriding it for any #content enclosed in a .ns-0 (main namespace). I then
do the same for the "tab" background colors. --Lupo */

#content {
background: #F8FCFF; /* a light blue */
}

#content div.thumb {
border-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #content {
background: white;
}

#mytabs li {
background: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #mytabs li {
background: white;
}

#mytabs li a {
background-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #mytabs li a {
background-color: white;
}

#p-cactions li a, #p-cactions li a:hover, #p-cactions li.selected a {
background-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #p-cactions li a {
background-color: #fbfbfb;
}

.ns-0 * #p-cactions li.selected a, .ns-0 * #p-cactions li a:hover {
background-color: white;
}

.ns-0 * #content div.thumb {
border-color: white;
}

/**************************/
/* END LIGHT BLUE SECTION */
/**************************/

/* block quotations */
#content blockquote {
font-size: 93.75%; /* equivalent of 15px in 16px default */
margin: 1em 1.6em; /* same indent as an unordered list */
}
#content blockquote p {
line-height:inherit;
}

/* Display [[Mediawiki:Tagline]] only in main namespace */
.ns-0 * #siteSub {
display: inline;
font-size: 82%;
font-weight: normal;
}

.ns-0 * #bodyContent #siteSub a {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: transparent;
background-image: none;
padding-right: 0;
}

/* Bold 'edit this page' link to encourage newcomers */
#ca-edit a { font-weight: bold !important; }

/* Display "User $1, you are already logged in!"
([[MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin]]) in red and bold */
div.alreadyloggedin { color: red; font-weight: bold; }

@media print {
/* Do not print edit link in templates using Template:Ed
Do not print certain classes that shouldn't appear on paper */
.editlink, .noprint, .metadata, .dablink { display: none }
#content { background: #fff; } /* white background on print */
}

/* Accessibility experiment: make diff changes not just colour-based */

.diffchange {
font-weight: bold;
background-color: inherit;
}

td.diff-addedline, td.diff-deletedline, td.diff-context {
vertical-align: top;
font-size: 85%;
color: inherit;
}

#pt-login {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 110%;
}

form#userlogin {
float: left;
padding: 1em 1em .7em 1em;
background-color: #ffffe6;
border: 2px solid #fc6;
color: #000;
margin-right: 2em;
}

form#userlogin table {
float: left;
background-color: #ffffe6;
color: #000;
}

p.error {
font-weight: bold;
}

/* Class styles */

/* .toccolours added here because version in
monobook/main.css wasn't being used by the print style */
.toccolours {
border:1px solid #aaa;
background-color:#f9f9f9;
padding:5px;
font-size: 95%;
}

/* Remove padding from external links displayed without icon */
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {padding: 0 !important}

#p-nav h5 {
display: none;
}

.portlet a {
text-decoration: none;
}

.portlet a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}

#p-nav .pBody {
padding-right: 0;
}

#p-nav a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
}

/* Special characters list below edit window works better without underlining */
#editpage-specialchars a { text-decoration: none; }
#editpage-specialchars a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* If you don't want to see special characters list at all,
put the following line in your User:You/monobook.css file
(and remove the slash-asterisk comments) */
/* #editpage-specialchars { display: none; } */

/* Makes the background of a framed image white instead of gray. */
/* Only visible with transparent images. */
/* See #Framed_image_background_color */
div.thumb div a img {
background-color:#fff;
}

/* For positioning icons at top-right, used in Templates
"Spoken Article" and "Featured Article" */

div.topicon {
position:absolute;
z-index:100;
top:10px;
display: block !important;
}

/* try adding here, this had no effect in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] */
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after {
display: none !important
}

#coordinates {
position:absolute;
z-index:1;
border:none;
background:none;
right:30px;
top:3.7em;
float:right;
margin:0.0em;
padding:0.0em;
line-height:1.5em;
text-align:right;
text-indent:0;
font-size:85%;
text-transform:none;
white-space:nowrap;
}

.portlet li {
list-style-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png");
}

li.FA {
list-style-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Monobook-bullet-star.png");
}

.mw-plusminus-pos {
color: #006400;
}

.mw-plusminus-neg {
color: #8B0000;
}

/* Infobox template style */

.infobox {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: black;
}

.infobox.bordered td,
.infobox.bordered th {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th {
border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

.gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #F9F9F9;
}

.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow th {
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* Remove white border from thumbnails */
div.thumb {
border: none;
}

div.tright {
border: none;
margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em;
}

div.tleft {
border: none;
margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0;
}

form#deleteconfirm table {
background-color:transparent;
}

/* Remove "citation needed"
.Template-Fact { display: none }

/* Hiding ambox (article message box) will hide loads of ugly boxes from Wikipedia -- diberri, 2009-07-08 */
.metadata.ambox { display: none }

/* Hide stub messages per Mike -- diberri, 2009-07-09 */
.metadata.boilerplate#stub { display: none }

/* Remove red links... -- diberri, 2009-07-08 */
a.new { color: black !important }

/* ...except on pages where they're needed (eg, for "create this page" link on search results page) */
.page-Special_Search a.new { color: #CC2200 !important }

/*</nowiki></pre>*/

MediaWiki:Monobook.css

2009-07-08T20:10:51Z

Diberri: don't kill red links on search results page

/*

==CSS for Monobook skin only==

'''Notice to Administrators!'''

Any changes to [[Mediawiki:Monobook.css|Monobook.css]] should be first proposed on the [[Mediawiki_talk:Monobook.css | talk page]].

Furthermore, changes should probably be made in
[[MediaWiki:Common.css]] rather than this page, unless there is no effect in
[[MediaWiki:Common.css]].

Testing can be done on your own user Monobook.css.
(In '''Mozilla''' and '''Opera''', you can also test style changes dynamically with the [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html test styles] bookmarklet from squarefree.com. It pops up a window for adding style rules, and updates the page as you type.)

Always check with the [http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidoc.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMediaWiki%3AMonobook.css%26action%3Draw%26ctype%3Dtext%2Fcss&usermedium=all W3C CSS Validation Service] after any changes.

Thank you.

<pre><nowiki>*/

/* Don't display some stuff on the main page */
body.page-Main_Page #t-cite,
body.page-Main_Page #lastmod,
body.page-Main_Page #siteSub,
body.page-Main_Page #contentSub,
body.page-Main_Page h1.firstHeading {
display: none !important;
}

/* Donations link to be uncommented during fundraising drives */
#siteNotice {
margin-top:5px;
padding-left: 4px;
font-style: italic;
text-align: center;
background: transparent;
}

/*
#fundraising {
text-align: center;
border: 1px solid gray;
padding: 5px;
}
*/

/****************************/
/* BEGIN LIGHT BLUE SECTION */
/****************************/
/* Make all non-namespace pages have a light blue content area. This is done by
setting the background color for all #content areas to light blue and then
overriding it for any #content enclosed in a .ns-0 (main namespace). I then
do the same for the "tab" background colors. --Lupo */

#content {
background: #F8FCFF; /* a light blue */
}

#content div.thumb {
border-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #content {
background: white;
}

#mytabs li {
background: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #mytabs li {
background: white;
}

#mytabs li a {
background-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #mytabs li a {
background-color: white;
}

#p-cactions li a, #p-cactions li a:hover, #p-cactions li.selected a {
background-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #p-cactions li a {
background-color: #fbfbfb;
}

.ns-0 * #p-cactions li.selected a, .ns-0 * #p-cactions li a:hover {
background-color: white;
}

.ns-0 * #content div.thumb {
border-color: white;
}

/**************************/
/* END LIGHT BLUE SECTION */
/**************************/

/* block quotations */
#content blockquote {
font-size: 93.75%; /* equivalent of 15px in 16px default */
margin: 1em 1.6em; /* same indent as an unordered list */
}
#content blockquote p {
line-height:inherit;
}

/* Display [[Mediawiki:Tagline]] only in main namespace */
.ns-0 * #siteSub {
display: inline;
font-size: 82%;
font-weight: normal;
}

.ns-0 * #bodyContent #siteSub a {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: transparent;
background-image: none;
padding-right: 0;
}

/* Bold 'edit this page' link to encourage newcomers */
#ca-edit a { font-weight: bold !important; }

/* Display "User $1, you are already logged in!"
([[MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin]]) in red and bold */
div.alreadyloggedin { color: red; font-weight: bold; }

@media print {
/* Do not print edit link in templates using Template:Ed
Do not print certain classes that shouldn't appear on paper */
.editlink, .noprint, .metadata, .dablink { display: none }
#content { background: #fff; } /* white background on print */
}

/* Accessibility experiment: make diff changes not just colour-based */

.diffchange {
font-weight: bold;
background-color: inherit;
}

td.diff-addedline, td.diff-deletedline, td.diff-context {
vertical-align: top;
font-size: 85%;
color: inherit;
}

#pt-login {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 110%;
}

form#userlogin {
float: left;
padding: 1em 1em .7em 1em;
background-color: #ffffe6;
border: 2px solid #fc6;
color: #000;
margin-right: 2em;
}

form#userlogin table {
float: left;
background-color: #ffffe6;
color: #000;
}

p.error {
font-weight: bold;
}

/* Class styles */

/* .toccolours added here because version in
monobook/main.css wasn't being used by the print style */
.toccolours {
border:1px solid #aaa;
background-color:#f9f9f9;
padding:5px;
font-size: 95%;
}

/* Remove padding from external links displayed without icon */
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {padding: 0 !important}

#p-nav h5 {
display: none;
}

.portlet a {
text-decoration: none;
}

.portlet a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}

#p-nav .pBody {
padding-right: 0;
}

#p-nav a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
}

/* Special characters list below edit window works better without underlining */
#editpage-specialchars a { text-decoration: none; }
#editpage-specialchars a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* If you don't want to see special characters list at all,
put the following line in your User:You/monobook.css file
(and remove the slash-asterisk comments) */
/* #editpage-specialchars { display: none; } */

/* Makes the background of a framed image white instead of gray. */
/* Only visible with transparent images. */
/* See #Framed_image_background_color */
div.thumb div a img {
background-color:#fff;
}

/* For positioning icons at top-right, used in Templates
"Spoken Article" and "Featured Article" */

div.topicon {
position:absolute;
z-index:100;
top:10px;
display: block !important;
}

/* try adding here, this had no effect in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] */
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after {
display: none !important
}

#coordinates {
position:absolute;
z-index:1;
border:none;
background:none;
right:30px;
top:3.7em;
float:right;
margin:0.0em;
padding:0.0em;
line-height:1.5em;
text-align:right;
text-indent:0;
font-size:85%;
text-transform:none;
white-space:nowrap;
}

.portlet li {
list-style-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png");
}

li.FA {
list-style-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Monobook-bullet-star.png");
}

.mw-plusminus-pos {
color: #006400;
}

.mw-plusminus-neg {
color: #8B0000;
}

/* Infobox template style */

.infobox {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: black;
}

.infobox.bordered td,
.infobox.bordered th {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th {
border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

.gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #F9F9F9;
}

.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow th {
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* Remove white border from thumbnails */
div.thumb {
border: none;
}

div.tright {
border: none;
margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em;
}

div.tleft {
border: none;
margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0;
}

form#deleteconfirm table {
background-color:transparent;
}

/* Remove "citation needed"
.Template-Fact { display: none }

/* Hiding ambox (article message box) will hide loads of ugly boxes from Wikipedia */
.metadata.ambox { display: none }

/* Remove red links... */
a.new { color: black !important }

/* ...except on pages where they're needed (eg, for "create this page" link on search results page) */
.page-Special_Search a.new { color: #CC2200 !important }
/*</nowiki></pre>*/

Suggestions

2009-07-08T20:03:15Z

Diberri: /* Put an [edit] link at the top of each page */ Special:MyPage

== '''Functions''' ==
We need the following:

Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)

Ability to import an End Note Library

Ability to machine translate content into another language

Ability to program in risk calculators

Digg plug in

Ability to date and time stamp approvals by the Editors

Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?

Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"

== '''Program Bugs''' ==

[[Category:Help]]

==List of Templates to be removed==
*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]

==Put an [edit] link at the top of each page==
Solution:
# Copy this text:
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# Go to [http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/monobook.js&action=edit this page]
#* You should get a text box like any other edit page on the wiki.
#* Paste the copied text into the text box.
#* Save the page
# Refresh your browser using ctrl-F5 or something else

Suggestions

2009-07-08T19:13:48Z

Diberri: /* Put an [edit] link at the top of each page */ reorder for usability

== '''Functions''' ==
We need the following:

Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)

Ability to import an End Note Library

Ability to machine translate content into another language

Ability to program in risk calculators

Digg plug in

Ability to date and time stamp approvals by the Editors

Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?

Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"

== '''Program Bugs''' ==

[[Category:Help]]

==List of Templates to be removed==
*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]

==Put an [edit] link at the top of each page==
Solution:
# Copy this text:
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# Go to [http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:YOURUSERNAME/monobook.js&action=edit this page]
#* The page will not be found, so go the URL bar and change YOURUSERNAME to your wiki username, and hit enter.
#* You should get a text box like any other edit page on the wiki
# Save the page
# Refresh your browser using ctrl-F5 or something else

Suggestions

2009-07-08T19:08:53Z

Diberri: edit link

== '''Functions''' ==
We need the following:

Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)

Ability to import an End Note Library

Ability to machine translate content into another language

Ability to program in risk calculators

Digg plug in

Ability to date and time stamp approvals by the Editors

Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?

Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"

== '''Program Bugs''' ==

[[Category:Help]]

==List of Templates to be removed==
*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]

==Put an [edit] link at the top of each page==
Solution:
# Go to [http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:YOURUSERNAME/monobook.js&action=edit this page]
#* The page will not be found, so go the URL bar and change YOURUSERNAME to your wiki username, and hit enter.
#* You should get a text box like any other edit page on the wiki
# Add this text at the bottom of the page:
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# Save the page
# Refresh your browser using ctrl-F5 or something else

User:Diberri/monobook.js

2009-07-08T19:01:18Z

Diberri: edit top

//Deactivating access keys

addOnloadHook(function(){
var columnOne = document.getElementById('column-one');
if (!columnOne) return;
removeKeys(columnOne.getElementsByTagName('a'))
removeKeys(document.getElementsByTagName('input'))
removeKeys(document.getElementsByTagName('label'))
})

function removeKeys(nodeList){
var el;
for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
el = nodeList[i];
if (!el.accessKey) continue;
if (!window.removeAccessKeys || removeAccessKeys.indexOf(el.accessKey) >= 0) {
el.accessKey = ''; //el.setAttribute('accessKey', '');
if (el.title) el.title = el.title.replace(tooltipAccessKeyRegexp, '');
}
}
}

document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=User:Diberri/top_edit.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');

User:Diberri/top edit.js

2009-07-08T18:59:38Z

Diberri: javascript to put edit link at top of page

// This will add an [edit] link at the top of all pages except preview pages and the main page
// Originally by [[User:Pile0nades]], modified by [[User:Gerbrant]].

// Add an [edit] link to pages
hookEvent("load", function ()
{
if(wgCanonicalNamespace == "Special") return;
if(document.getElementById("difference‎")) return;
if(wgTitle == "Main Page") return;

if(wgAction == "view")
{
var divContainer = document.createElement("div");
divContainer.innerHTML = '<div class="editsection" style="float:right;margin-top:1em;font-size:100%;">[<a href="' + wgScript + '?title=' + wgPageName + '&action=edit&section=0" title="Edit introduction">edit</a>]</div>';
var coos = document.getElementById("coordinates");
if(coos) coos.style.right = "4.5em";
document.getElementById("content").insertBefore(
divContainer, document.getElementsByTagName("h1")[0]);
}
else if(window.location.href.indexOf("&action=edit&section=0") != -1)
{
e = document.getElementById("wpSummary");
if(e) e.value = "/* Intro */ " + e.value;
else alert("Cannot find the ‘Edit summary’ textbox.");
}
});

MediaWiki:Monobook.css

2009-07-08T18:53:00Z

Diberri: hide amboxes, red links, and citation-needed messages

/*

==CSS for Monobook skin only==

'''Notice to Administrators!'''

Any changes to [[Mediawiki:Monobook.css|Monobook.css]] should be first proposed on the [[Mediawiki_talk:Monobook.css | talk page]].

Furthermore, changes should probably be made in
[[MediaWiki:Common.css]] rather than this page, unless there is no effect in
[[MediaWiki:Common.css]].

Testing can be done on your own user Monobook.css.
(In '''Mozilla''' and '''Opera''', you can also test style changes dynamically with the [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html test styles] bookmarklet from squarefree.com. It pops up a window for adding style rules, and updates the page as you type.)

Always check with the [http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidoc.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMediaWiki%3AMonobook.css%26action%3Draw%26ctype%3Dtext%2Fcss&usermedium=all W3C CSS Validation Service] after any changes.

Thank you.

<pre><nowiki>*/

/* Don't display some stuff on the main page */
body.page-Main_Page #t-cite,
body.page-Main_Page #lastmod,
body.page-Main_Page #siteSub,
body.page-Main_Page #contentSub,
body.page-Main_Page h1.firstHeading {
display: none !important;
}

/* Donations link to be uncommented during fundraising drives */
#siteNotice {
margin-top:5px;
padding-left: 4px;
font-style: italic;
text-align: center;
background: transparent;
}

/*
#fundraising {
text-align: center;
border: 1px solid gray;
padding: 5px;
}
*/

/****************************/
/* BEGIN LIGHT BLUE SECTION */
/****************************/
/* Make all non-namespace pages have a light blue content area. This is done by
setting the background color for all #content areas to light blue and then
overriding it for any #content enclosed in a .ns-0 (main namespace). I then
do the same for the "tab" background colors. --Lupo */

#content {
background: #F8FCFF; /* a light blue */
}

#content div.thumb {
border-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #content {
background: white;
}

#mytabs li {
background: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #mytabs li {
background: white;
}

#mytabs li a {
background-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #mytabs li a {
background-color: white;
}

#p-cactions li a, #p-cactions li a:hover, #p-cactions li.selected a {
background-color: #F8FCFF;
}

.ns-0 * #p-cactions li a {
background-color: #fbfbfb;
}

.ns-0 * #p-cactions li.selected a, .ns-0 * #p-cactions li a:hover {
background-color: white;
}

.ns-0 * #content div.thumb {
border-color: white;
}

/**************************/
/* END LIGHT BLUE SECTION */
/**************************/

/* block quotations */
#content blockquote {
font-size: 93.75%; /* equivalent of 15px in 16px default */
margin: 1em 1.6em; /* same indent as an unordered list */
}
#content blockquote p {
line-height:inherit;
}

/* Display [[Mediawiki:Tagline]] only in main namespace */
.ns-0 * #siteSub {
display: inline;
font-size: 82%;
font-weight: normal;
}

.ns-0 * #bodyContent #siteSub a {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: transparent;
background-image: none;
padding-right: 0;
}

/* Bold 'edit this page' link to encourage newcomers */
#ca-edit a { font-weight: bold !important; }

/* Display "User $1, you are already logged in!"
([[MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin]]) in red and bold */
div.alreadyloggedin { color: red; font-weight: bold; }

@media print {
/* Do not print edit link in templates using Template:Ed
Do not print certain classes that shouldn't appear on paper */
.editlink, .noprint, .metadata, .dablink { display: none }
#content { background: #fff; } /* white background on print */
}

/* Accessibility experiment: make diff changes not just colour-based */

.diffchange {
font-weight: bold;
background-color: inherit;
}

td.diff-addedline, td.diff-deletedline, td.diff-context {
vertical-align: top;
font-size: 85%;
color: inherit;
}

#pt-login {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 110%;
}

form#userlogin {
float: left;
padding: 1em 1em .7em 1em;
background-color: #ffffe6;
border: 2px solid #fc6;
color: #000;
margin-right: 2em;
}

form#userlogin table {
float: left;
background-color: #ffffe6;
color: #000;
}

p.error {
font-weight: bold;
}

/* Class styles */

/* .toccolours added here because version in
monobook/main.css wasn't being used by the print style */
.toccolours {
border:1px solid #aaa;
background-color:#f9f9f9;
padding:5px;
font-size: 95%;
}

/* Remove padding from external links displayed without icon */
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {padding: 0 !important}

#p-nav h5 {
display: none;
}

.portlet a {
text-decoration: none;
}

.portlet a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}

#p-nav .pBody {
padding-right: 0;
}

#p-nav a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
}

/* Special characters list below edit window works better without underlining */
#editpage-specialchars a { text-decoration: none; }
#editpage-specialchars a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* If you don't want to see special characters list at all,
put the following line in your User:You/monobook.css file
(and remove the slash-asterisk comments) */
/* #editpage-specialchars { display: none; } */

/* Makes the background of a framed image white instead of gray. */
/* Only visible with transparent images. */
/* See #Framed_image_background_color */
div.thumb div a img {
background-color:#fff;
}

/* For positioning icons at top-right, used in Templates
"Spoken Article" and "Featured Article" */

div.topicon {
position:absolute;
z-index:100;
top:10px;
display: block !important;
}

/* try adding here, this had no effect in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] */
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after {
display: none !important
}

#coordinates {
position:absolute;
z-index:1;
border:none;
background:none;
right:30px;
top:3.7em;
float:right;
margin:0.0em;
padding:0.0em;
line-height:1.5em;
text-align:right;
text-indent:0;
font-size:85%;
text-transform:none;
white-space:nowrap;
}

.portlet li {
list-style-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png");
}

li.FA {
list-style-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Monobook-bullet-star.png");
}

.mw-plusminus-pos {
color: #006400;
}

.mw-plusminus-neg {
color: #8B0000;
}

/* Infobox template style */

.infobox {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: black;
}

.infobox.bordered td,
.infobox.bordered th {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th {
border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

.gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #F9F9F9;
}

.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow th {
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* Remove white border from thumbnails */
div.thumb {
border: none;
}

div.tright {
border: none;
margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em;
}

div.tleft {
border: none;
margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0;
}

form#deleteconfirm table {
background-color:transparent;
}

/* Remove "citation needed"
.Template-Fact { display: none }

/* Hiding ambox (article message box) will hide loads of ugly boxes from Wikipedia */
.metadata.ambox { display: none }

/* Remove red links */
a.new {
color: black !important;
text-decoration: none !important;
}
/*</nowiki></pre>*/

Suggestions

2009-07-08T18:46:54Z

Diberri: /* List of Templates to be removed */ add links

== '''Functions''' ==
We need the following:

Ability to indicate who trained who (a geneology function)

Ability to import an End Note Library

Ability to machine translate content into another language

Ability to program in risk calculators

Digg plug in

Ability to date and time stamp approvals by the Editors

Ability to see who is online? and how many users are online?

Ability to have my favorites. "An editable button may link to desired page(s)/chapter"

== '''Program Bugs''' ==

[[Category:Help]]

==List of Templates to be removed==
*[[Template:Copyedit]]
*[[Template:Orphan]]
*[[Template:Merge]]
*[[Template:Expert-subject]]
*[[Template:unreferenced]]
*[[Template:Cleanup]]
*[[Template:Deadend]]
*[[Template:Expand]]
*[[Template:Citations missing]]

User:Diberri/monobook.css

2009-07-08T18:42:02Z

Diberri: del

User:Diberri/monobook.css

2009-07-08T18:26:06Z

Diberri: remove red links; remove {{citation needed}}

a.new {
text-decoration: none !important;
color: black !important;
}

.Template-Fact {
display: none;
}

User:DaveBot

2009-07-08T18:24:43Z

Diberri: format

'''DaveBot''' is really a collection of bots running under a single account. These bots carry out mindless tasks so that others are free to use their time more creatively.

==Tasks==
===Automated tasks===
* <s>[[Acronyms of Clinical Trial Names|Clinical trial acronym redirection]]</s> Done. [[User:Diberri|Diberri]] 21:01, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
* Red link removal (see CSS changes)
* Protein/chemical image imports
* Deletion of pages within specific categories (see also CSS changes)
** [[:Category:Categories containing pages for deletion]] -- use <nowiki>{{</nowiki>delcat}}

===CSS changes===

/* In [[MediaWiki:Monobook.css]] */

a.new {
text-decoration: none !important;
color: black !important;
}

.Template-Fact {
display: none;
}

Antiphospholipid syndrome

2009-07-07T20:43:01Z

Diberri: clean up treatment section

{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
Name = Antiphospholipid syndrome |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|D|68|8|d|65}} ([[ILDS]] D68.810) |
ICD9 = |
ICDO = |
Image = |
Caption = |
OMIM = 107320 |
OMIM_mult = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = med |
eMedicineTopic = 2923 |
DiseasesDB = 775 |
MeshID = D016736 |
}}
{{SI}}

{{CMG}}

{{Editor Help}}

== Overview ==

'''Antiphospholipid syndrome''' (APS or APLS) or '''antiphospholipid antibody syndrome''' is a disorder of [[coagulation]], which causes blood clots ([[thrombosis]]) in both [[artery|arteries]] and [[vein]]s, as well as pregnancy-related complications such as [[miscarriage]], [[Premature birth|preterm delivery]], or severe [[preeclampsia]]. The syndrome occurs due to the [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmune]] production of [[antibody|antibodies]] against [[phospholipid]] (aPL), a [[cell membrane]] substance. In particular, the disease is characterised by antibodies against [[cardiolipin]] ([[anti-cardiolipin antibodies]]) and [[Apolipoprotein H|β<sub>2</sub> glycoprotein I]].

The term "primary antiphospholipid syndrome" is used when APS occurs in the absence of any other related disease. APS is commonly seen in conjunction with other autoimmune diseases; the term "secondary antiphospholipid syndrome" is used when APS coexists with other diseases such as [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE). In rare cases, APS leads to rapid organ failure due to generalised thrombosis and a high risk of death; this is termed "catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome".

Antiphospholipid syndrome is sometimes [[eponym|referred to]] as '''Hughes syndrome''' after the [[rheumatology|rheumatologist]] Dr. Graham R.V. Hughes (St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom) who worked at the Louise Coote Lupus Unit at St Thomas' Hospital in London.

== Pathophysiology & Etiology==

==Pathogenesis==
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an [[autoimmune disease]], in which "antiphospholipid antibodies" (Anticardiolipin antibodies and Lupus anticoagulant) react against proteins that bind to anionic [[phospholipid]]s on [[plasma membrane]]s. Like many [[autoimmune disease]]s, it is more common in women than in men. The exact [[etiology|cause]] is not known, but activation of the system of coagulation is evident. Clinically important antiphospholipid antibodies (those that arise as a result of the autoimmune process) are associated with thrombosis and vascular disease. The syndrome can be divided into primary (no underlying disease state) and secondary (in association with an underlying disease state) forms.
The main target of [[anti-cardiolipin antibodies]] is [[apolipoprotein H]] (commonly referred to as β<sub>2</sub>Glycoprotein 1) and the main target of [[Lupus anticoagulant]] is [[prothrombin]]. Other targets of anti-phospholipid antibodies are protein S, protein C and [[annexin A5]].

The Lupus anticoagulant antibodies are those that show the closest association with thrombosis, those that target β<sub>2</sub>glycoprotein 1 have a greater association with thrombosis than those that target prothrombin.
Anticardiolipin antibodies are associated with thrombosis at moderate to high titres (>40 GPLU or MPLU).
Patients with both Lupus anticoagulant antibodies and moderate/high titre anticardiolipin antibodies show a greater risk of thrombosis than with one alone. <ref>Bick, RL, et al. Antiphospholipid and thrombosis syndromes. Sem Thromb and Hemostasis 1994;20:3. PMID 8059232</ref>
<ref>Cervera, R, et al. Clinicopathologic correlations of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Sem Arth and Rheum 1995;24:262. PMID 7740306</ref>
<ref>Kampe, CE. Clinical syndromes associated with lupus anticoagulants. Sem Thromb and Hemostasis 1994;20:16. PMID 8059230</ref>
<ref>Asherson, RA. The catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Rheum 1992:19:508. PMID 1593568</ref>
<ref>Ruffatti, A, et al. A catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: the importance of high levels of warfarin anticoagulation. J Int Med 1994;325:81. PMID 8283165</ref>
<ref>Neuwelt, CM, et al. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: Response to repeated plasmapheresis. A&R 1997;40:1534. PMID 9259436 </ref>
<ref>Bermas, BL, et al. Prognosis and therapy of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. UpToDate 1997.</ref>
<ref>Khamashta, MT, et al. The management of thrombosis in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. NEJM 1995;332:993. PMID 7885428</ref>
==== Usual Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome====
* Patients with antiphopholipid antibody syndrome and a history of clot have a recurrence rate as high as 0.2 events per year.
* There is an association between the antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic rheumatic disease, though overall more patients do not have systemic rheumatic disease than do. The most common association is with [[SLE]] (termed secondary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, and occurs in about 10-40% of [[SLE]] patients). There is also association with cancer, [[leukemia]], idiopathic/[[immune thrombocytopenic purpura]] ([[ITP]]), [[human immunodeficiency virus]] ([[HIV]]), [[rheumatoid arthritis]] ([[RA]]), [[Sjogren’s]], [[Behcet’s]], and some drugs ([[chlorpromazine]], [[dilantin]], [[hydralazine]], [[quinidine]], [[procainamide]], [[interferon]], [[pyrimethamine]], etc).
* The target of both antibodies may be phospholipid bound to a cofactor.
*:* ''Beta2-glycoprotein-I'' is likely the cofactor in patients with anti-cardiolipin antibodies, and may also be important in patients with a lupus anticoagulant.
*:* ''Prothrombin'' is an important cofactor in patients with lupus anticoagulant.
* ''Beta2-glycoprotein-I'' usually binds negatively charged phospholipids and inhibits contact activation of the clotting cascade and platelet activation. In this syndrome, anitphospholipid antibodies may facilitate thrombosis by inhibiting the anticoagulant effects of beta2-glycoprotein-I. In the future, a test for antibodies to beta2-glycoprotein-I may be used clinically.
* The vascular disease of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is not due to [[vasculitis]]. The characteristic histopathologic finding is thrombotic microangiopathy.
* Anticardiolipin antibody
*:* The antibody is directed against ''beta2-glycoprotein-I'' and cardiolipin, a phospholipid component of cell membranes, also used as an antigen in the assay for syphilis (why [[syphilis]] elicits an antibody response to cardiolipin is not clear).
*:* Patients with anticardiolipin antibody are more likely to have ''arterial clots'' than those with lupus anticoagulant. These patients are also at increased risk for early coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) graft occlusion, precocious coronary artery disease (CAD), and valvular heart disease.
* Lupus Anticoagulant
*:* Lupus anticoagulant is a misnomer: it’s actually a pro-coagulant in vivo, and is often seen in patients without lupus. It usually (not always) elevates the lab reading of the partial thromboplastin time (PTT).
*:* Lupus anticoagulant is also directed against the phospholipid membrane, and requires the cofactor prothrombin.

==== Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ====
* A subset of patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome develop a catastrophic illness characterized by progressive, severe arterial and venous thrombosis in multiple organs, often leading to death.
* Though specific diagnostic criteria have not been established, some have suggested that criteria include documented thrombosis in 3 or more organs.
*:* Commonly involved organs include the central nervous system (CNS), kidney and distal extremities with [[acral necrosis]]. Hypertension is also commonly present, and may be malignant.
*:*:* CNS manifestations may be quite heterogeneous, including [[confusion]], focal signs, and/or [[seizures]].
*:*:* [[Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome]] ([[ARDS]]) may be present
*:*:* Signficant cardiac necrosis has been described
*:*:* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]] has been described
*:*:* Liver and gastrointestinal tract infarctions have been described
*:*:* [[Oliguria]] and rapidly deteriorating renal function may be observed.
*:* Histopathology shows evidence of multiple small and/or large vessel occlusions.
* Frequently no specific etiology is identifiable, and patients present quite suddenly without any obvious precipiting factors.

==Diagnosis==
Antiphospholipid syndrome is tested for in the [[laboratory]] using both liquid phase coagulation assays ([[lupus anticoagulant]]) and solid phase [[ELISA]] assays ([[anti-cardiolipin antibodies]]).

Genetic thrombophilia is part of the differential diagnosis of APS and can coexist in some APS patients. Thus genetic thrombophilia screening can consist of:
* Further studies for [[Factor V Leiden]] variant and the [[thrombin|prothrombin mutation]], [[Factor VIII]] levels, [[MTHFR]] mutation.
* Levels of [[protein C]], free and total [[protein S]], [[Factor VIII]], [[antithrombin]], [[plasminogen]], [[tissue plasminogen activator]] (TPA) and [[plasminogen activator inhibitor-1]] (PAI-1)

The testing of antibodies to the possible individual targets of aPL such as [[Apolipoprotein H|β<sub>2</sub> Glycoprotein 1]] and antiphosphatidyl serine is currently under debate as testing for anticardiolipin appears to be currently sensitive and specific for diagnosis of APS even though [[cardiolipin]] is not considered an [[in vivo]] target for antiphospholipid antibodies.

==Signs and symptoms==
The presence of ''antiphospholipid antibodies'' (aPL) in the absence of blood clots or pregnancy-related complications does not indicate APS (see below for the diagnosis of APS).

Antiphosphilipid syndrome can cause ([[artery|arterial]]/[[vein|venous]]) [[blood clot]]s (in any organ system) or [[pregnancy]]-related complications (especially [[miscarriage]] in the second or third [[trimester]]). In APS patients, the most common venous event is [[deep vein thrombosis]] of the lower extremities (blood clot of the deep veins of the legs) and the most common arterial event is [[stroke]].

Other common findings, although not part of the APS Classification Criteria, are [[thrombocytopenia]] (low [[platelet]] count), heart valve disease, and [[livedo reticularis]] (a [[skin]] condition). Some patients report [[headache]]s and [[migraine]]s. Antiphospholipid syndrome can rarely mimic [[multiple sclerosis]] with an estimated 10% of patients misdiagnosed.

Very few patients with primary APS go on to develop [[SLE]].

=== Usual Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome===
* Associated sign and symptoms may include:
*:* Major Features:
*:*:* Venous thrombosis
*:*:* Arterial thrombosis
*:*:* Thrombocytopenia
*:*:* Recurrent fetal loss
*:* Minor Features:
*:*:* Migraine
*:*:* Livedo reticularis
*:*:* Endocardial valvular vegetations
*:*:* Transverse myelopathy
*:*:* Chorea
*:*:* Leg ulcers
* Other signs and symptoms include:
*:* [[Myocardial Infarction]]
*:* Stroke
*:* Pulmonary embolism
*:* Amaurosis fugax
*:* Retinal infarct
*:* Other visceral infarct
*:* Peripheral or deep venous occlusion
*:* Raynaud’s syndrome
*:* Pulmonary hypertension
*:* Avascular necrosis
*:* Recurrent fetal loss (especially in the 2nd or 3rd trimester)
*:* Pre-eclampsia
*:* Adrenal insufficiency
*:* Coomb’s positive hemolysis
*:* Sudden multi-systemic occlusion (the Catastropic antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome).

===Lupus anticoagulant===
This is tested for by using a minimum of two coagulation tests that are phospholipid sensitive this is due to the heterogeneous nature of the [[lupus anticoagulant]] antibodies. The patient on initial screening will typically have been found to have a prolonged [[APTT]] that does not correct in an 80:20 mixture with normal human [[Blood plasma|plasma]] (50:50 mixes with normal plasma are insensitive to all but the highest antibody levels). The APTT (plus 80:20 mix), [[dilute Russell's viper venom time]] (DRVVT), the kaolin clotting time (KCT), dilute thromboplastin time (TDT/DTT) or [[Prothrombin time]] (using a lupus sensitive [[thromboplastin]]) are the principal tests used for the detection of [[lupus anticoagulant]]. These tests must be carried out on a minimum of two occasions at least 6 weeks apart and be positive on each occasion demonstrating persistent positivity to allow a diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. This is to prevent patients with transient positive tests (due to infection etc) being diagnosed as positive.

Distinguishing a lupus antibody from a specific coagulation factor inhibitor (eg: [[Factor VIII]]). This is normally achieved by differentiating the effects of a lupus anticoagulant on factor assays from the effects of a specific coagulation factor antibody.
The lupus anticoagulant will inhibit all the contact activation pathway antibodies ([[Factor VIII]], [[Factor IX]], [[Factor XI]] and [[Factor XII]]). Lupus anticoagulant will also rarely cause a factor assay to give a result lower than 35 iudl (35%) where as a specific factor antibody will rarely give a result higher than 10iudl (10%).
Monitoring IV anticoagulant therapy by the APTR is compromised due to the effects of the lupus anticoagulant and in these situations is generally best performed using a chromogenic assay based on the inhibition of [[Factor Xa]] by [[Antithrombin]] in the presence of [[Heparin]].

===Anticardiolipin antibodies===
These can be detected using an [[ELISA|enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]] (ELISA) [[immunology|immunological test]], which screens for the presence of β<sub>2</sub>glycoprotein 1 dependent anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA).

A [[Thrombocytopenia|Low platelet count]] and positivity for antibodies against β<sub>2</sub>-glycoprotein 1 or [[phosphatidylserine]] may also be observed in a positive diagnosis.

==Diagnostic Criteria==
The diagnosis of APS is made in case of a clinical event (vascular thrombosis or pregnancy event) '''and''' repeated positive tests of aPL performed 12 weeks apart (repeat aPL testing is necessary due to the naturally occurring presence of transient low levels of aPL following infections).

The Updated Sapporo APS Classification Criteria are commonly used for APS diagnosis.<ref>Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:295-306)</ref> Based on these criteria, APS diagnosis requires:
* a) ''Vascular Thrombosis'' (blood clots) in any organ or tissue '''or''' ''Pregnancy Event'' (one or more miscarriages after 10th week of gestation, three or more miscarriages before 10th week of gestation, or one or more premature births before 34th week of gestation due to [[eclampsia]]) '''and'''
* b) ''Persistenly (12 weeks apart) Positive aPL'' (lupus anticoagulant test, moderate-to-high titer anticardiolipin antibodies, or moderate-to-high titer β<sub>2</sub>-glycoprotein-I antibodies).

The International Consensus Statement is commonly used for Catastrophic APS diagnosis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Asherson RA, Cervera R, de Groot PG, ''et al'' |title=Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines |journal=Lupus |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=530-4 |year=2003 |pmid=12892393 |doi=}}</ref> Based on this statement, Definite CAPS diagnosis requires:
* a) Vascular Thrombosis in three or more organs or tissues '''and'''
* b) Development of manifestations simultaneously or in less than a week '''and''
* c) Evidence of small vessel thrombosis in at least one organ or tissue '''and'''
* d) Laboratory confirmation of the presence of aPL.

Some serological tests for syphilis may be positive in aPL-positive patients (aPL bind to the lipids in the test and make it come out positive) although the more specific tests for syphilis that use recombinant antigens will be negative.

== Differential Diagnosis ==
* Hemolytic uremic syndrome-Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HUS-TTP)
* [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]] (DIC)
* Vasculitis
* Embolic disease
* Cryoglobinemia
* [[Calciphylaxis]]

==Treatment==
The cornerstone of therapy for symptomatic antiphospholipid syndrome hinges on platelet inhibition with or without [[anticoagulation]]. Platelet inhibition is often achieved with [[aspirin]], while [[warfarin]] and [[heparin]] are the mainstays of anticoagulation. Generally there is no indication for primary prophylaxis. Immunosuppression, the use of [[intravenous immunoglobulin]], and [[plasmapheresis]] have also been used with modest success.

===Anticoagulation===
When anticoagulation with warfarin is pursued, some authors recommend a goal INR of 3.0-4.0.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Horton JD, Bushwick BM |title=Warfarin therapy: evolving strategies in anticoagulation |journal=American family physician |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=635-646 |year=1999 |pmid=10029789 |doi=}}</ref> However, the current standard of care targets a therapeutic INR of 2.0-3.0 following initial venous thromboembolism, and an INR >3.0 for an arterial event or venous thrombosis refractory to anticoagulation.<ref name="pmid18050167">{{cite journal |author=Ruiz-Irastorza G, Hunt BJ, Khamashta MA |title=A systematic review of secondary thromboprophylaxis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies |journal=Arthritis and Rheumatism |volume=57 |issue=8 |pages=1487–95 |year=2007 |month=December |pmid=18050167 |doi=10.1002/art.23109 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.23109}}</ref> Khamashta et al in a study of 147 patients with usual antiphopholipid antibody syndrome showed a low rate of recurrent thrombosis in patients with INR >3, with a risk of 7.1% bleeding complications per patient year (a third of which were serious).

====Anticoagulation in pregnancy====
{{main|Anticoagulation in pregnancy}}

During pregnancy, [[low molecular weight heparin]] and low-dose [[aspirin]] are used to avoid warfarin's teratogenicity. Women with recurrent miscarriage are often advised to take aspirin and to start low molecular weight heparin treatment after missing a menstrual cycle.

===Platelet inhibition===
Aspirin is frequently added to a regimen of chronic anticoagulation, particularly when patients experience recurrent thrombosis despite therapeutic aticoagulation. However data demonstrating additive benefit are lacking.

===Immunosuppression===
It is not clear that immunosuppression is beneficial, particularly in patients who do not have an underlying autoimmune process. Nevertheless, immunosuppression is often tried in patients who have failed usual anticoagulation. Steroids, for example [[prednisone]] 1 mg/kg (or equivalent), has been used with moderate success. Pulse solumedrol IV 1 g/d for 3 days is an alternative regimen. [[Cyclophosphamide]], either oral or pulse IV, has demonstrated modest utility.

Other, more desperate interventions include [[intravenous immunoglobulin]] and [[plasmapheresis]]. The latter has been shown via case reports to have efficacy in patients who have failed other interventions.

===Treatment of catastrophic disease===
Optimal treatment has not been clearly defined in this condition. We are limited to data from small case report studies. These patients often display a fulminant course with rapid multiorgan system failure, so multiple interventions are often desperately tried in hopes that the patient might respond to something and survive.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* Triona Holden. "Positive Options for Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome" ISBN 0-89793-409-1.
* Kay Thackray. ''Sticky Blood''. ISBN 1-898030-77-4. A personal account of dealing with the condition.

==External links==
*[http://www.apsfa.org APS Foundation of America, Inc.]
*[http://www.hughes-syndrome.org Hughes Syndrome Foundation]

{{Autoantibodies}}
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ST elevation myocardial infarction rescue percutaneous coronary intervention

2009-07-07T17:07:35Z

Diberri: /* ACC / AHA Guidelines (DO NOT EDIT) */ Remove "(do not edit)", move content to template, add some prose

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Name = Myocardial infarction|
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ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|21||i|20}}-{{ICD10|I|22||i|20}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|410}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = 000195 |
eMedicineSubj = med |
eMedicineTopic = 1567 |
eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|327}} {{eMedicine2|ped|2520}} |
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{{WikiDoc Cardiology Network Infobox}}
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}

'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' Vijayalakshmi Kunadian M.B.B.S., M.D., M.R.C.P

{{Editor Join}}

==[[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Rescue Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|Rescue PCI]]==

Stated simply, this is performance of a PCI in a closed artery following fibrinolytic therapy. Rescue PCI is defined as the intent to administer a fibrinolytic agent in the setting of STEMI, and the performance of PCI for failure of the fibrinolytic agents is unintended. If there are clinical signs and symptoms of failure of the fibrinolytic agent to achieve reperfusion, then rescue PCI is performed to open the totally occluded artery. The strategy differs from facilitated PCI, a strategy in which the intent is to administer a fibrinolytic agent, and routinely perform PCI in the majority of patients even in the presence of or irrespective of signs and symptoms of successful fibrinolytic reperfusion. Rescue PCI is the subject of this chapter.

==Strategies that Rescue PCI should be distinguised from:==
===[[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|Primary PCI]]===

Primary PCI is defined as the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (either conventional balloon angioplasty or coronary stent placement) in the setting of ST elevation MI (STEMI) without antecedent treatment with a fibrinolytic agent. The chapter on [[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|Primary PCI]] can be found [[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|here]].

===[[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Facilitated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|Facilitated PCI]]===

Facilitated PCI is defined as the intent to perform a PCI (either conventional balloon angioplasty or coronary stent placement) in the setting of STEMI following treatment with either a full dose or half dose of a fibrinolytic agent. This approach is also termed a pharmaco-invasive strategy. This strategy differs from rescue or adjunctive PCI in that the intent of facilitated PCI is to perform PCI, and the administration of a fibrinolytic agent is intended to improve the PCI results. The chapter on [[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Facilitated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|Facilitated PCI]] can be found [[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Facilitated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|here]].

===[[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Adjunctive Percutaneous Coronary Intervention|Adjunctive PCI]]===

Stated simply, this is performance of a PCI in an open artery following fibrinolytic therapy. Adjunctive PCI is defined as the intent to administer fibrinolytic agent in the setting of STEMI, and the performance of PCI for partial success of the fibrinolytic agent is unintended. If there are clinical signs and symptoms of incomplete reperfusion, then adjunctive PCI is performed to further open a patent artery (one with TIMI grade 2 or 3 flow). The strategy differs from facilitated PCI in that the intent is to administer a fibrinolytic agent, and the performance of PCI is intended to improve the fibrinolytic results.

==Background==

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the optimal treatment for patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) if it is available in a timely fashion and can be performed by highly skilled interventional cardiologists. However, worldwide, fibrinolytic therapy continues to be used as the first line therapy in 30-70% of the population for the management of this condition <ref name="pmid11844506">{{cite journal |author=Eagle KA, Goodman SG, Avezum A, Budaj A, Sullivan CM, López-Sendón J |title=Practice variation and missed opportunities for reperfusion in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) |journal=Lancet |volume=359 |issue=9304 |pages=373–7 |year=2002 |month=February |pmid=11844506 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07595-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7905143">{{cite journal |author= |title=Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' (FTT) Collaborative Group |journal=Lancet |volume=343 |issue=8893 |pages=311–22 |year=1994 |month=February |pmid=7905143 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. Fibrinolytic therapy has, however, a number of limitations. For instance, TIMI grade 3 flow is restored in only 54% of patients <ref name="pmid9860780">{{cite journal |author=Cannon CP, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, ''et al'' |title=TNK-tissue plasminogen activator compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI 10B trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10B Investigators |journal=Circulation |volume=98 |issue=25 |pages=2805–14 |year=1998 |pmid=9860780 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9860780}}</ref>. Of these, around 5-10% of patients experience reocclusion of the infarct related artery following initial successful reperfusion using fibrinolytic therapy.

Previous ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) trials have suggested full reperfusion of the infarct artery (TIMI grade 3 flow) is associated with improved clinical outcomes <ref name="pmid8712096">{{cite journal |author=Anderson JL, Karagounis LA, Califf RM |title=Metaanalysis of five reported studies on the relation of early coronary patency grades with mortality and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |year=1996 |month=July |pmid=8712096 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002914996002172}}</ref>. Therefore restoration of coronary artery blood flow and myocardial perfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) when a fibrinolytic agent has failed to restore complete flow appears to be a reasonable strategy.

==Clinical trials==

Although reports have been available since the mid 1980s regarding the use of rescue angioplasty, these data may now be mostly of historical interest as there have been significant developments in angioplasty techniques and in adjunctive pharmacotherapy. Preliminary studies on rescue angioplasty were first performed as part of large fibrinolytic trials. In the TAMI-5 trial, the benefit of rescue angioplasty was assessed among those who had fibrinolysis using TPA, urokinase and combination of both fibrinolytics. Among those who underwent rescue angioplasty for failed fibrinolysis, there was a trend towards increased patency rates of the infarct arteries on predischarge angiography compared to those who had delayed procedures (95% vs. 90%, p=0.065), improvement in regional wall motion abnormality in the infarct artery territory (p=0.004) and more patients were free from adverse events (67% vs. 55%, p=0.004) <ref name="pmid1902405">{{cite journal |author=Califf RM, Topol EJ, Stack RS, ''et al'' |title=Evaluation of combination thrombolytic therapy and timing of cardiac catheterization in acute myocardial infarction. Results of thrombolysis and angioplasty in myocardial infarction--phase 5 randomized trial. TAMI Study Group |journal=Circulation |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=1543–56 |year=1991 |month=May |pmid=1902405 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.

Rescue angioplasty however, is faced with logistical hurdle of requiring transfer of patients to a PCI center. The feasibility of transfer of patients was studied by Vermeer et al <ref name="pmid10490554">{{cite journal |author=Vermeer F, Oude Ophuis AJ, vd Berg EJ, ''et al'' |title=Prospective randomised comparison between thrombolysis, rescue PTCA, and primary PTCA in patients with extensive myocardial infarction admitted to a hospital without PTCA facilities: a safety and feasibility study |journal=Heart |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=426–31 |year=1999 |month=October |pmid=10490554 |pmc=1760265 |doi= |url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10490554}}</ref>. Patients were randomized to treatment with alteplase, fibrinolysis and transfer for rescue PTCA and primary PTCA. There was no significant difference in mortality between the three groups and the transport of patients was not associated with significant problems <ref name="pmid1902405">{{cite journal |author=Califf RM, Topol EJ, Stack RS, ''et al'' |title=Evaluation of combination thrombolytic therapy and timing of cardiac catheterization in acute myocardial infarction. Results of thrombolysis and angioplasty in myocardial infarction--phase 5 randomized trial. TAMI Study Group |journal=Circulation |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=1543–56 |year=1991 |month=May |pmid=1902405 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.

These initial studies led to randomized trials to evaluate the potential benefit of rescue angioplasty compared with conservative management. An initial randomized study of rescue angioplasty was performed by Ellis et al (RESCUE I) to determine the benefit of rescue angioplasty versus a conservative strategy for patients aged 21-79 years with failed reperfusion using fibrinolytic agents <ref name="pmid7955184">{{cite journal |author=Ellis SG, da Silva ER, Heyndrickx G, ''et al'' |title=Randomized comparison of rescue angioplasty with conservative management of patients with early failure of thrombolysis for acute anterior myocardial infarction |journal=Circulation |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=2280–4 |year=1994 |month=November |pmid=7955184 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. This study included 151 patients with anterior myocardial infarction from 20 centers. Patients were randomized to rescue balloon angioplasty (n=78) or conservative therapy consisting of aspirin, heparin and vasodilators (n=73) following coronary angiography if the infarct related artery was occluded. Balloon angioplasty was technically successful in 92% of patients. Although there was no difference in the resting ejection fraction between the two groups, there was a significant improvement in the exercise ejection fraction with rescue angioplasty (43±15% vs. 38±13% with the conservative therapy, p=0.04). There was also benefit observed in terms of reduction in combined heart failure or death using the rescue strategy compared to the conservative strategy (6% vs. 17%, p=0.05). However, rescue angioplasty was not associated with a difference in death (5% vs. 10%, p=0.18) or heart failure (1% vs. 7%, p=0.11). This study had a number of limitations including the relatively small study sample size which consisted of patients with only anterior infarcts undergoing intervention in the left anterior descending artery. Patients with previous myocardial infarction and left main stem diseases were excluded from the study. Stents and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were not used in this study. This study was followed later by two small randomized studies which demonstrated a potential benefit of the rescue strategy <ref name="pmid1617519">{{cite journal |author=Belenkie I, Traboulsi M, Hall CA, ''et al'' |title=Rescue angioplasty during myocardial infarction has a beneficial effect on mortality: a tenable hypothesis |journal=Can J Cardiol |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=357–62 |year=1992 |month=May |pmid=1617519 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10827386">{{cite journal |author=Ellis SG, Da Silva ER, Spaulding CM, Nobuyoshi M, Weiner B, Talley JD |title=Review of immediate angioplasty after fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: insights from the RESCUE I, RESCUE II, and other contemporary clinical experiences |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=139 |issue=6 |pages=1046–53 |year=2000 |month=June |pmid=10827386 |doi=10.1067/mhj.2000.106624 |url=}}</ref>.

In addition to these small randomized trials, the TIMI study group evaluated the benefit of rescue angioplasty in the TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) trials (TIMI 10B-14) <ref name="pmid11676942">{{cite journal |author=Schweiger MJ, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, ''et al'' |title=Early coronary intervention following pharmacologic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (the combined TIMI 10B-TIMI 14 experience) |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=88 |issue=8 |pages=831–6 |year=2001 |month=October |pmid=11676942 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(01)01887-2}}</ref> in a non-randomized analysis. In an analysis of 1938 patients from TIMI 10B-14 studies, the investigators demonstrated that rescue angioplasty was associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality compared to conservative strategy (6% vs. 17%, p=0.01). Combined death and repeat myocardial infarction was also reduced in the rescue group (8% vs. 19%, p=0.01). Although in contrast to the RESCUE I study, abciximab was used in 45% of patients in the rescue group, this analysis is limited by the fact that this was not randomized. All patients who had acute myocardial infarction and were treated with fibrinolytic therapy (TNK or tPA) underwent coronary angiography at 90 minutes. If the infarct artery demonstrated TIMI 0/1 flow, rescue angioplasty was performed and if there was TIMI 2/3 flow adjunctive angioplasty was performed. Delayed angioplasty was performed among patients who presented >150 minutes after symptom onset. There was no difference in the outcome between the adjunctive and delayed PCI groups.

These data were subsequently followed by another sub-analysis from the TIMI 10B trial which provided outcome information for up to two years among patients undergoing rescue angioplasty compared to those who undergo medical therapy. In this analysis, rescue angioplasty was associated with improved mortality which extended to two years (p=0.03). Stents were used in 21% of patients who underwent rescue PCI and 3.1% of patients received glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor <ref name="pmid11997276">{{cite journal |author=Gibson CM, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, Marble SJ, Barron HV, Braunwald E |title=Relationship of the TIMI myocardial perfusion grades, flow grades, frame count, and percutaneous coronary intervention to long-term outcomes after thrombolytic administration in acute myocardial infarction |journal=Circulation |volume=105 |issue=16 |pages=1909–13 |year=2002 |month=April |pmid=11997276 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11997276}}</ref>. In addition, this study also demonstrated that regardless of whether patients underwent rescue or adjunctive PCI and achieved TIMI grade 3 flow, the presence of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2/3 was associated with improved mortality.

In 2004, a moderate sized randomized study of patients undergoing rescue PCI versus conservative therapy for failed reperfusion using fibrinolytic therapy was published <ref name="pmid15261920">{{cite journal |author=Sutton AG, Campbell PG, Graham R, ''et al'' |title=A randomized trial of rescue angioplasty versus a conservative approach for failed fibrinolysis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the Middlesbrough Early Revascularization to Limit INfarction (MERLIN) trial |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=287–96 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15261920 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.059 |url=}}</ref>. The MERLIN trial (Middlesbrough Early Revascularization to Limit Infarction) consisted of 307 patients who were randomized to rescue PCI (n=153) and conservative therapy (n=154). There was no mortality benefit at 30 days for rescue PCI compared to conservative treatment (9.8% vs. 11%, p=0.7). However, there were differences in the composite secondary endpoints which consisted of death, reinfarction, stroke, subsequent revascularization and heart failure with a favorable outcome observed in the rescue group compared to the conservative group (37.3% vs. 50%, p=0.02). This difference was mainly due to an increase in subsequent revascularization in the conservative group compared to the rescue group (20.1% vs. 6.5%, p=0.01). In contrast, in the rescue angioplasty group, 4.6% of patients had a stroke or transfusion compared to 0.6% in the conservative group, p=0.03. Similar results were observed at 1 year and 3 year follow-up <ref name="pmid16162629">{{cite journal |author=Sutton AG, Campbell PG, Graham R, ''et al'' |title=One year results of the Middlesbrough early revascularisation to limit infarction (MERLIN) trial |journal=Heart |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=1330–7 |year=2005 |month=October |pmid=16162629 |pmc=1769146 |doi=10.1136/hrt.2004.047753 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17452151">{{cite journal |author=Kunadian B, Sutton AG, Vijayalakshmi K, ''et al'' |title=Early invasive versus conservative treatment in patients with failed fibrinolysis--no late survival benefit: the final analysis of the Middlesbrough Early Revascularisation to Limit Infarction (MERLIN) randomized trial |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=153 |issue=5 |pages=763–71 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17452151 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2007.02.021 |url=}}</ref>. It should be noted that stenting (50.3%) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (3.3%) were used infrequently in the MERLIN trial.
Subsequent to the MERLIN trial, the REACT (Rescue Angioplasty vs. Conservative or repeat Thrombolysis) trial (another UK trial) results were published <ref name="pmid16382062">{{cite journal |author=Gershlick AH, Stephens-Lloyd A, Hughes S, ''et al'' |title=Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=353 |issue=26 |pages=2758–68 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16382062 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050849 |url=}}</ref>. The REACT trial randomized 427 patients into three different groups. In addition to the conservative (n=141) and the rescue arms (n=144), the REACT trial had a repeat lysis arm (n=142). This study demonstrated that the event free survival (freedom from death, reinfarction, stroke or severe heart failure) was significantly greater in the rescue PCI group (84.6%) compared to the conservative group (70.1%) and the repeat lysis group (68.7%), p=0.004. Non fatal bleeding events were more common in the rescue PCI arm. Freedom from repeat revascularization was lower in the conservative group (77.6%) and the repeat lysis group (74.4%) compared to the rescue group (86.2%), p=0.05.

A sub-analysis from the REACT trial studied patients who were ≥70 years of age. The 6-month event free survival was significantly better among those who underwent rescue PCI compared to repeat lysis and conservative treatments (77.2% vs. 49.5% vs. 51.7%, p=0.031). There was also a trend towards reduced mortality and improved survival among those who had rescue PCI compared to repeat lysis and conservative treatment (87.5% vs. 69.4% vs. 69%, p=0.123). There was no increase in the incidence of minor or major bleeding events among the elderly in all three groups. This study suggests that rescue PCI in the elderly in the absence of cardiogenic shock might be a beneficial strategy <ref name="pmid17482689">{{cite journal |author=Alp NJ, Gershlick AH, Carver A, Stevens SE, Wilcox R |title=Rescue angioplasty for failed thrombolysis in older patients: insights from the REACT trial |journal=Int. J. Cardiol. |volume=125 |issue=2 |pages=254–7 |year=2008 |month=April |pmid=17482689 |doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.03.107 |url=}}</ref>.

A number of differences between the MERLIN and the REACT trials might explain the differences in outcomes between the two trials. First, MERLIN included patients who had <50% ST segment resolution at 60 minutes as opposed to 90 minutes in the REACT trial. Second, 96.4% of patients in the MERLIN trial received streptokinase (SK) and 60% of patients received SK in the REACT trial. Third, operators in the MERLIN trial used stents (50.3% vs. 68.5%) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (3.3% vs. 43.4%) less frequently compared to the REACT trial.

Given the differences in the outcomes with rescue angioplasty among the randomized trials, three meta-analyses on rescue PCI have been performed. While the studies had different inclusion and exclusion criteria, overall rescue PCI was associated with a reduction in mortality and heart failure at 30 days. Rescue PCI was also associated with reduced reinfarction. These benefits however, occur at a risk of an increased risk of stroke and bleeding events <ref name="pmid16765114">{{cite journal |author=Patel TN, Bavry AA, Kumbhani DJ, Ellis SG |title=A meta-analysis of randomized trials of rescue percutaneous coronary intervention after failed fibrinolysis |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=1685–90 |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16765114 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.028 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17010790">{{cite journal |author=Collet JP, Montalescot G, Le May M, Borentain M, Gershlick A |title=Percutaneous coronary intervention after fibrinolysis: a multiple meta-analyses approach according to the type of strategy |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=48 |issue=7 |pages=1326–35 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17010790 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.064 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17258087">{{cite journal |author=Wijeysundera HC, Vijayaraghavan R, Nallamothu BK, ''et al'' |title=Rescue angioplasty or repeat fibrinolysis after failed fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=422–30 |year=2007 |month=January |pmid=17258087 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.033 |url=}}</ref>.

==Rescue PCI in the setting of cardiogenic shock==

Randomized studies excluded patients in cardiogenic shock, a group of patients that might derive particular benefit. To this end, a prospective analysis consisted of patients who underwent primary PCI (n=65) and rescue PCI (n=59) in the setting of cardiogenic shock. In this study, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 42% of cases in the primary PCI group and 20% of cases in the rescue PCI group (p=0.01). TIMI flow grade 3 was achieved in 74% of cases in the primary PCI group and only in 56% of cases in the rescue PCI group (p=0.04). One year mortality was significantly increased in the rescue PCI group compared to the primary PCI group (71% vs. 49%, p=0.01). Among patients who were >70 years of age rescue PCI was associated with 100% mortality rate at one year compared to the primary PCI group (70%). This study demonstrates that rescue PCI in the setting of cardiogenic shock is not associated with favorable mortality outcomes <ref name="pmid17476036">{{cite journal |author=Kunadian B, Vijayalakshmi K, Dunning J, ''et al'' |title=Should patients in cardiogenic shock undergo rescue angioplasty after failed fibrinolysis: comparison of primary versus rescue angioplasty in cardiogenic shock patients |journal=J Invasive Cardiol |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=217–23 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17476036 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.

==Predictors of Failed Rescue PCI and 1-year Mortality==

A recent study analyzed 440 patients undergoing coronary angiography for failed fibrinolysis. Of these, 318 patients underwent rescue PCI. Rescue PCI was successful in 77% of cases (no in-lab death or emergency coronary artery bypass surgery and TIMI 3 flow). A successful procedure was associated with lower 1-year mortality compared to a failed procedure (14% vs. 43%). Older patients, diabetics, anterior infarcts, inter-hospital transfers, not current smokers and those in cardiogenic shock were likely to have a failed procedure. One year mortality was associated with older age (>75 years), cardiogenic shock and <TIMI 3 flow at the completion of the procedure <ref name="pmid18231990">{{cite journal |author=Kunadian B, Vijayalakshmi K, Dunning J, ''et al'' |title=Rescue angioplasty after failed fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction: predictors of a failed procedure and 1-year mortality |journal=Catheter Cardiovasc Interv |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=138–45 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18231990 |doi=10.1002/ccd.21273 |url=}}</ref>.

==Comparison with early transfer for PCI following pharmacotherapy==

In situations where it is not always possible to transport patients to a PPCI center, in addition to a strategy of rescue PCI, the concept of a pharmaco-invasive strategy has been tested. While rescue PCI is performed when there is failed reperfusion with fibrinolytic therapy, facilitated PCI involves pretreatment with a fibrinolytic, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor or a combination of both fibrinolytic and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in order to improve the outcomes of subsequent planned percutaneous coronary intervention.

In a recent study, Di Mario and co-workers demonstrated that immediate transfer for PCI following the administration of half dose fibrinolytic and a full dose abciximab among patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction was associated with improved clinical outcomes when compared to a conservative watchful waiting strategy in the CARESS-in-AMI trial (Combined Abciximab Reteplase Stent Study in Acute Myocardial Infarction) <ref name="pmid18280326">{{cite journal |author=Di Mario C, Dudek D, Piscione F, ''et al'' |title=Immediate angioplasty versus standard therapy with rescue angioplasty after thrombolysis in the Combined Abciximab REteplase Stent Study in Acute Myocardial Infarction (CARESS-in-AMI): an open, prospective, randomised, multicentre trial |journal=Lancet |volume=371 |issue=9612 |pages=559–68 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18280326 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60268-8 |url=}}</ref>. A total of 600 patients treated with half dose reteplase, full dose abciximab, aspirin and heparin were randomized to either immediate transfer for PCI or transfer only in case of failed reperfusion (rescue group) or clinical deterioration. A total of 255 patients in the immediate transfer group underwent PCI and 91 patients in the conservative group underwent PCI for failed reperfusion. The 30-day mortality was lower in the immediate transfer group compared to the conservative group (4.4% vs. 10.7, p=0.004). There was no increase in bleeding events in the early PCI group (3.4% vs. 2.3%, p=0.47). Thus, early PCI after fibrinolytic administration is a better strategy than a watchful waiting conservative strategy.

This study has been characterized as testing the hypothesis that facilitated PCI would improve PCI outcomes. However, it is important to note that the study is not truly a study of a facilitated PCI strategy. The CARESS-in-AMI study determines whether early PCI improves pharmacotherapy outcomes. This study determines whether immediate transfer for PCI following the administration of half dose lytic and abciximab improves outcomes in the setting where a primary PCI facility is not readily available compared with a conservative strategy where rescue PCI is performed only in the setting of evidence of failed reperfusion or clinical deterioration. In order to test a facilitated PCI strategy, all patients would undergo PCI, and they would be randomized to receive either pharmacotherapy or placebo before the PCI. This would determine whether patients benefit from pre PCI pharmacotherapy.

==Recommendations==

Based on the evidences from the rescue PCI trials, the 2007 focused update of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2004 guidelines on the management of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction provides a Class I indication for performing rescue angioplasty among patients who have failed fibrinolysis and have cardiogenic shock (among patients <75 years of age) [level of evidence B], severe heart failure and or pulmonary edema (level of evidence B) and hemodynamically compromising ventricular arrhythmias (level of evidence C) <ref name="pmid18071078">{{cite journal |author=Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, ''et al'' |title=2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee |journal=Circulation |volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=296–329 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18071078 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188209 |url=}}</ref>.

==Guidelines and recommendations==
In 2007, the ACC/AHA published a focused update to their 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with STEMI:<ref name="pmid18071078">{{cite journal |author=Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, ''et al'' |title=2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee |journal=Circulation |volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=296–329 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18071078 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188209 |url=}}</ref>

{{ACC/AHA 2007 STEMI focused update recommendation}}

==Conclusions==

Rescue PCI is associated with improved mortality and heart failure compared to conservative treatment. In small studies, the benefit of this therapy in elderly patients with cardiogenic shock is not clear.

==Sources==
*The 2004 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction <ref name="pmid15339869">{{cite journal |author=Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M, Hochman JS, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lamas GA, Mullany CJ, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Sloan MA, Smith SC, Alpert JS, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Gregoratos G, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK |title=ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction) |journal=Circulation |volume=110 |issue=9 |pages=e82–292 |year=2004 |month=August |pmid=15339869 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15339869}}</ref>

*The 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction <ref name="pmid18071078">{{cite journal |author=Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, ''et al'' |title=2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee |journal=Circulation |volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=296–329 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18071078 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188209 |url=}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|2}}

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Template talk:ACC/AHA 2007 STEMI focused update recommendation

2009-07-07T17:05:24Z

Diberri: reference

{{cite journal |author=Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, ''et al.'' |title=2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee |journal=Circulation |volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=296–329 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18071078 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188209 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18071078}}

Template:ACC/AHA 2007 STEMI focused update recommendation

2009-07-07T17:03:50Z

Diberri: ACC/AHA 2007 STEMI focused update recommendation

'''Class I'''

1. A strategy of [[coronary angiography]] with intent to perform [[PCI]] (or emergency [[CABG]]) is recommended for patients who have received [[fibrinolytic therapy]] and have any of the following:
: a. [[Cardiogenic shock]] in patients less than 75 years who are suitable candidates for [[revascularization]] ''(Level of Evidence: B)''
: b. Severe [[congestive heart failure]] and/or [[pulmonary edema]] (Killip class III) ''(Level of Evidence: B)''
: c. Hemodynamically compromising [[ventricular arrhythmias]] ''(Level of Evidence: C)''

'''Class IIa'''

1. A strategy of [[coronary angiography]] with intent to perform [[PCI]] (or emergency [[CABG]]) is reasonable in patients 75 years of age or older who have received [[fibrinolytic therapy]], and are in [[cardiogenic shock]], provided that they are suitable candidates for [[revascularization]]. ''(Level of Evidence: B)''

2. It is reasonable to perform rescue PCI for patients with 1 or more of the following:
: a. Hemodynamic or electrical instability. ''(Level of Evidence: C)''
: b. Persistent ischemic symptoms. ''(Level of Evidence: C)''

3. A strategy of [[coronary angiography]] with intent to perform [[rescue PCI]] is reasonable for patients in whom [[fibrinolytic therapy]] has failed ([[ST segment elevation]] less than 50% resolved after 90 minutes following initiation of [[fibrinolytic therapy]] in the lead showing the worst initial elevation) and a moderate or large area of [[myocardium]] at risk (anterior [[MI]], inferior [[MI]] with right ventricular involvement or precordial [[ST segment depression]]). ''(Level of Evidence: B)''

'''Class IIb'''

1. A strategy of [[coronary angiography]] with intent to perform [[PCI]] in the absence of one or more of the above Class I or IIa indications might be reasonable in moderate and high-risk patients, but its benefits and risks are not well established. The benefits of [[rescue PCI]] are greater the earlier it is initiated after the onset of ischemic discomfort. ''(Level of Evidence: C)''

'''Class III'''

1. A strategy of [[coronary angiography]] with intent to perform [[PCI]] (or emergency [[CABG]]) is not recommended in patients who have received [[fibrinolytic therapy]] if further invasive management is contraindicated or the patient or designee does not wish further invasive care. ''(Level of Evidence: C)''

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Diberri: deactivate access keys so I can have emacs bindings back

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2009-07-06T21:18:27Z

Diberri: rename category

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Automated tasks run by DaveBot:
* <s>[[Acronyms of Clinical Trial Names|Clinical trial acronym redirection]]</s> Done. [[User:Diberri|Diberri]] 21:01, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
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** [[:Category:Categories containing pages for deletion]] -- use <nowiki>{{</nowiki>delcat}}

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Diberri: rename

[[Category:Categories containing pages for deletion]]

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Diberri: categories for deletion

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Diberri: pages in these categories will be deleted

[[Category:Categories for deletion]]

User:Diberri

2009-07-06T21:09:48Z

Diberri: brief bio

I'm David Iberri, a 4th year student at the University of Vermont College of Medicine. I'm visiting BIDMC to work with Dr. Gibson on WikiDoc and to work on some cardiology papers as well. Most of my edits are done by bots running under the [[User:DaveBot]] account.

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Diberri: brief description

WAVE

2009-07-06T18:17:27Z

Diberri: make links

{{Disambig trial acronym|WAVE}}

* [[Warfarin Antiplatelet Vascular Evaluation]]
* [[Women's Angiographic Vitamin And Estrogen Trial]]

Acronyms of Clinical Trial Names

2009-07-06T17:32:05Z

Diberri: fix typo

{{SI}}
{{CMG}}

{{EJ}}

''For other acronyms involved in clinical trials, click [[Clinical trial acronyms|here]]''
<br>

''For detailed instructions on how to contribute to WikiDoc's Clinical Trials Wiki, click [[Help:How to add a trial to the clinical trials wiki|here]]
<br>

{| id="acronyms" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
| '''''Acronym'''''
| '''''Trial Name'''''
|-
| [[3CPO]]
| [[Effect Of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure And Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation In Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema]]
|-
| [[3T/2R]]
| [[Tailoring Treatment With Tirofiban in Patients Showing Resistance to Aspirin and/or Resistance to Clopidogrel]]
|-
| [[4D]]
| [[Deutsche Diabetes Dialysis Study]]
|-
| [[4E]]
| [[Efficacy And Safety Of Eplerenone, Enalapril, And Eplerenone/Enalapril Combination Therapy In Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy]]
|-
| [[4S]]
| [[Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study]]
|-
| [[6C trial]]
| [[Cooperative Colorectal Cancer Combination Chemotherapy Clinical]]
|-
| [[A to Z, Phase A]]
| [[Aggrastat To Zocor]]
|-
| [[A to Z, Phase Z]]
| [[Evaluation Of Early Versus Delayed Initiation Of Simvastatin In Patients Who Receive Guideline Based Treatment For Acute Coronary Syndrome]]
|-
| [[A4 Study]]
| [[Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drugs For Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[AAASPS]]
| [[African American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[AACHEN]]
| [[Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Candesartan Cilexetil On Intimal Hyperplasia After Coronary Stent Implantation]]
|-
| [[AASK]]
| [[African American Study Of Kidney Disease And Hypertension]]
|-
| [[ABACAS]]
| [[Adjunctive Balloon Angioplasty Following Coronary Atherectomy Study]]
|-
| [[ABC study]]
| [[Association Of Black Cardiologists Study Of Hypertension]]
|-
| [[ABCD]]
| [[Alternans Before Cardioverter Defibrillator]]
|-
| [[AbESTT]]
| [[Abciximab Emergent Stroke Treatment Trial]]
|-
| [[ABOARD]]
| [[Immediate Versus Next Day Catheterization In Non-St Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome]]
|-
| [[ABSORB: 6-month and 2-year results]]
| [[A Bioabsorbable Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System For Patients With Single De-Novo Coronary Artery Lesions]]
|-
| [[ACADEMIC]]
| [[Azithromycin In Coronary Artery Disease: Elimination Of Myocardial Infection With Chlamydia]]
|-
| [[ACAS]]
| [[Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study]]
|-
| [[ACC AMI GAP]]
| [[American College Of Cardiology Acute Myocardial Infarction Guidelines Applied To Practice Study]]
|-
| [[ACCENT]]
| [[A Crohn's Disease Clinical Trial Evaluating Infliximab In A New Long-Term Treatment Regimen]]
|-
| [[ACCEPT]]
| [[The Accupril Canadian Clinical Evaluation And Patient Teaching Study]]
|-
| [[ACCESS]]
| [[Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Evaluation In Stroke Survivors]]
|-
| [[ACCLAIM]]
| [[Advanced Chronic Heart Failure Clinical Assessment Of Immune Modulation Therapy]]
|-
| [[ACCOMPLISH]]
| [[Avoiding Cardiovascular Events Through Combination Therapy In Patients Living With Systolic Hypertension]]
|-
| [[ACCORD]]
| [[Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk In Diabetes]]
|-
| [[ACCT]]
| [[Sex And Age Related Antihypertensive Effects Of Amlodipine]]
|-
| [[ACCURACY]]
| [[Assessment By Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography Of Individuals Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography]]
|-
| [[ACE]]
| [[Abciximab-Carbostent Evaluation]]
|-
| [[ACE]]
| [[Anticoagulation For Cardioversion Using Enoxaparin]]
|-
| [[ACE (Carotid Endarterectomy)]]
| [[Asa And Carotid Endarterectomy Trial]]
|-
| [[ACES]]
| [[Azithromycin And Coronary Events Study In Patients With Stable Coronary Disease]]
|-
| [[ACES]]
| [[Clinical Experience Study]]
|-
| [[ACIP]]
| [[Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot Study]]
|-
| [[ACME]]
| [[Angioplasty Compared To Medicine]]
|-
| [[ACME-2]]
| [[Angioplasty Compared To Medicine - Two-Vessel Disease]]
|-
| [[A-COMET-I]]
| [[Azimilide—Cardioversion Maintenance Trial–I]]
|-
| [[A-COMET-II]]
| [[Azimilide—Cardioversion Maintenance Trial–II]]
|-
| [[ACORN]]
| [[Assessment Of A Cardiac Support Device (Csd) In Patients With Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[ACRE]]
| [[Appropriateness Of Coronary Revascularization]]
|-
| [[ACST]]
| [[Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial]]
|-
| [[ACT]]
| [[Effects Of Physical Activity Counseling In Primary Care: The Activity Counseling Trial]]
|-
| [[ACT]]
| [[Angioplasty Compliance Trial]]
|-
| [[ACTION]]
| [[Coronary Disease Trial Investigating Outcome With Nifedipine Gits]]
|-
| [[ACTION]]
| [[Actinomycin Eluting Stent Improves Outcomes By Reducing Neointimal Hyperplasia]]
|-
| [[ACTIV in CHF]]
| [[Acute And Chronic Therapeutic Impact Of A Vasopressin 2 Antagonist (Tolvaptan) In Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[ACTIVATE]]
| [[Acat Inhibition On The Progression Of Coronary Atherosclerosis]]
|-
| [[ACTIVE A]]
| [[The Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial With Irbesartan For Prevention Of Vascular Events]]
|-
| [[ACTIVE W]]
| [[Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial With Irbesartan For Prevention Of Vascular Events]]
|-
| [[ACUITY]]
| [[Acute Catheterization And Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy Trial]]
|-
| [[ACUITY PCI: 30-day and 1-Year Results]]
| [[Acute Catheterization And Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy Trial - Pci Subgroup: 30-Day And 1-Year Results]]
|-
| [[ACUITY Timing Trial]]
| [[Acute Catheterization And Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy Timing Trial]]
|-
| [[ACUTE]]
| [[Assessment Of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography]]
|-
| [[ACUTE]]
| [[Analysis Of Coronary Ultrasound Thrombolysis Endpoints In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ACUTE II]]
| [[Assessment Of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography]]
|-
| [[ADAM]]
| [[Aneurysm Detection And Management Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study]]
|-
| [[ADAM]]
| [[Amsterdam Duration Of Antiretroviral Medication Study]]
|-
| [[ADAPT]]
| [[Alzheimer's Disease Anti-Inflammatory Prevention Trial]]
|-
| [[ADCS]]
| [[Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study]]
|-
| [[ADEMEX]]
| [[Adequacy Of Peritoneal Dialysis In Mexico]]
|-
| [[ADEPT]]
| [[Advanced Elements Of Pacing Trial]]
|-
| [[ADIOS]]
| [[Antiarrhythmic Drug Improve Outcome Study]]
|-
| [[ADMIRAL]]
| [[Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIia Inhibition With Coronary Stenting For Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ADMIRAL]]
| [[Abciximab Before Direct Angioplasty And Stenting In Myocardial Infarction Regarding Acute And Long-Term Followup]]
|-
| [[ADMIT]]
| [[Arterial Disease Multiple Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[ADONIS]]
| [[Aspirin Dose Optimized In Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke]]
|-
| [[ADOPT]]
| [[Atrial Dynamic Overdrive Pacing Trial]]
|-
| [[ADOPT]]
| [[A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial]]
|-
| [[ADOPT-A]]
| [[Atrial Dynamic Overdrive Pacing Trial-A]]
|-
| [[ADVANCE]]
| [[A Randomized Comparison Of The Value Of Additional Stenting After Optimal Balloon Angioplasty For Long Coronary Lesions]]
|-
| [[ADVANCE]]
| [[Additive Value Of Tirofiban Administered With The High-Dose Bolus In The Prevention Of Ischemic Complications During High-Risk Coronary Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[ADVANCE]]
| [[Action In Diabetes And Vascular Disease: Preterax And Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation]]
|-
| [[ADVANCE]]
| [[A Dosing Evaluation Of A Vasopressin Antagonist In Chf Patients Undergoing Exercise]]
|-
| [[ADVENT]]
| [[Assessment Of Diabetes Control And Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Niaspan Trial]]
|-
| [[AEGIS]]
| [[Alternative Graft Investigational Study]]
|-
| [[A-F]]
| [[Vascular Protection In High-Risk Non–St-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Angioplasty Balloon-Associated Coronary Debris And The Ez Filterwire]]
|-
| [[AFASAK]]
| [[Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, Antikoagulation]]
|-
| [[AFASAK-2]]
| [[Second Copenhagen Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, And Anticoagulation Study]]
|-
| [[AFCAPS]]
| [[Air Force Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[AFCAPS/TEXCAPS]]
| [[Air Force Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[AF-CHF]]
| [[Atrial Fibrillation And Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[AFFIRM]]
| [[Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation Of Rhythm Management]]
|-
| [[AFIB]]
| [[Atrial Fibrillation Investigation With Bidisomide]]
|-
| [[AFREGS]]
| [[Armed Forces Regression Study]]
|-
| [[AGENT]]
| [[Angiogenic Gene Therapy]]
|-
| [[AGENT-2]]
| [[Angiogenic Gene Therapy Trial 2]]
|-
| [[AGENT-3]]
| [[A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Trial Of Intracoronary Administration Of Ad5Fgf-4 In Patients With No Revascularization Options]]
|-
| [[AGIS]]
| [[Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study]]
|-
| [[A-HeFT]]
| [[African-American Heart Failure Trial]]
|-
| [[AiMI]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Of Thrombectomy With The Angiojet In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[AIMS]]
| [[Apsac Intervention Mortality Study]]
|-
| [[AIR]]
| [[Aerosolized Iloprost Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study]]
|-
| [[Air PAMI]]
| [[The Air Primary Angioplasty In Myocardial Infarction Study]]
|-
| [[AIRCRAFT]]
| [[The Australian Intervention Randomized Control Of Rate In Atrial Fibrillation Trial]]
|-
| [[AIRE]]
| [[Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy Study]]
|-
| [[AIST-ASH]]
| [[Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial: Oral Aspirin Vs Intravenous Heparin On Stroke Progression]]
|-
| [[ALBION]]
| [[Assessment Of The Best Loading Dose Of Clopidogrel To Blunt Platelet Activation, Inflammation, And On-Going Necrosis]]
|-
| [[ALERT]]
| [[Assessment Of Lescol In Renal Transplantation]]
|-
| [[ALERT]]
| [[Adjunctive Lamictal In Epilepsy And Response To Treatment]]
|-
| [[ALIVE]]
| [[Azimilide Post-Infarct Survival Evaluation]]
|-
| [[ALIVE]]
| [[Adenosine Lidocaine Infarct Zone Viability Enhancement]]
|-
| [[ALIVE (amio vs. lidocaine]]
| [[Amiodarone As Compared With Lidocaine For Shock-Resistant Ventricular Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[ALKK]]
| [[Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte]]
|-
| [[ALLAY]]
| [[Aliskiren In Left Ventricular Hypertrophy]]
|-
| [[ALLHAT]]
| [[Antihypertensive And Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial]]
|-
| [[ALLIANCE]]
| [[Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Initiation Abates New Cardiac Events]]
|-
| [[ALOFT]]
| [[Aliskiren Observations Of Heart Failure Treatment]]
|-
| [[ALPHA]]
| [[T-Wave Alternans In Patients With Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[ALPHABET]]
| [[Effects Of Beraprost Sodium, An Oral Prostacyclin Analogue, In Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial]]
|-
| [[ALTS]]
| [[Ascus/Lsil Triage Study ]]
|-
| [[AMADEUS]]
| [[Comparison Of Idraparinux With Vitamin K Antagonists For Prevention Of Thromboembolism In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[AMAZE]]
| [[A Multicenter Trial Using-Zestril Versus To Evaluate The Effects On Lowering Blood Pressure ]]
|-
| [[AMEthyst]]
| [[Assessment Of The Medtronic Ave Interceptor Saphenous Vein Graft Filter System]]
|-
| [[AMIGO]]
| [[Atherectomy And Multilink Stenting Improves Gain In Outcome Trial]]
|-
| [[AMIGO]]
| [[Ac2993: Diabetes Management For Improving Glucose Outcome]]
|-
| [[AMIHOT]]
| [[Acute Myocardial Infarction With Hyperoxemic Therapy]]
|-
| [[AMIHOT II]]
| [[Acute Myocardial Infarction With Hyperoxemic Therapy II]]
|-
| [[AMIOVIRT]]
| [[Amiodarone Versus Implantable Defibrillator In Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy And Asymptomatic Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia Study]]
|-
| [[AMISTAD I]]
| [[Acute Myocardial Infarction Study Of Adenosine Trial]]
|-
| [[AMISTAD II]]
| [[Acute Myocardial Infarction Study Of Adenosine II]]
|-
| [[AMRO]]
| [[Amsterdam-Rotterdam Trial]]
|-
| [[ANBP2]]
| [[Australian National Blood Pressure Study Group]]
|-
| [[ANDROMEDA]]
| [[Increased Mortality After Dronedarone Therapy For Severe Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[ANTHEM–TIMI-32]]
| [[Anticoagulation With Rnapc2 To Eliminate Mace/Timi 32]]
|-
| [[ANTIBIO]]
| [[Antibiotic Therapy After An Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ANZ-Carvedilol]]
| [[Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group Carvedilol Trial]]
|-
| [[APAF]]
| [[Ablation For Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (Apaf) Trial]]
|-
| [[APASS]]
| [[Antiphospholipid Antibody Stroke Study]]
|-
| [[APC]]
| [[Adenoma Prevention With Celecoxib]]
|-
| [[APEX AMI]]
| [[Assessment Of Pexelizumab In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[APLAUSE]]
| [[Anti-Platelet Treatment After Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Optimal Stent Expansion]]
|-
| [[APOCARD]]
| [[Imaging In Cardiac Transplant Patients]]
|-
| [[APPRAISE-1]]
| [[Safety Of The Factor Xa Inhibitor, Apixaban, In Combination With Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Dose-Guiding Trial]]
|-
| [[APPROACH]]
| [[Assessment On The Prevention Of Progression By Rosiglitazone On Atherosclerosis In Diabetes Patients With Cardiovascular History]]
|-
| [[APRES]]
| [[Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Post Revascularization Study]]
|-
| [[APRICOT]]
| [[Antithrombotics In The Prevention Of Reocclusion In Coronary Thrombolysis]]
|-
| [[APRICOT-2]]
| [[Antithrombotics In The Prevention Of Reocclusion In Coronary Thrombolysis-2]]
|-
| [[ARBITER 2]]
| [[Arterial Biology For The Investigation Of The Treatment Effects Of Reducing Cholesterol 2]]
|-
| [[ARCH]]
| [[Amiodarone Reduction In Coronary Heart Trial]]
|-
| [[ARCHeR]]
| [[For Revascularization Of Carotids In High-Risk Patients]]
|-
| [[AREDS]]
| [[Age-Related Eye Disease Study]]
|-
| [[ARG-911]]
| [[Argatroban-911]]
|-
| [[ARG-915]]
| [[Argatroban-915]]
|-
| [[ARGAMI-2]]
| [[Argatroban For Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ARIC]]
| [[Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities]]
|-
| [[ARIES 1 and 2]]
| [[Ambrisentan In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Efficacy Study 1 And 2]]
|-
| [[ARISE]]
| [[Aggressive Reduction Of Inflammation Stops Events]]
|-
| [[ARMS]]
| [[Apsac Reocclusion Multicenter Study]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA]]
| [[Atorvastatin For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA-2]]
| [[Antiplatelet Therapy For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty 2]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA-3]]
| [[Antiplatelet Therapy For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty 3]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA-4]]
| [[Antiplatelet Therapy For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty 4]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA-5]]
| [[Antiplatelet Therapy For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty 5]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA-ACS]]
| [[Atorvastatin For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty-Acute Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA-RECAPTURE]]
| [[Atorvastatin For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty-Recapture]]
|-
| [[ARMYDA-RELOAD]]
| [[Antiplatelet Therapy For Reduction Of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty-Reload]]
|-
| [[ARPEGGIO]]
| [[Rimonabant Improves Glycemic Control In Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes]]
|-
| [[ARREST]]
| [[Amiodarone For Resuscitation After Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due To Ventricular Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[ARREST]]
| [[Angiorad Radiation For Restenosis]]
|-
| [[ARTIST]]
| [[Angioplasty Versus Rotational Atherectomy For Treatment Of Diffuse In-Stent Restenosis Trial]]
|-
| [[ARTISTIC]]
| [[Angiorad Radiation Therapy For In-Stent Restenosis Intracoronary]]
|-
| [[ARTS]]
| [[Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study]]
|-
| [[ARTS I - Five year follow-up]]
| [[Five Year Clinical Follow-Up Of The Arterial Revascularisation Therapy Study]]
|-
| [[ARTS-II]]
| [[Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study Part II: Sirolimus-Eluting Stents For The Treatment Of Patients With Multivessel De Novo Coronary Artery Lesions]]
|-
| [[ASAP]]
| [[Effect Of Aggressive Versus Conventional Lipid Lowering On Atherosclerosis Progression In Familial Hypercholesterolemia]]
|-
| [[ASAP]]
| [[Azimilide Supraventricular Arrhythmia Program ]]
|-
| [[ASCENT]]
| [[Acs Stent Clinical Equivalence In De Novo Lesions Trial]]
|-
| [[ASCOT]]
| [[Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial]]
|-
| [[ASCOT - Blood Pressure Arm]]
| [[ Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: Blood Pressure-Lowering Arm]]
|-
| [[ASCOT - Lipid Arm]]
| [[ Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial]]
|-
| [[ASFAST]]
| [[Atherosclerosis And Folic Acid Supplementation Trial]]
|-
| [[ASIS]]
| [[Angina And Silent Ischemia Study]]
|-
| [[ASPAC]]
| [[Asian-Pacific Collaboration On Chd Risk Factor Intervention]]
|-
| [[ASPECT]]
| [[Anticoagulants In Secondary Prevention Of Events In Coronary Thrombosis]]
|-
| [[ASPECT]]
| [[Asian Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Clinical Trial]]
|-
| [[ASPECT-2]]
| [[Aspirin And Coumadin After Acute Coronary Syndromes (The Aspect-2) Study: A Randomised Controlled Trial.]]
|-
| [[ASPEN]]
| [[Atorvastatin Study For The Prevention Of Endpoints For Patients With Niddm]]
|-
| [[ASPIRE]]
| [[Arixtra Study In Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Evaluation]]
|-
| [[ASSENT 3]]
| [[The Assessment Of The Safety And Efficacy Of A New Thrombolytic Regimen (Assent)-3 Investigators. Efficacy And Safety Of Tenecteplase In Combination With Enoxaparin, Abciximab, Or Unfractionated Heparin: The Assent-3 Randomized Trial In Acute Mi]]
|-
| [[ASSENT 3 PLUS]]
| [[Assessment Of The Safety And Efficacy Of A New Thrombolytic Regimen-3]]
|-
| [[ASSENT-1]]
| [[Assessment Of The Safety and Efficacy Of A New Thrombolytic: Tnk-Tpa]]
|-
| [[ASSENT-2]]
| [[Assessment Of The Safety And Efficacy Of A New Thrombolytic: Tnk-Tpa-2]]
|-
| [[ASSENT-4 PCI]]
| [[Assessment Of The Safety And Efficacy Of A New Treatment Strategy For Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ASSERT]]
| [[Aortic Stentless Versus Stented Valve Assessed By Echocardiography Randomized Trial]]
|-
| [[ASSET]]
| [[Anglo-Scandinavian Study Of Early Thrombolysis]]
|-
| [[ASSIST]]
| [[Assessment Of Implementation Strategies]]
|-
| [[ASSIST]]
| [[A Stop Smoking In Schools Trial]]
|-
| [[ASSURE]]
| [[Arrhythmia Single Shock Defibrillation Threshold Testing Versus Upper Limit Of Vulnerability: Risk Reduction Evaluation With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantations]]
|-
| [[ASTAMI]]
| [[Astami]]
|-
| [[ASTEROID]]
| [[A Study To Evaluate The Effect Of Rosuvastatin On Intravascular Ultrasound-Derived Coronary Atheroma Burden]]
|-
| [[ASTIS]]
| [[Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation International Scleroderma Trial]]
|-
| [[ASTRAL]]
| [[Angioplasty And Stenting For Renal Artery Lesions]]
|-
| [[ASTRID]]
| [[Atrial Sensing Trial To Prevent Inappropriate Detections]]
|-
| [[ASTRONAUT]]
| [[Acid Suppression Trial: Ranitidine Zantac Versus Omeprazole]]
|-
| [[AT LAST]]
| [[Antiretroviral Trial Looking At Sex And Treatment]]
|-
| [[ATAC]]
| [[Arimidex (Anastrozole), Tamoxifen And Combination Therapy]]
|-
| [[ATBAT]]
| [[Anticoagulant Therapy With Bivalirudin To Assist In Pci 1St Inning Trial (Pci In Hit/Hitts)]]
|-
| [[ATBC]]
| [[Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[ATHENA]]
| [[Effect Of Dronedarone On Cardiovascular Outcomes In High-Risk Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Or Atrial Flutter]]
|-
| [[ATHEROMA]]
| [[Atorvastatin Therapy: Effects Of Reduction Of Macrophage Activity]]
|-
| [[ATICH]]
| [[Antifibrinolytic Therapy In Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage]]
|-
| [[ATLANTIC]]
| [[Angina Treatments - - Lasers And Normal Therapies In Comparison]]
|-
| [[ATLANTIS]]
| [[Alteplase Thrombolysis For Acute Noninterventional Therapy In Ischemic Stroke]]
|-
| [[ATLAS]]
| [[Assessment Of Treatment With Lisinopril And Survival]]
|-
| [[ATLAS]]
| [[Acolysis During Treatment Of Lesions Affecting Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafts Assessment Of Treatment With Lisinopril And Survival]]
|-
| [[ATLAS - SVG]]
| [[Acolysis During Treatment Of Lesions Affecting Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafts]]
|-
| [[ATLAST]]
| [[Antiplatelet Therapy Alone Versus Lovenox Plus Antiplatelet Therapy In Patients At Increased Risk Of Stent Thrombosis]]
|-
| [[ATLAS-TIMI 46]]
| [[Anti-Xa Therapy To Lower Cardiovascular Events In Addition To Aspirin With Or Without Thienopyridine In Subjects With Acute Coronary Syndromes–Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 46]]
|-
| [[AtoZ]]
| [[Aggrastat To Zocor Study]]
|-
| [[ATRAMI]]
| [[Baroreflex Sensitivity And Heart-Rate Variability In Prediction Of Total Cardiac Mortality After Myocardial Infarction. Atrami (Autonomic Tone And Reflexes After Myocardial Infarction) Investigators.]]
|-
| [[ATRIA]]
| [[The Anticoagulation And Risk Factors In Atrial Fibrillation Study]]
|-
| [[ATRIA]]
| [[Anticoagulation And Risk Factors In Atrial Fibrillation ]]
|-
| [[Atrial Arrhythmia Conversion Trial]]
| [[Vernakalant Hydrochloride For Rapid Conversion Of Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[ATS]]
| [[Amblyopia Treatment Study]]
|-
| [[ATTACH]]
| [[Anti-Tnf Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure Trial]]
|-
| [[ATTEST]]
| [[Atrial Therapy Efficacy And Safety Trial]]
|-
| [[ATTRACT]]
| [[Anti-Tnf Trial In Rheumatoid Arthritis With Ca2 Treatment ]]
|-
| [[AURORA]]
| [[A Study To Evaluate The Use Of Rosuvastatin In Subjects On Regular Hemodialysis: An Assessment Of Survival And Cardiovascular Events]]
|-
| [[AVASIS]]
| [[Aspirin Versus Anticoagulants In Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis]]
|-
| [[AVERT]]
| [[Atorvastatin Versus Revascularization Treatments]]
|-
| [[AVERT]]
| [[Artificial Valve Endocarditis Reduction Trial]]
|-
| [[AVID]]
| [[Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators]]
|-
| [[AVID]]
| [[Angiography Versus Intravascular Ultrasound-Directed Stent Placement]]
|-
| [[AVID Electrical Storm Substudy]]
| [[Electrical Storm Presages Nonsudden Death. The Antiarrhythmics Vs. Implantable Defibrillators (Avid) Trial]]
|-
| [[AVOID]]
| [[Aliskiren In The Evaluation Of Proteinuria In Diabetes]]
|-
| [[AWESOME]]
| [[Angina With Extremely Serious Operative Mortality Evaluation]]
|-
| [[AZACS]]
| [[Azithromycin In Acute Coronary Syndrome]]
|-
| [[BAATAF]]
| [[Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial For Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[BACH]]
| [[Bach]]
|-
| [[BARI]]
| [[Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation]]
|-
| [[BARI 2D]]
| [[Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation In Type 2 Diabetics]]
|-
| [[BARS]]
| [[Beaumont Alcohol Restenosis Study]]
|-
| [[BASC]]
| [[Blood Pressure In Acute Stroke Collaboration]]
|-
| [[BASEL]]
| [[Brain Natriuretic Peptide For Acute Shortness Of Breath Evaluation: A Randomized Comparison]]
|-
| [[BASIS]]
| [[Basel Antiarrhythmic Study Of Infarct Survival]]
|-
| [[BASKET]]
| [[Basel Stent Cost-Effectiveness Trial]]
|-
| [[BASKET LATE]]
| [[Late Clinical Events Related To Late Stent Thrombosis After Stopping Clopidogrel]]
|-
| [[BAT]]
| [[Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study]]
|-
| [[BATMAN]]
| [[Biodivysio 'Bat'Imastat Sv Stent Versus Balloon Angioplasty For The Reduction Of Restenosis In Small Coronary Arteries ]]
|-
| [[BBC ONE]]
| [[British Bifurcation Coronary Study: Old, New, And Evolving Strategies]]
|-
| [[BBS—Cognitive Study]]
| [[Best Bypass Surgery—Cognitive Study]]
|-
| [[BCAPS]]
| [[Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study]]
|-
| [[BCPT]]
| [[Breast Cancer Prevention Trial]]
|-
| [[BEACH]]
| [[Boston Scientific Epi: A Carotid Stenting Trial For High-Risk Surgical Patients]]
|-
| [[BEAT]]
| [[Bucindolol Evaluation In Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial ]]
|-
| [[BEAUTIFUL]]
| [[Morbidity-Mortality Evaluation Of The If Inhibitor Ivabradine In Patients With Coronary Disease And Left-Ventricular Dysfunction]]
|-
| [[BECAIT]]
| [[Bezafibrate Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[BECAIT]]
| [[Bezafibrate Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[BELLES]]
| [[Beyond Endorsed Lipid Lowering With Ebt Scanning]]
|-
| [[BENEDICT]]
| [[Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial]]
|-
| [[BENEFiT]]
| [[Bosentan Effects In Inoperable Forms Of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension]]
|-
| [[BENEFIT]]
| [[Betaferon (Betaseron In U.S.) In Newly Emerging Ms For Initial Treatment Information]]
|-
| [[BENESTENT I]]
| [[Belgian-Netherlands Stent Study (I)]]
|-
| [[BENESTENT II]]
| [[Belgian-Netherlands Stent Study II (Pilot)]]
|-
| [[BERT]]
| [[Beta Energy Restenosis Trial - 1]]
|-
| [[BESMART]]
| [[Bestent In Small Arteries Trial]]
|-
| [[BESSAMI]]
| [[Berlin Stent Study In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[BEST]]
| [[Beta Blocker Evaluation Of Survival Trial]]
|-
| [[BEST]]
| [[Balloon Equivalent To Stent Trial]]
|-
| [[BEST-ICD]]
| [[Beta-Blocker Evaluation Of Survival Trial Plus Icd]]
|-
| [[BETA WRIST]]
| [[Washington Radiation For In-Stent Restenosis Trial]]
|-
| [[BETACATH]]
| [[Clinical And Angiographic Outcomes After Use Of Sr-90 Beta Radiation For The Treatment Of De Novo And Restenotic Coronary Lesions]]
|-
| [[BETTER]]
| [[Beta Radiation Trial To Eliminate Restenosis]]
|-
| [[BHACAS]]
| [[Early And Midterm Outcome After Off-Pump And On-Pump Surgery In Beating Heart Against Cardioplegic Arrest Studies (Bhacas 1 And 2): A Pooled Analysis Of Two Randomised Controlled Trials.]]
|-
| [[BHAT]]
| [[Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial]]
|-
| [[BiCard]]
| [[Biphasic Vs. Monophasic Shock Waveform For Conversion Of Atrial Fibrillation. The Results Of An International Randomized, Double-Blind Multicenter Trial]]
|-
| [[BICC]]
| [[Beta-Interferon In Chronic Viral Cardiomyopathy]]
|-
| [[BIP]]
| [[Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[BIRD]]
| [[ Bolus Versus Infusion In Rescupase (Saruplase) Development]]
|-
| [[BLIND-DATE]]
| [[Blinded Withdrawal Of Deprenyl In The Datatop Extension Trial]]
|-
| [[BLOSS]]
| [[Beta Blocker Length Of Stay Study]]
|-
| [[BNP]]
| [[Breathing Not Properly]]
|-
| [[BOAT]]
| [[Balloon Angioplasty Versus Optimal Atherectomy Trial]]
|-
| [[Bogalusa]]
| [[Bogalusa Heart Study]]
|-
| [[BOOST]]
| [[Bone Marrow Transfer To Enhance St-Elevation Infarct Regeneration]]
|-
| [[BPAV]]
| [[Balloon Prophylaxis Of Aneurysmal Vasospasm]]
|-
| [[BRAINS]]
| [[Bayer Randomized Acute Ischemia Neuroprotectant Study]]
|-
| [[BRAVE]]
| [[Bavarian Reperfusion Alternatives Evaluation]]
|-
| [[BRAVE-2]]
| [[Beyond 12 Hours Reperfusion Alternative Evaluation Trial]]
|-
| [[BRAVE-3]]
| [[Value Of Abciximab In Patients With Ami Undergoing Pci After High Loading Dose Of Clopidogrel Pretreatment]]
|-
| [[BRAVO]]
| [[Blockade Of The Glycoprotein IIb/IIia Receptor To Avoid Vascular Occlusion]]
|-
| [[BRAVO]]
| [[Beta Radiation For Treatment Of Arteriovenous Graft Outflow Sponsor:]]
|-
| [[BREATHE-1]]
| [[Bosentan (Tracleer): Randomized Trial Of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Therapy For Pulmonary Hypertension]]
|-
| [[BRIDGE]]
| [[Beta-Radiation Investigation With Direct Stenting And Galileo In Europe]]
|-
| [[BRIE]]
| [[Beta Radiation In Europe]]
|-
| [[BRIEF-PCI]]
| [[Brief Infusion Of Eptifibatide Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]]
|-
| [[BRILLIANT]]
| [[Batimastat (Bb-94) Antirestenosis Trial Utilizing The Biodivysio Local Drug Delivery Pc Stent ]]
|-
| [[BRITE]]
| [[Beta Radiation To Reduce In-Stent Restenosis ]]
|-
| [[BRITE II]]
| [[Beta Radiation To Reduce In-Stent Restenosis II]]
|-
| [[BRITE-SVG]]
| [[Beta Radiation To Reduce In-Stent Restenosis In Saphenous Vein Grafts]]
|-
| [[CABERNET]]
| [[A Prospective Registry Of Carotid Stenting With The Nexstent And Distal Protection With The Filterwire Ex In High Risk Patients]]
|-
| [[CABERNET]]
| [[Carotid Artery Revascularization Using The Boston Scientific Epi Filterwire Ex And The Endotex Nexstent]]
|-
| [[CABG PATCH]]
| [[The Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patch Trial]]
|-
| [[CABG Patch Cardioplegia Substudy]]
| [[Does Cardioplegia Type Affect Outcome And Survival In Patients With Advanced Left Ventricular Dysfunction? Results From The Cabg Patch Tria]]
|-
| [[CABRI]]
| [[Coronary Angioplasty Versus Bypass Revascularization Investigation]]
|-
| [[CACAF]]
| [[Catheter Ablation For The Cure Of Atrial Fibrillation Study]]
|-
| [[CACHET]]
| [[Comparison Of Abciximab Complications With Hirulog (Angiomax As Of 1999) Ischemic Events Trial]]
|-
| [[CACTUS]]
| [[Coronary Bifurcations: Application Of The Crushing Technique Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stents]]
|-
| [[CADILLAC]]
| [[Controlled Abciximab (Reopro) And Device Investigation To Lower Late Angioplasty Complications]]
|-
| [[CAESAR]]
| [[Canada, Australia, Europe, South Africa Aids Study ]]
|-
| [[CAFA]]
| [[Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation Study]]
|-
| [[CAFE]]
| [[Conduit Artery Function Evaluation]]
|-
| [[CALM]]
| [[Candesartan And Lisinopril Microalbuminuria Study]]
|-
| [[CALM-PD]]
| [[Comparison Of The Agonist Pramipexole Vs. Levodopa On Motor Complications In Parkinson Disease]]
|-
| [[CALYPSO]]
| [[Cylexin As An Adjunct To Lytic Therapy To Prevent Superoxide Reflow Injury]]
|-
| [[CAMELOT]]
| [[Comparison Of Amlodipine Versus Enalapril (Lipitor) To Limit Occurrences Of Thrombosis]]
|-
| [[CAMEO]]
| [[Cerebral Aneurysm Multicenter European]]
|-
| [[CAMIAT]]
| [[Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial (Pilot)]]
|-
| [[CANDLE]]
| [[Candesartan Versus Losartan Efficacy Comparison ]]
|-
| [[Cangrelor during PCI]]
| [[Cangrelor During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]]
|-
| [[CANPAP]]
| [[Continuous Positive Airway Pressure For Heart Failure Patients With Central Sleep Apnea]]
|-
| [[CAPARES]]
| [[Coronary Angioplasty Amlodipine Restenosis Study]]
|-
| [[CAPE II]]
| [[Medical Treatment Of Myocardial Ischemia In Coronary Artery Disease: Effect Of Drug Regime And Irregular Dosing In The Cape II Trial]]
|-
| [[CAPITAL AMI]]
| [[Combined Angioplasty And Pharmacological Intervention Versus Thrombolytics Alone In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[CAPPP]]
| [[Captopril Prevention Project]]
|-
| [[CAPRICORN]]
| [[Carvedilol Post Infarct Survival Control in Left Ventricular Dysfunction Study]]
|-
| [[CAPRIE]]
| [[Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin In Patients At Risk Of Ischemic Events ]]
|-
| [[CAPS]]
| [[The Cardiac Arrhythmic Pilot Study]]
|-
| [[CAPT]]
| [[Complications Of Amd (Age-Related Macular Degeneration) Prevention Trial]]
|-
| [[CAPTEN]]
| [[Captopril After Thrombolysis Trial ]]
|-
| [[CAPTIM]]
| [[Comparison Of Angioplasty And Prehospital Thrombolysis In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[CAPTIN]]
| [[Captopril Plus Tissue Plasminogen Activator Following Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[CAPTIVATE]]
| [[Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Trial Investigating Vascular Acat Inhibition Treatment Effects]]
|-
| [[CAPTIVE]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Of Distal Protection With The Third Generation Mednova Emboshield Compared To The Guardwire Or Filterwire]]
|-
| [[CAPTURE]]
| [[Chimeric 7E3 Antiplatelet Therapy In Unstable Angina Refractory To Standard Treatment]]
|-
| [[CAPTURE Registry]]
| [[Carotid Acculink/Accunet Post-Approval Trial To Uncover Unanticipated Or Rare Events Registry]]
|-
| [[CARAT]]
| [[Coronary Angioplasty And Rotational Atherectomy Trial]]
|-
| [[CARDIA]]
| [[Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults]]
|-
| [[CARDia]]
| [[Coronary Artery Revascularization In Diabetes Trial]]
|-
| [[CARDINAL]]
| [[Complement And Reduction Of Infarct Size After Angioplasty Or Lytics]]
|-
| [[CARDS]]
| [[Collaborative Atorvastatin (Lipitor) And Diabetes Study]]
|-
| [[CARE]]
| [[Cardiac Angiography In Renally Impaired Patients]]
|-
| [[CARE]]
| [[Cholesterol And Recurrent Events]]
|-
| [[CARE]]
| [[Calcium Antagonist In Reperfusion Cholesterol And Recurrent Events Carvedilol Atherectomy Restenosis ]]
|-
| [[CARE-HD]]
| [[Coenzyme Q10 And Remacemide: Evaluation In Huntington Disease]]
|-
| [[CARE-HF]]
| [[Cardiac Resynchronization - Heart Failure European Complement To U.S./Canada Miracle Study]]
|-
| [[CARESS]]
| [[Clopidogrel And Aspirin For Reduction Of Emboli In Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis]]
|-
| [[CARESS-in-AMI: 30-Day and 1-Year Results]]
| [[Combined Abciximab Reteplase Stent Study In Acute Myocardial Infarction: 30-Day and 1-Year Results]]
|-
| [[CARET]]
| [[The Beta Carotene And Retinol Efficacy Trial]]
|-
| [[CARIBE]]
| [[Carvedilol Insuficiencia Cardiaca (Heart Failure) Beta-Receptor]]
|-
| [[CARISA]]
| [[Combination Assessment Of Ranolazine In Stable Angina ]]
|-
| [[CARMEN]]
| [[The Carvedilol And Ace-Inhibitor Remodeling Mild Heart Failure Evaluation Trial]]
|-
| [[CARMEN]]
| [[Carvedilol Ace Inhibitors Remodelling Mild Heart Failure Evaluation]]
|-
| [[CARP]]
| [[Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis]]
|-
| [[CARS]]
| [[Coumadin Aspirin Reinfarction Study]]
|-
| [[CART]]
| [[Canadian Antioxidant Restenosis Trial]]
|-
| [[CARVEDILOL]]
| [[The Effects Of Carvedilol On Morbidity And Mortality In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[CASCADE]]
| [[Cardiac Arrest In Seattle: Conventional Versus Amiodarone Drug Evaluation Study]]
|-
| [[CASES]]
| [[Canadian Activase For Stroke Effectiveness Study]]
|-
| [[CASH]]
| [[Cardiac Arrest Study-Hamburg]]
|-
| [[CASIS]]
| [[Canadian Amlodipine/Atenolol In Silent Ischemia Study]]
|-
| [[CASS]]
| [[Coronary Artery Surgery Study]]
|-
| [[CAST]]
| [[Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial]]
|-
| [[CASTEMI]]
| [[Calderet In St Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[CAST-II]]
| [[The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II]]
|-
| [[CASTLE]]
| [[Candesartan Amlodipine Study Of Tolerability And Efficacy]]
|-
| [[CAT]]
| [[Cardiomyopathy Trial]]
|-
| [[CAT]]
| [[Chinese Ace Inhibitor In Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Cardiomyopathy Trial]]
|-
| [[CATAPULT]]
| [[Cisplatin And Tirapazamine In Subjects With Advanced Previously Untreated Non–Small Cell Lung Tumors]]
|-
| [[Cathedia Study]]
| [[Femoral Vs. Jugular Venous Catheterization And Risk Of Nosocomial Events In Adults Requiring Acute Renal Replacement Therapy]]
|-
| [[CATIE]]
| [[Clinical Antipsychotic Trials Of Intervention Effectiveness]]
|-
| [[CATS]]
| [[Canadian American Ticlopidine Study]]
|-
| [[CATS]]
| [[Captopril And Thrombolysis Study]]
|-
| [[CAVATAS]]
| [[Endovascular Versus Surgical Treatment In Patients With Carotid Stenosis In The Carotid And Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (Cavatas)]]
|-
| [[CAVEAT I]]
| [[Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial I]]
|-
| [[CAVEAT II]]
| [[Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial II]]
|-
| [[CBT-CD]]
| [[Cognitive Behavior Therapy For The Chronic Depressions]]
|-
| [[CCAT]]
| [[Canadian Coronary Atherectomy Trial]]
|-
| [[CCP]]
| [[The Cooperative Cardiovascular Project]]
|-
| [[CCS-1]]
| [[Chinese Cardiac Study]]
|-
| [[CDP]]
| [[Coronary Drug Project]]
|-
| [[CEDARS]]
| [[Comprehensive Evaluation Of Defibrillators And Resuscitative Shock]]
|-
| [[CELL]]
| [[Cost Effectiveness Of Lipid Lowering Study]]
|-
| [[CEOS]]
| [[Congenital Esotropia Observational Study]]
|-
| [[CHAMP]]
| [[Combination Hemotherapy And Mortality Prevention (Champ) Study]]
|-
| [[CHAMP]]
| [[Children's Hiv And Aids Model Program]]
|-
| [[CHAMPIONS]]
| [[Controlled High-Risk Subjects Avonex Ms Prevention In Ongoing Neurologic Surveillance]]
|-
| [[CHAMPS]]
| [[Controlled High-Risk Subjects Avonex Ms Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[CHAOS]]
| [[Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study]]
|-
| [[CHARISMA]]
| [[Clopidogrel For High Atherothrombotic Risk, Ischemic Stabilization, Management, And Avoidance]]
|-
| [[CHARM]]
| [[Candesartan Cilexitil (Atacand) In Heart Failure Assessment Of Reduction Mortality And Morbidity]]
|-
| [[CHARM Added Trial]]
| [[Candesartan In Heart Failure—Added Trial]]
|-
| [[CHARM Alternative Trial]]
| [[Candesartan In Heart Failure—Alternative Trial]]
|-
| [[CHARM Overall Programme Results]]
| [[Candesartan In Heart Failure—Assessment Of Reduction In Mortality And Morbidity]]
|-
| [[CHARM Preserved Trial]]
| [[Candesartan In Heart Failure—Preserved Trial]]
|-
| [[CHEESE]]
| [[Comparative Trial Of Hiv-Infected Patients Evaluating Efficacy And Safety Of Saquinavir-Enhanced Oral Formulation And Indinavir Given As Part Of A Triple Drug Therapy ]]
|-
| [[CHF-STAT]]
| [[Congestive Heart Failure Survival Trial Of Antiarrhythmic Therapy]]
|-
| [[CHICAGO]]
| [[Carotid Intima-Media Thickness In Atherosclerosis Using Pioglitazone]]
|-
| [[CHRISTMAS]]
| [[Carvedilol Hibernating Reversible Ischaemia Trial]]
|-
| [[CHS]]
| [[Cardiovascular Health Study]]
-----
---- [[CHS]]
---- [[Charleston Heart Study]]
-----
---- [[CHS]]
---- [[Community Health Study]]
-----
---- [[CHS]]
---- [[Congenital Heart Surgeons Society Study]]
-----
---- [[CHS]]
---- [[Coronary Heart Study]]
|-
| [[CIAO]]
| [[Coronary Interventions Antiplatelet-Based Only]]
|-
| [[CIBIS]]
| [[Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study]]
|-
| [[CIBIS II]]
| [[The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II]]
|-
| [[CIBIS III]]
| [[The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study III]]
|-
| [[CIDS]]
| [[Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study]]
|-
| [[CIGTS]]
| [[Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study]]
|-
| [[CLARIDI]]
| [[Cholesterol Lowering And Arrhythmias Recurrences After Internal Defibrillator Implantation]]
|-
| [[CLARITY-TIMI 28]]
| [[Clopidogrel As Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy]]
|-
| [[CLAS I AND II]]
| [[Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (I And II)]]
|-
| [[CLASS]]
| [[Celecoxib (Celebrex) Long-Term Arthritis Safety Study]]
|-
| [[CLASSICS]]
| [[Clopidogrel (Plavix) Aspirin Stent International Cooperative Study]]
|-
| [[CLASS-IHT]]
| [[Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study In Ischemic, Hemorrhagic, And Tpa Treated Stroke]]
|-
| [[CLEAR PLATELETS]]
| [[Clopidogrel Loading With Eptifibatide To Arrest The Reactivity Of Platelets Study]]
|-
| [[CLEAR PLATELETS-2]]
| [[Clopidogrel With Eptifibatide To Arrest The Reactivity Of Platelets-2]]
|-
| [[CLEERE]]
| [[Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation Of Ethnicity And Refractive Error]]
|-
| [[COACH]]
| [[Coordinating Study Evaluating Outcomes Of Advising And Counseling In Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[COAST]]
| [[Heparin-Coated Stents In Small Coronary Arteries]]
|-
| [[COBALT]]
| [[Continuous Infusion Versus Double-Bolus Administration Of Alteplase]]
|-
| [[COCAD]]
| [[Cognitive Outcomes In Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[COLA]]
| [[Carvedilol Open Label Assessment]]
|-
| [[COLUMBUS]]
| [[Low Molecular Weight Heparin In The Treatment Of Patients With Venous Thromboembolism]]
|-
| [[COMBINE]]
| [[Combining Medications And Behavorial Interventions ]]
|-
| [[COMET]]
| [[Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial]]
|-
| [[COMMA]]
| [[Compliment Inhibition In Myocardial Infarction Treated With Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (Evaluation Of Iv Dosing Regimens Of H5G1.1-Scfv) ]]
|-
| [[COMMIT/CCS-2 – Clopidogrel]]
| [[Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Adding Clopidogrel To Aspirin In 46,000 Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients]]
|-
| [[COMMIT/CCS-2 – Metoprolol]]
| [[Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Early Metoprolol In 46,000 Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients]]
|-
| [[COMPANION]]
| [[Comparison Of Medical Therapy, Pacing And Defibrillation In Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[Comparison of GR-II Stent and Palmaz-Schatz Stent for Elective Treatment of Coronary Stenosis]]
| [[Randomized Clinical Trial Investigators. Randomized Comparison Of Gr-II Stent And Palmaz-Schatz Stent For Elective Treatment Of Coronary Stenosis]]
|-
| [[Comparison of Ibuprofen and Indomethacin for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus]]
| [[A Comparison Of Ibuprofen And Indomethacin For Closure Of Patent Ductus Arteriosus]]
|-
| [[COMPASS]]
| [[Comparison Trial Of Saruplase And Streptokinase]]
|-
| [[COMPASS-HF]]
| [[Chronicle Offers Management To Patients With Advanced Signs And Symptoms Of Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[COMPLY]]
| [[Compliment Inhibition In Myocardial Infarction Treated With Thrombolytics (Evaluation Of Iv Dosing Regimens Of H5G1.1-Scfv) Sponsors]]
|-
| [[COMS]]
| [[Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study]]
|-
| [[CONSENSUS]]
| [[The Effects Of Enalapril On Mortality In Severe Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[CONSENSUS II]]
| [[The Effects Of The Early Administration Of Enalapril On Mortality In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results Of The Cooperative New Scandin-2]]
|-
| [[CONVERTIBLE]]
| [[Conventional Stenting Versus Direct Stenting In (Un)Stable Angina Pectoris]]
|-
| [[CONVINCE]]
| [[Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation Of Cardiovascular Endpoints Trial]]
|-
| [[COOL]]
| [[Cardiovascular Thrombolytic To Open Occluded Lines]]
|-
| [[COOL AID]]
| [[Cooling For Acute Ischemic Brain Damage]]
|-
| [[COOL MI]]
| [[Cooling As An Adjunctive Therapy To Percutaneous Intervention In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[COOLRCN]]
| [[Cooling To Prevent Radiocontrast Nephropathy]]
|-
| [[COPERNICUS]]
| [[Effect Of Carvedilol On Survival In Severe Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[COPPA]]
| [[Clinical Outcomes From The Prevention Of Postoperative Arrhythmia]]
|-
| [[CORE]]
| [[International Variation In Invasive Procedures And Outcomes In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[CORE]]
| [[Continuing Outcomes Relevant To Evista]]
|-
| [[CORONA]]
| [[Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial In Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[CORSICA]]
| [[Chronic Occlusion Revascularization With Stent Implantation Versus Coronary Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[COSS]]
| [[Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study]]
|-
| [[COURAGE]]
| [[Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization And Aggressive Drug Evaluation ]]
|-
| [[COURT]]
| [[Contrast Utilization In High Risk Patients Undergoing Ptca]]
|-
| [[C-PORT]]
| [[Atlantic Cardiovascular Patient Outcomes Research Team Trial]]
|-
| [[CPVA for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation]]
| [[Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Ablation For Chronic Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[CQI in CABG]]
| [[Continuous Quality Improvement In Coranary Artery Bypass Graft]]
|-
| [[CRASH]]
| [[Corticosteroid Randomization After Significant Head Injury]]
|-
| [[CREATE]]
| [[Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation Of Antidepressant And Psychotherapy Efficacy]]
|-
| [[CREATE ELCA - Reviparin]]
| [[Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Reviparin) In Preventing Mortality, Reinfarction, And Strokes In Over 15,500 Patients With St Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[CREATE-ECLA - GIK]]
| [[Impact Of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium On Mortality And Morbidity In Over 20,000 Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Create-Ecla International Trial]]
|-
| [[CREDO]]
| [[Clopidogrel For Reduction Of Events During Observation]]
|-
| [[CREST]]
| [[Cilostazol For Restenosis]]
|-
| [[CREST]]
| [[Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Vs Stenting Trial]]
|-
| [[CRIS]]
| [[A Controlled Trial Of Verapamil In Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results Of The Calcium, Antagonist Reinfarction Italian Study]]
|-
| [[CRUISE]]
| [[Can Routine Ultrasound Influence Stent Expansion]]
|-
| [[C-SIRIUS]]
| [[Canadian Sirolimus-Eluting Stent In Coronary Lesions]]
|-
| [[CSSS]]
| [[China Salt Substitute Study]]
|-
| [[CTAF]]
| [[Canadian Trial Of Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[CTOPP]]
| [[Canadian Trial Of Physiologic Pacing]]
|-
| [[CUBA]]
| [[Cutting Balloon Versus Conventional Angioplasty Study]]
|-
| [[CURE]]
| [[The Clopidogrel In Unstable Angina To Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators: Effects Of Clopidogrel In Addition To Aspirin In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Without St-Segment Elevation]]
|-
| [[CURE]]
| [[Clopidogrel In Unstable Angina To Prevent Recurrent Ischemic Events]]
|-
| [[DAIS]]
| [[Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study]]
|-
| [[DAISY]]
| [[Diabetes Autoimmunity Study In The Young]]
|-
| [[DANAMI]]
| [[Danish Myocardial Infarction Trial]]
|-
| [[DANAMI-2]]
| [[Danish Trial In Acute Myocardial Infarction-2]]
|-
| [[DANTE]]
| [[Diabetes Abciximab Stent Evaluation]]
|-
| [[DAPPAF]]
| [[Dual Site Atrial Pacing To Prevent Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[DART]]
| [[Dilation Versus Ablation Revascularization Trial]]
|-
| [[DASH]]
| [[Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension]]
|-
| [[DATATOP]]
| [[Deprenyl And Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy Of Parkinsonism]]
|-
| [[DAVID]]
| [[Dual-Chamber And Vvi Implantable Defibrillator]]
|-
| [[DAVID – (Picotamide vs. Aspirin)]]
| [[Drug Evaluation In Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease In Diabetics]]
|-
| [[DAVID II]]
| [[Dual Chamber And Vvi Implantable Defibrillator II]]
|-
| [[DAVIT II]]
| [[Danish Study Group On Verapamil In Mi]]
|-
| [[DCCT]]
| [[Diabetes Control And Complications Trial]]
|-
| [[DEAR-MI]]
| [[Dethrombosis To Enhance Acute Reperfusion In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[DEBATE]]
| [[Doppler Endpoints Balloon Angioplasty Trial Europe]]
|-
| [[DEBATE II]]
| [[Doppler Endpoints Balloon Angioplasty Trial Europe-2]]
|-
| [[DEBUT]]
| [[Defibrillator Versus Beta-Blockers For Unexplained Death In Thailand]]
|-
| [[DECLARE-DIABETES]]
| [[Drug-Eluting Stenting Followed By Cilostazol Treatment Reduces Late Restenosis In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus]]
|-
| [[DECOPI]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of Occluded Artery Angioplasty After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[DECOPI]]
| [[La Desobstruction Coronaire En Post-Infarctus ]]
|-
| [[DECREASE III]]
| [[Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echo III]]
|-
| [[DECREASE-V]]
| [[Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echo-V]]
|-
| [[DEDICATION: Distal Protection Study]]
| [[Drug Elution And Distal Protection In St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[DEDICATION: Stent Study]]
| [[Drug Elution And Distal Protection In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[DEFER]]
| [[Deferral Versus Performance Of Ptca In Patients Without Documented Ischemia]]
|-
| [[DEFINITE]]
| [[Defibrillators In Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation]]
|-
| [[DEFUSE]]
| [[Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Evaluation For Understanding Stroke Evaluation ]]
|-
| [[DELTA MI]]
| [[Direct Inhibition Of Δ-Protein Kinase C Enzyme To Limit Total Infarct Size In Acute Mi]]
|-
| [[DES-DIABETES]]
| [[A Randomized Comparison Of Sirolimus- Versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Implantation In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus]]
|-
| [[DESTINI-CFR]]
| [[Doppler Endpoints Stenting International Investigation - Coronary Flow Reserve ]]
|-
| [[DETAIL]]
| [[Diabetics Exposed To Telmisartan And Enalapril]]
|-
| [[DIABETES]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Of The Polymer-Based, Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus A Bare Metal Stent In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus]]
|-
| [[DIACOR]]
| [[Diabetes And Combined Lipid Therapy Regimen]]
|-
| [[DIAD]]
| [[Detection Of Ischemia In Asymptomatic Diabetics]]
|-
| [[DIADS]]
| [[Depression In Alzheimer Disease Study]]
|-
| [[DIAGNOSIS]]
| [[Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Assessment Of The Genuine Need For Other Studies In Ischemic Stroke]]
|-
| [[DIAL]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of Telephone Intervention In Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[DIAMOND]]
| [[Danish Investigations Of Arrhythmia And Mortality On Dofetilide]]
|-
| [[DIAMOND]]
| [[Distensibility Improvement With Alt-711 Remodeling In Diastolic Heart Failure Sponsor]]
|-
| [[DIAMOND CHF]]
| [[Danish Investigators Of Arrhythmia And Mortality On Dofetilde Congestive Heart Failure ]]
|-
| [[DIDI]]
| [[Diltiazem In Dilated Cardiomyopathy]]
|-
| [[DIG]]
| [[Digoxin Investigation Group]]
|-
| [[DIG Enalapril]]
| [[Enalapril Versus Digoxin In Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: A Multicenter Study (Canadian Enalapril Versus Digoxin Study Group)]]
|-
| [[DIGAMI]]
| [[Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[DIMT]]
| [[Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study Of Ibopamine And Digoxin In Patients With Mild To Moderate Heart Failure: Results Of The Dutch Ibopamine Multic]]
|-
| [[DINAMIT]]
| [[Defibrillation In Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial]]
|-
| [[DIPOM]]
| [[Diabetic Postoperative Mortality And Morbidity Trial]]
|-
| [[DIRECT]]
| [[Direct Stenting Using The Sirolimus-Eluting Stent]]
|-
| [[DIRECT]]
| [[Direct Myocardial Revascularization In Regeneration Of Endocardial Channels Trial]]
|-
| [[DIRECT]]
| [[Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trial Candesartan Cilexetil (Atacand)]]
|-
| [[DIRECTOR]]
| [[Direct Stenting Study With Orbus R Stent]]
|-
| [[DISC]]
| [[Disability In Strategies For Care]]
|-
| [[DISCO]]
| [[Direct Coronary Stenting Versus Stenting With Balloon Predilation: Immediate And Follow-Up Results]]
|-
| [[DISTINCT]]
| [[Biodivysio Stent In Controlled Trial]]
|-
| [[DMIST]]
| [[Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial]]
|-
| [[DPP]]
| [[Diabetes Prevention Program Trial]]
|-
| [[DPT-1]]
| [[Diabetes Prevention Trial - Type 1 ]]
|-
| [[DREAM]]
| [[Diabetes Reduction Approaches With Ramipril And Rosiglitazone Medications]]
|-
| [[DREAM - Ramipril]]
| [[Diabetes Reduction Assessment With Ramipril And Rosiglitazone Medication]]
|-
| [[DREAM - Rosiglitazone]]
| [[Diabetes Reduction Assessment With Ramipril And Rosiglitazone Medication]]
|-
| [[DUCCS-1]]
| [[Duke University Clinical Cardiology Study - 1]]
|-
| [[DUCCS-2]]
| [[Duke University Clinical Cardiology Study - 2]]
|-
| [[DYSBOT]]
| [[Dysport And Botox Study ]]
|-
| [[EAFT]]
| [[European Atrial Fibrillation Trial]]
|-
| [[EAGAR]]
| [[Estrogen And Graft Atherosclerosis Research Trial]]
|-
| [[EARLY]]
| [[Eptifibatide For Acute Coronary Syndromes—Rapid Versus Late Administration For Therapeutic Yield]]
|-
| [[EARLY]]
| [[Endothelin Antagonist Trial In Mildly Symptomatic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patient]]
|-
| [[EARLY ACS]]
| [[Early Glycoprotein IIb/IIia Inhibition In Non–St-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[EARS]]
| [[European Atherosclerosis Research Study]]
|-
| [[EARTH]]
| [[Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Trial In Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[EASE]]
| [[Ezetimibe Add-On To Statin Therapy For Effectiveness Trial]]
|-
| [[EAST]]
| [[Emory Angioplasty Vs Surgery Trial]]
|-
| [[EASTER]]
| [[Estrogen And Stents To Eliminate Restenosis]]
|-
| [[EASY]]
| [[Early Discharge After Transradial Stenting Of Coronary Arteries]]
|-
| [[EASYAS]]
| [[Eastbourne Syncope Assessment Study]]
|-
| [[ECASS III]]
| [[European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III]]
|-
| [[ECCE]]
| [[Effects Of Captopril On Cardiopulmonary Exercise Parameters (Ecce)]]
|-
| [[ECCO 2000]]
| [[Effects Of Citicoline (Ceraxon) On Clinical Outcome - 2000 Mg ]]
|-
| [[ECHO in PPH]]
| [[Echocardiographic Predictors Of Adverse Outcomes In Primary Pulmonary Hypertension.]]
|-
| [[ECLA GIK]]
| [[Estudios Cardiologicos Latinoamerica Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Pilot Trial]]
|-
| [[ECLIPSE]]
| [[Ensure's Vascular Closure Device Speeds Hemostasis Trial]]
|-
| [[ECRIS]]
| [[Endocoronary-Rhenium-Irradiation-Study]]
|-
| [[ECSG-1]]
| [[European Cooperative Study Group For Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator]]
|-
| [[ECSG-6]]
| [[European Cooperative Study Group For Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator II]]
|-
| [[ECSS]]
| [[European Coronary Surgery Study Group]]
|-
| [[ECST]]
| [[European Carotid Surgery Trial]]
|-
| [[EDGECAP]]
| [[Evaluation Of Daptomycin (Cidecin) In Gram-Positive Entities In The Treatment Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia]]
|-
| [[EDGESST]]
| [[Evaluation Of Daptomycin (Cidecin) In Gram-Positive Entities In The Treatment Of Complicated Skin And Soft Tissue Infections]]
|-
| [[EDGE]]
| [[Evaluation Of Daptomycin (Cidecin) In Gram-Positive Entities]]
|-
| [[EDGEUTI]]
| [[Evaluation Of Daptomycin (Cidecin) In Gram-Positive Entities In The Treatment Of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection]]
|-
| [[ED-IMPACT]]
| [[Emergency Department Impedance Cardiography-Aided Assessment Changes Therapy Sponsor: Cardiodynamics International]]
|-
| [[EFICAT]]
| [[Ejection Fraction In Cardiac Transplant Patients]]
|-
| [[EGASIS]]
| [[Early Gaba-Ergic Activation Sin Troke]]
|-
| [[ELATE]]
| [[Extended Low-Intensity Anticoagulation For Thrombo-Embolism Investigators]]
|-
| [[ELECT]]
| [[Evaluating Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Clotting Times]]
|-
| [[ELITE]]
| [[Evaluation Of Losartan In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[ELITE-II]]
| [[Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study]]
|-
| [[ELLDOPA]]
| [[Earlier Versus Later Levodopa In Parkinson Disease]]
|-
| [[ELUTES]]
| [[European Evaluation Of Paclitaxel Eluting Stent]]
|-
| [[ELVD-CHF]]
| [[Exercise In Left Ventricular Dysfunction And Chronic Heart Failure Trial]]
|-
| [[EMERALD]]
| [[Enhanced Myocardial Efficacy And Removal By Aspiration Of Liberated Debris]]
|-
| [[EMERALD]]
| [[European And Australian Multicenter Evaluative Research On Atrial Fibrillation—Dofetilide]]
|-
| [[EMERAS]]
| [[Estudio Multicentrico Estreptoquinasa Republicas De America Del Sur]]
|-
| [[EMIAT]]
| [[European Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone Trial]]
|-
| [[EMIP]]
| [[Prehospital Thrombolytic Therapy In Patients With Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[EMIP-FR]]
| [[European Myocardial Infarction Project—Free Radicals]]
|-
| [[EMIT]]
| [[European Mivazerol Trial]]
|-
| [[EMPIRIC]]
| [[Comparison Of Empiric To Physician-Tailored Programming Of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators Trial]]
|-
| [[ENABLE]]
| [[Effects Of The Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Bosentan On The Morbidity And Mortality In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[ENCOR]]
| [[Enrasentan Cooperative Randomized Evaluation]]
|-
| [[ENCORE I]]
| [[Evaluation Of Nifedipine And Cerivastatin On Recovery Of Coronary Endothelial Function]]
|-
| [[ENCORE II]]
| [[Long-Term Effect Of Nifedipine On Vasomotion And Vessel Morphology In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: An Intravascular Ultrasound-Assisted Evaluation]]
|-
| [[ENDEAVOR II]]
| [[Randomized Comparison Of The Endeavor Abt-578 Drug Eluting Stent With A Bare Metal Stent For Coronary Revascularization]]
|-
| [[ENDEAVOR III]]
| [[Randomized Comparison Of Zotarolimus-Eluting And Sirolimus-Eluting Stents In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease-3]]
|-
| [[ENDEAVOR IV]]
| [[Randomized Comparison Of Zotarolimus-Eluting And Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease-4]]
|-
| [[ENDEAVOR-1]]
| [[Multicenter Evaluation Of Abt-578 Elution From A Phosphorylcholine-Coated Stent]]
|-
| [[ENHANCE]]
| [[Simvastatin With Or Without Ezetimibe In Familial Hypercholesterolemia]]
|-
| [[ENRICHD]]
| [[Enhancing Recovery In Coronary Heart Disease]]
|-
| [[ENTIRE]]
| [[Enoxaparin And Tnk-Tpa With Or Without Gp IIb/IIia Inhibitor As Reperfusion Strategy In St Elevation Mi (TIMI-23) ]]
|-
| [[EPAMSA]]
| [[Estudio Piloto Argentino De Muerte Subita Y Amioda Rone (Argentine Pilot Study Of Sudden Death And Amiodarone)]]
|-
| [[EPAT]]
| [[Estrogen In The Prevention Of Atherosclerosis Trial]]
|-
| [[EPHESUS]]
| [[Eplerenone Post-Ami Heart Failure Efficacy And Survival Study]]
|-
| [[EPIC]]
| [[Evaluation Of C7E3 For The Prevention Of Ischemic Complications]]
|-
| [[EPILOG]]
| [[Evaluation Of Ptca To Improve Long-Term Outcome By C7E3 Gp IIb/IIia Receptor (Abciximab) Blockade]]
|-
| [[EPISTENT]]
| [[Evaluation Of Platelet IIb/IIia Inhibitor For Stenting Trial]]
|-
| [[EPOS]]
| [[Elective Pci In Outpatient Study]]
|-
| [[ERA]]
| [[Enoxaparin Restenosis (Era) Trial.]]
|-
| [[ERA]]
| [[Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (Ra) Enoxaparin Restenosis After Angioplasty StudyEstrogen Replacement And Atherosclerosis Study]]
|-
| [[ERA (HRT)]]
| [[Effect Of Estrogen Replacement On The Progression Of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis]]
|-
| [[ERACI]]
| [[Estudio Randomizado Argentino De Angioplastia Vs. Cirugía (Argentine Randomized Trial Of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery In Multivessel Disease)]]
|-
| [[ERACI II]]
| [[Argentine Randomized Study: Coronary Angioplasty With Stenting Vs. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery In Patients With Multiple-Vessel Disease (Eraci II): 30-Day And One Year Follow-Up Results]]
|-
| [[ERASE]]
| [[Emergency Room Assessment Of Sestamibi For Evaluation Of Chest Pain]]
|-
| [[ERASE]]
| [[Effects Of Rhdl On Atherosclerosis–Safety And Efficacy]]
|-
| [[ERASER]]
| [[Evaluation Of Reopro And Stenting To Eliminate Restenosis]]
|-
| [[ERBAC]]
| [[Excimer Laser, Rotational Atherectomy, Balloon Angioplasty Complications Study]]
|-
| [[ERGO]]
| [[Etomoxir For The Recovery Of Glucose Oxidation]]
|-
| [[ERICA]]
| [[Efficacy Of Ranolazine In Chronic Angina]]
|-
| [[ERNA]]
| [[Early Return To Normal Activities At Two Weeks After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Preliminary Results Of A Randomized Study]]
|-
| [[ER-TIMI]]
| [[Early Retavase - Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ESCAMI]]
| [[Evaluation Of The Safety And Cardioprotective Effects Of Eniporide In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ESCAPE]]
| [[Evaluation Study Of Congestive Heart Failure And Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness]]
|-
| [[ESCAPE]]
| [[Evaluation Study Of Congestive Heart Failure And Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness]]
|-
| [[E-SIRIUS]]
| [[European Sirolimus-Eluting Stent In Coronary Lesions]]
|-
| [[ESPRIT]]
| [[Enhanced Suppression Of The Platelet IIb/IIia Receptor With Integrilin TherapyEuropean Study Of The Prevention Of Reocclusion After Initial ThrombolysisEvaluation Of Subcutaneous Proleukin In A Randomized International Trial]]
|-
| [[ESPRIT HRT]]
| [[Oestrogen In The Prevention Of Reinfarction Trial]]
|-
| [[ESPS2]]
| [[European Stroke Prevention Study 2]]
|-
| [[ESPS-2]]
| [[European Stroke Prevention Study 2]]
|-
| [[ESSENCE]]
| [[Efficacy And Safety Of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin In Unstable Angina And Non-Q-Wave Mi]]
|-
| [[ESSENCE]]
| [[Efficacy And Safety Of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin In Non–Q-Wave Coronary Events ]]
|-
| [[ESSENTIAL]]
| [[The Studies Of Oral Enoximone Therapy In Advanced Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[ESSENTIAL]]
| [[The Studies Of Oral Enoximone Therapy In Advanced Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[ESTAT]]
| [[European Stroke Treatment With Ancrod Trial]]
|-
| [[ESTEEM]]
| [[Efficacy And Safety Of The Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Ximelagatran In Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ESVEM]]
| [[Electrophysiologic Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Trial]]
|-
| [[ETHECC]]
| [[Evaluation Of Thymitaq In Hepatocellular Carcinoma]]
|-
| [[ETICA]]
| [[Exercise Training Intervention After Coronary Angioplasty: The Etica Trial]]
|-
| [[ETROP]]
| [[Early Treatment Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity]]
|-
| [[EURIDIS and ADONIS]]
| [[Maintenance Of Sinus Rhythm With Dronedarone In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Or Flutter]]
|-
| [[EUROACTION]]
| [[Nurse-Coordinated Multidisciplinary, Family-Based Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Programme]]
|-
| [[EUROCARE]]
| [[Carvedilol For Prevention Of Restenosis After Directional Coronary Atherectomy]]
|-
| [[EUROPA]]
| [[European Trial On Reduction Of Cardiac Events With Perindopril In Stable Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[EURO-SPAH]]
| [[European Sonotherapy Trial To Prevent Arterial Hyperplasia]]
|-
| [[Euro-SPAH]]
| [[European-Sonotherapy Prevention Of Arterial Hyperplasia]]
|-
| [[EUROSTAR]]
| [[European Cobalt Stent With Antiproliferative For Restenosis Trial]]
|-
| [[EUTOPIA]]
| [[European Trial On Olmesartan And Pravastatin In Inflammation And Atherosclerosis]]
|-
| [[EVA]]
| [[Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Predicts Occurrence Of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques: Longitudinal Results From The Aging Vascular Study]]
|-
| [[EVA-AMI]]
| [[Eptifibatide Versus Abciximab In Primary Pci For Acute St Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[EVEREST]]
| [[Efficacy Of Vasopressin Antagonism In Heart Failure: Outcome Study With Tolvaptan]]
|-
| [[EVEREST I]]
| [[Endovascular Valve Edge-To-Edge Repair Study]]
|-
| [[EVET]]
| [[Enoxaparin Versus Tinzaparin In Non-St-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[EVIDENCE]]
| [[Evidence For Interferon Dose-Effect: European-North American Comparative Efficacy Study (Rebif V. Avonex In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (Rrms))]]
|-
| [[EVIDENT]]
| [[Endo-Vascular Investigation Determining The Safety Of A New Tacrolimus Eluting Stent Graft]]
|-
| [[EVIDENT]]
| [[Endovascular Investigation Determining The Safety Of A New Tacrolimus-Eluting Stent Graft]]
|-
| [[EXCITE]]
| [[Evaluation Of Oral Xemilofiban In Controlling Thrombotic Events]]
|-
| [[EXCITE]]
| [[Evaluation Of Oral Xemilofiban In Controlling Thrombotic Events ]]
|-
| [[EXCITe]]
| [[Extremity Constraint-Induced Therapy]]
|-
| [[EXCLAIM]]
| [[Extended Clinical Prophylaxis In Acutely Ill Medical Patients (Lovenox (Enoxaparin) Postmarketing (Phase Iv) Trial) ]]
|-
| [[EXPEDITION]]
| [[Na+/H+ Exchange Inhibition To Prevent Coronary Events In Acute Cardiac Conditions]]
|-
| [[EXPIRA]]
| [[ Thrombectomy With Export Catheter In Infarct-Related Artery During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]]
|-
| [[ExTRACT]]
| [[Enoxaparin And Thrombolysis Reperfusion For Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment]]
|-
| [[F.I.R.E.]]
| [[Efficacy Of Fx06 In The Prevention Of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Trial]]
|-
| [[FAAT]]
| [[Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial]]
|-
| [[FACET]]
| [[Flosequinan - Ace Inhibition Trial]]
|-
| [[FACET]]
| [[Fosinopril Versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial]]
|-
| [[FACIT]]
| [[Folate After Coronary Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[FACT]]
| [[Effect Of Nadroparin, A Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, On Clinical And Angiographic Restenosis After Coronary Balloon Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[FAME]]
| [[Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography For Multivessel Evaluation]]
|-
| [[FAME]]
| [[Fluvastatin (Lescol) Assessment Of Morbi-Mortality In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[FAMIS]]
| [[Fosinopril In Acute Myocardial Infarction Study]]
|-
| [[FANTASTIC]]
| [[Randomized Multicenter Comparison Of Conventional Anticoagulation Versus Antiplatelet Therapy In Unplanned And Elective Coronary Stenting]]
|-
| [[FAST]]
| [[Femoral Artery Stenting Trial]]
|-
| [[FASTER]]
| [[Fibrinolytic And Aggrastat St Elevation Resolution First Abarelix Depot Study For Treating Endometriosis RapidlyFirst And Second Trimester Evaluation Of Risk]]
|-
| [[FAST-MAG]]
| [[Field Administration Of Stroke Therapy - Magnesium]]
|-
| [[FATS]]
| [[Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study]]
|-
| [[FEMINA]]
| [[Addition Of Felodipine To Metoprolol Vs. Replacement Of Metoprolol By Felodipine In Patients With Angina Pectoris Despite Adequate Beta-Blockade]]
|-
| [[FERRIC-HF]]
| [[Effect Of Intravenous Ferrous Sucrose On Exercise Capacity In Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[FEST]]
| [[Fosinopril Efficacy/Safety Trial]]
|-
| [[FIELD]]
| [[Fenofibrate Intervention And Event Lowering In Diabetes]]
|-
| [[FIELD]]
| [[Fenofibrate (Tricor) Intervention And Event Lowering In Diabetes]]
|-
| [[FINESSE]]
| [[Facilitated Intervention With Enhanced Reperfusion Speed To Stop Events]]
|-
| [[FIRE]]
| [[Filterwire Ex Randomized Evaluation]]
|-
| [[FIRST]]
| [[Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial (Phase IIi (Develop Economic Data))]]
|-
| [[FIRST]]
| [[Flolan (Dobutamine) International Randomized Survival Trial First Trimester Integrated Risk Screening For Trisomy]]
|-
| [[FLARE]]
| [[Fluvastatin Angioplasty Restenosis]]
|-
| [[FLARE]]
| [[Fluvastatin (Lescol) Angiographic Restenosis]]
|-
| [[FLORIDA]]
| [[Fluvastatin On Risk Diminishing After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[FLUCAD]]
| [[Influenza Vaccination In Secondary Prevention From Coronary Ischemic Events In Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[FOOD]]
| [[Feed Or Ordinary Diet]]
|-
| [[FOSIT]]
| [[Fosamax International Trial]]
|-
| [[FRAXIS]]
| [[Fraxiparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin In The Treatment Of Unstable Angina]]
|-
| [[FRAXIS / FRAX.I.S.]]
| [[Fraxiparine In Ischemic Syndromes]]
|-
| [[FRESCO]]
| [[Investigators In The Florence Randomized Elective Stenting In Acute Coronary Occlusions]]
|-
| [[FRIC]]
| [[Fragmin In Unstable Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[FRIC]]
| [[Fragmin In Unstable Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[FRISC]]
| [[Fast Revascularization During Instability In Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[FRISC II]]
| [[Fragmin And Fast Revascularization During Instability In Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[FROST]]
| [[French Optimal Stenting Trial]]
|-
| [[FROSTY]]
| [[Freezor Trial Of Supraventricular Tachycardia]]
|-
| [[FTT]]
| [[Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' Collaborative Group]]
|-
| [[FUSION]]
| [[Fractional Flow Reserve And Ultrasound Indices For Objective Narrowing Assessment]]
|-
| [[FUSION I]]
| [[Follow-Up Serial Infusions Of Nesiritide Trial]]
|-
| [[FUTURE I]]
| [[First Use To Underscore Restenosis Reduction With Everolimus]]
|-
| [[FUTURE II]]
| [[Multicenter Evaluation Of The Biosbsorbable Polymer-Based Everolimus-Eluting Stent]]
|-
| [[GABI]]
| [[German Angioplasty Vs. Bypass Surgery Investigation]]
|-
| [[GABI-2]]
| [[German Angioplasty Bypass Investigation - 2]]
|-
| [[GAMI]]
| [[ Glucose Abnormalities In Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Prevalence, Diagnosis, And Prognostic Implications]]
|-
| [[GAMMA II]]
| [[Gamma II Localized Radiation Therapy To Inhibit Restenosis]]
|-
| [[GAMMA V]]
| [[Gamma V Localized Radiation Therapy To Inhibit Restenosis]]
|-
| [[Gamma-One]]
| [[Localized Intracoronary Gamma-Radiation Therapy To Inhibit The Recurrence Of Restenosis After Stenting]]
|-
| [[GART study]]
| [[Genotypic Antiretroviral Resistance Testing]]
|-
| [[GEMICA]]
| [[Morbidity And Mortality Following Early Administration Of Amiodarone In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[GEMINI]]
| [[Glycemic Effects In Diabetes Mellitus: Carvedilol - Metoprolol Comparison In Hypertensives Trial]]
|-
| [[GEMS]]
| [['Ginkgo Biloba 'Evaluation Memory Study]]
|-
| [[GENESIS]]
| [[A Randomized, Multicenter Study Of The Pimecrolimus-Eluting And Pimecrolimus/Paclitaxel-Eluting Coronary Stent System In Patients With De Novo Lesions Of The Native Coronary Arteries]]
|-
| [[GENEVA]]
| [[ Intracoronary Beta Irradiation To Reduce Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[GENIUS-STEMI]]
| [[A Randomized Comparison Of Genous Stent Versus Chromium-Cobalt Stent For Treatment Of St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[GenSalt]]
| [[Genetic Epidemiology Network Of Salt Sensitivity]]
|-
| [[GESICA]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of Low-Dose Amiodarone In Severe Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[GIPS]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion On 30 Day Mortality In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[GIPS II]]
| [[ Glucose - Insulin - Potassium Study In Patients With St Elevation Myocardial Infarction Without Signs Of Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[GISEN]]
| [[Gruppo Italiano Di Studi Epidemiologici In Nefrologia]]
|-
| [[GISSI-1]]
| [[Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell'Infarto Miocardico Acuto-1]]
|-
| [[GISSI-2]]
| [[Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell'Infarto Miocardico Acuto-2]]
|-
| [[GISSI-3]]
| [[Effects Of Lisinopril And Transdermal Glycerol Trinitrate Singly And Together On 6-Week Mortality And Ventricular Function After Ami]]
|-
| [[GISSI-HF: n-3 PUFA]]
| [[Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell’Infarto Miocardico–Heart Failure: N-3 Pufa]]
|-
| [[GISSI-HF: Rosuvastatin]]
| [[Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell’Infarto Miocardico–Heart Failure: Rosuvastatin]]
|-
| [[GOSPEL]]
| [[Global Secondary Prevention Strategies To Limit Event Recurrence After Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[G-PAD]]
| [[Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor In Patients With Intermittent Claudication]]
|-
| [[GRACIA I]]
| [[Randomized Trial Comparing Stenting Within 24 Hours Of Thrombolysis Versus Ischemia-Guided Approach To Thrombolysed Acute Myocardial Infarction With St Elevation]]
|-
| [[GRACIA II]]
| [[Primary Optimal Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Facilitated Intervention In Stemi Patients]]
|-
| [[GRAPE]]
| [[Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial]]
|-
| [[GUARDIAN]]
| [[Inhibition Of The Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger With Cariporide To Prevent Myocardial Infarction In High-Risk Ischemic Situations: Main Results Of The Guard During Ischemia Against Necrosis (Guardian) Trial]]
|-
| [[GUSTO]]
| [[Global Utilization Of Streptokinase And Tpa For Occluded Arteries ]]
|-
| [[GUSTO IIB]]
| [[Global Utilization Of Streptokinase And Tpa For Occluded Arteries IIb]]
|-
| [[GUSTO V]]
| [[The Gusto V Randomised Trial]]
|-
| [[GUSTO-3]]
| [[Global Utilization Of Streptokinase And Tpa For Occluded Arteries-III]]
|-
| [[GUSTO-SPEED]]
| [[Global Utilization Of Streptokinase And Tpa For Occluded Arteries–Strategies For Patency Enhancement In The Emergency Department]]
|-
| [[HAAMU-STENT]]
| [[Helsinki Area Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment Re-Evaluation - Should The Patients Get A Drug-Eluting Or Normal Stent]]
|-
| [[HACA]]
| [[Mild Therapeuric Hypothermia To Improve The Neurologic Outcome After Cardiac Arrest]]
|-
| [[HAEST]]
| [[Heparin In Acute Embolic Stroke Trial]]
|-
| [[HALT-C]]
| [[Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment To Prevent Cirrhosis ]]
|-
| [[HALT-MI]]
| [[Hu23F2G Anti-Adhesion To Limit Cytotoxic Injury Following Ami]]
|-
| [[HANDLS]]
| [[Health Aging In Nationally Diverse Longitudinal Samples]]
|-
| [[HANE]]
| [[Randomized, Double-Blind Multicenter Comparison Of Hydrochlorothiazide, Atenolol, Nitrendipine, And Enalapril In Antihypertensive Treatment]]
|-
| [[HARDBALL]]
| [[Heart Allograft Rejection: Detection With Breath Alkanes In Low Level]]
|-
| [[HARDBALL]]
| [[Heart Allograft Rejection: Detection With Breath Alkanes In Low Levels]]
|-
| [[HARP]]
| [[Harvard Atherosclerosis Reversibility Project]]
|-
| [[HART]]
| [[Heparin-Aspirin Reperfusion Trial]]
|-
| [[HART II]]
| [[Randomized Comparison Of Enoxaparin, A Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, With Unfractionated Heparin Adjunctive To Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Thrombolysis And Aspirin: Second Trial Of Heparin And Aspirin Reperfusion Therapy]]
|-
| [[HAT]]
| [[Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial]]
|-
| [[HAT 1]]
| [[Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia 1]]
|-
| [[HAT 2]]
| [[Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia 2]]
|-
| [[HATS]]
| [[Hdl-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study]]
|-
| [[HDFP]]
| [[Hypertension Detection And Follow-Up Program]]
|-
| [[HDOM]]
| [[Heart Disease On The Mend]]
|-
| [[HeADDFIRST]]
| [[Hemicraniectomy And Durotomy For Deterioration From Infarction Relating Swelling Trial]]
|-
| [[HEART]]
| [[Healing And Early Afterload Reducing Therapy Trial]]
|-
| [[HEART]]
| [[Healing And Early Afterload Reducing Therapy]]
|-
| [[HEAT 2]]
| [[Hypertension Endothelin Antagonist Treatment]]
|-
| [[Heidelberg]]
| [[Heidelberg Trial]]
|-
| [[HELAS]]
| [[Antithrombotic Therapy In Heart Failure: A Randomized Comparison Of Warfarin Vs. Aspirin]]
|-
| [[HELAS]]
| [[Antithrombotic Therapy In Heart Failure: A Randomized Comparison Of Warfarin Vs. Aspirin]]
|-
| [[Helsinki Heart Study]]
| [[Helsinski Heart Study]]
|-
| [[Helsinki Heart Study]]
| [[Helsinski Heart Study]]
|-
| [[HEME]]
| [[Hemorrhage Early Mri Evaluation]]
|-
| [[HERO]]
| [[Hirulog Early Reperfusion/Occlusion Trial]]
|-
| [[HERO]]
| [[Hirulog Early Reperfusion/Occlusion Trial]]
|-
| [[HERO-2]]
| [[Hirulog And Early Reperfusion Or Occlusion Trial]]
|-
| [[HERS]]
| [[Heart And Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study]]
|-
| [[HERS]]
| [[Heart And Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Hiv Epidemiology Research Study]]
|-
| [[HESTIA]]
| [[Home Evaluation Of Stroke Induced Aid]]
|-
| [[HF-ACTION]]
| [[Heart Failure–A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes Of Exercise Training]]
|-
| [[HF-ACTION Substudy]]
| [[Effect Of Exercise Training On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[HHH]]
| [[Home Or Hospital Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[HIJ-CREATE]]
| [[Heart Institute Of Japan Candesartan Randomized Trial For Evaluation In Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[HIPS]]
| [[Heparin Infusion Prior To Stenting ]]
|-
| [[HIT]]
| [[Hdl-Cholesterol Intervention Trial Hirudin For The Improvement Of Thrombolysis]]
|-
| [[HIT-I]]
| [[Hirudin For The Improvement Of Thrombolysis]]
|-
| [[HIT-III]]
| [[Hirudin For Improvement Of Thrombolysis]]
|-
| [[HOME]]
| [[Hyperinsulinemia: The Outcome Of Its Metabolic Effects]]
|-
| [[HOPE]]
| [[Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation ]]
|-
| [[HOPE]]
| [[The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study]]
|-
| [[HOPE-2]]
| [[Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation]]
|-
| [[HOPE-TOO]]
| [[Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation - The Ongoing Outcomes ]]
|-
| [[HORIZON]]
| [[Health Outcomes And Reduced Incidence With Zoledronic Once Yearly]]
|-
| [[HORIZONS-AMI]]
| [[Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization And Stents In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[HORIZONS-AMI Stent]]
| [[Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization And Stents In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[HOS]]
| [[Hypertension-Obesity-Sibutramine]]
|-
| [[HOT]]
| [[Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study]]
|-
| [[HOT]]
| [[Hypertension Optimum Treatment]]
|-
| [[HPS]]
| [[Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Heart Protection Study]]
|-
| [[HPS]]
| [[Heart Protection Study]]
|-
| [[HRS]]
| [[Health And Retirement Study]]
|-
| [[Hy-C]]
| [[The Hydralazine Captopril Trial]]
|-
| [[HYVET]]
| [[Hypertension In The Very Elderly Trial]]
|-
| [[HYVET]]
| [[Hypertension In The Very Elderly Trial]]
|-
| [[IBIS-2]]
| [[Integrated Biomarker And Imaging Study-2]]
|-
| [[ICE-IT]]
| [[Intravascular Cooling Adjunctive To Primary Coronary Intervention]]
|-
| [[ICON]]
| [[Ionic Versus Nonionic Contrast To Obviate Worsening Nephropathy After Angioplasty In Chronic Renal Failure Patients]]
|-
| [[ICSS]]
| [[International Carotid Stenting Study (Cavatas-2)]]
|-
| [[ICTUS]]
| [[Invasive Versus Conservative Treatment In Unstable Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[IDEAL]]
| [[Incremental Decrease In Clinical Endpoints Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering]]
|-
| [[IDEAL]]
| [[Incremental Decrease In Endpoints Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering Iressa Dose Evaluation In Advanced Lung Cancer]]
|-
| [[IDNT]]
| [[Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial]]
|-
| [[IDNT]]
| [[Irbesartan In Diabetic Nephropathy Trial]]
|-
| [[IHAST]]
| [[Intraoperative Hypothermia For Aneurysm Surgery Trial]]
|-
| [[ILLUMINATE]]
| [[ Investigation Of Lipid Level Management To Understand Its Impact In Atherosclerotic Events]]
|-
| [[ILLUSTRATE]]
| [[Investigation Of Lipid Level Management Using Coronary Ultrasound To Assess Reduction Of Atherosclerosis By Cetp Inhibition And Hdl Elevation]]
|-
| [[IMAGES]]
| [[Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy In Stroke]]
|-
| [[IMAGINE]]
| [[Ischemia Management With Accupril Post-Bypass Graft Via Inhibition Of The Converting Enzyme]]
|-
| [[IMAGINE]]
| [[Ischemic Management With Accupril Post Bypass Graft Via Inhibition Of Converting Enzyme]]
|-
| [[IMPACT]]
| [[Integrilin To Manage Platelet Aggregation To Prevent Coronary Thrombosis International Mexiletine Or Placebo Antiarrhythmic Coronary TrialInternational Multiple Sclerosis Secondary Progressive Avonex Controlled Trial]]
|-
| [[IMPACT II]]
| [[Integrilin To Minimise Platelet Aggregation And Coronary Thrombus - II]]
|-
| [[IMPACT-HF]]
| [[Initiation Management Predischarge: Process For Assessment Of Carvedilol Therapy In Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[IMPRESS]]
| [[ Immunosuppressive Therapy For The Prevention Of Restenosis After Coronary Artery Stent Implantation]]
|-
| [[IMPRESS]]
| [[Inhibition Of Metalloprotease By Bms-186716 In A Randomized Exercise And Symptoms Study ]]
|-
| [[IMPROVE-CHF]]
| [[Improved Management Of Patients With Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[IMS]]
| [[Interventional Management Of Stroke Study]]
|-
| [[IN-CHF]]
| [[Italian Network - Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[INCOMIN]]
| [[Independent Comparison Of Interferon (Betaseron V. Avonex In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (Rrms)]]
|-
| [[InDDEx]]
| [[Investigation Into Delay To Diagnosis Of Alzheimer Disease With Exelon]]
|-
| [[INHIBIT]]
| [[Intimal Hyperplasia Inhibition With Beta In-Stent Trial]]
|-
| [[INHIBIT]]
| [[Intimal Hyperplasia Inhibition With Beta In-Stent Trial]]
|-
| [[INJECT]]
| [[International Joint Efficacy Comparison Of Thrombolytics]]
|-
| [[INSIGHT]]
| [[International Nifedipine Gits Study: Intervention As A Goal In Hypertension Treatment]]
|-
| [[INSIGHT]]
| [[International Nifedipine Once-Daily Study – Intervention As A Goal In Hypertension Treatment]]
|-
| [[INSPIRE]]
| [[Adenosine Sestamibi Post-Infarction Evaluation (Inspire) Trial]]
|-
| [[INSYNC]]
| [[Multisite Pacing As A Supplemental Treatment Of Congestive Heart Failure: The Medtronic Inc. Insync Study]]
|-
| [[INTACT]]
| [[Iressa Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Trial Assessing Combination Treatment]]
|-
| [[INTAMI]]
| [[Integrilin In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[INTEGRITI]]
| [[Integrilin And Tenecteplase In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[INTEGRITI]]
| [[Integrilin And Tenecteplase In Acute Myocardial Infarction ]]
|-
| [[INTERACT]]
| [[Integrilin And Enoxaparin Randomized Assessment Of Acute Coronary Syndrome Treatment]]
|-
| [[INTERCEPT]]
| [[Incomplete Infarction Trial Of European Research Collaborators Evaluating Prognosis Post-Thrombolysis (Diltiazem)]]
|-
| [[INTERHEART]]
| [[A Study Of Risk Factors For First Myocardial Infarction In 52 Countries And Over 27,000 Subjects]]
|-
| [[InTIME]]
| [[Intravenous Npa For Treatment Of Infarcting Myocardium Early ]]
|-
| [[InTime-2]]
| [[Intravenous Npa For Treatment Of Infarcting Myocardium Early]]
|-
| [[INTrEPID]]
| [[Investigation Of Non–Transplant-Eligible Patients Who Are Inotrope Dependent See ]]
|-
| [[INTRINSIC RV]]
| [[ Inhibition Of Unnecessary Rv Pacing With Av Search Hysteresis In Icds]]
|-
| [[INTRO-AMI]]
| [[Integrilin And Reduced Dose Of Thrombolytic In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[INVEST]]
| [[International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study]]
|-
| [[IONA]]
| [[Effect Of Nicorandil On Coronary Events In Patients With Stable]]
|-
| [[IONA]]
| [[Impact Of Nicorandil In Angina]]
|-
| [[IONDT]]
| [[Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial]]
|-
| [[I-PRESERVE]]
| [[Rbesartan In Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Study]]
|-
| [[IRAS]]
| [[Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study]]
|-
| [[IRIS]]
| [[Isostent For Restenosis Intervention Study]]
|-
| [[IRIS]]
| [[Isostent For Restenosis Intervention Study]]
|-
| [[IRMA 2]]
| [[Irbesartan In Type 2 Diabetes With Microalbuminuria 2]]
|-
| [[IRMA 2]]
| [[Irbesartan (Avapro) Microalbuminuria Type 2]]
|-
| [[ISAAC]]
| [[International Study Of Asthma And Allergies In Childhood]]
|-
| [[ISAM]]
| [[Intravenous Streptokinase In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ISAR]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Antithrombotic Regimen Trial]]
|-
| [[ISAR]]
| [[Individualizable Drug-Eluting Stent System To Abrogate Restenosis Project]]
|-
| [[ISAR]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Antithrombotic Regimen]]
|-
| [[ISAR DIABETES]]
| [[Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stent For The Prevention Of Restenosis In Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[ISAR REACT]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Antithrombotic Regimen Rapid Early Action For Coronary Treatment]]
|-
| [[ISAR-CHOICE]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Antithrombotic Regimen: Choose Between 3 High Oral Doses For Immediate Clopidogrel Effect]]
|-
| [[ISAR-COOL]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting With Antithrombotic Regimen Cooling-Off]]
|-
| [[ISAR-DESIRE]]
| [[Drug-Eluting Stents For In-Stent Restenosis]]
|-
| [[ISAR-LEFT MAIN]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Angiographic Results: Drug-Eluting Stents For Unprotected Coronary Left Main Lesions]]
|-
| [[ISAR-PEACE]]
| [[ Intracoronary Stenting And Angiographic Restenosis: Promote Endothelial Cells With Estradiol]]
|-
| [[ISAR-REACT 2]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action For Coronary Treatment]]
|-
| [[ISAR-REACT 3]]
| [[Bivalirudin Versus Unfractionated Heparin During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]]
|-
| [[ISAR-SHOCK]]
| [[Impella Lp2.5 Vs. Iabp In Cardiogenic Shock]]
|-
| [[ISAR-STEREO]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Angiographic Results: Strut Thickness Effect On Restenosis Outcomes (Isar-Stereo) Trial]]
|-
| [[ISAR-STEREO]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Angiographic Results - Strut Thickness Effect On Restenosis Outcome]]
|-
| [[ISAR-STEREO - 2]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Angiographic Results - Strut Thicness Effect On Restenosis Outcome Trial - 2]]
|-
| [[ISAR-SWEET]]
| [[Is Abciximab A Superior Way To Eliminate Elevated Thrombotic Risk In Diabetics]]
|-
| [[ISAR-TEST]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of The Yukon Nonpolymer-Based Rapamycin-Coated Stent And The Polymer-Based Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[ISAR-TEST-2]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Angiographic Results–Test Efficacy Of 3 Limus-Eluting Stents]]
|-
| [[ISAR-TEST-3]]
| [[Intracoronary Stenting And Angiographic Restenosis Investigators – Test Efficacy Of Rapamycin-Eluting Stents With Different Polymer Coating Strategies]]
|-
| [[ISAT]]
| [[International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial]]
|-
| [[ISIS-1]]
| [[First International Study Of Infarct Survival]]
|-
| [[ISIS-2]]
| [[International Study Of Infarct Survival-2]]
|-
| [[ISIS-3]]
| [[ International Study Of Infarct Survival-3]]
|-
| [[ISIS-4]]
| [[Fourth International Study Of Infarct Survival]]
|-
| [[IST]]
| [[The International Stroke Trial]]
|-
| [[ISTICH]]
| [[International Surgical Trial In Intracerebral Hemorrhage]]
|-
| [[ITALICS]]
| [[Investigation By The Thoraxcenter On Antisense Dna Using Local Delivery And Ivus After Coronary Stenting]]
|-
| [[ITT]]
| [[Intraventricular Thrombolysis Trial]]
|-
| [[IVAT]]
| [[Intermediate Sized Vessel Atherectomy Trial]]
|-
| [[JAMIS]]
| [[Effects Of Aspirin And Trapidil On Cardiovascular Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[JELIS]]
| [[Japan Epa Lipid Intervention Study]]
|-
| [[JPAD]]
| [[Japanese Primary Prevention Of Atherosclerosis With Aspirin For Diabetes]]
|-
| [[JSAP]]
| [[Japanese Stable Angina Pectoris Study]]
|-
| [[JUMBO-TIMI 26]]
| [[Joint Utilisation Of Medications To Block Platelets Optimally]]
|-
| [[JUPITER]]
| [[Justification For The Use Of Statins In Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin]]
|-
| [[J-WIND]]
| [[Japan Working Groups Of Acute Myocardial Infarction For The Reduction Of Necrotic Damage By Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Or Nicorandil]]
|-
| [[KAT II]]
| [[Kuopio Angiogenesis Trial]]
|-
| [[LACI]]
| [[Laser Angioplasty For Critical Ischemia ]]
|-
| [[LADIP]]
| [[Loire-Ardèche-Drôme-Isère-Puy-De-Dôme]]
|-
| [[LAMP]]
| [[Locally Advanced Multimodality Protoco]]
|-
| [[LARS]]
| [[Laser Angioplasty In Restenosed Stents]]
|-
| [[LATE]]
| [[Late Assessment Of Thrombolytic Efficacy Study]]
|-
| [[LAVA]]
| [[Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Comparison Of Laser-Facilitated Balloon Angioplasty Versus Stand-Alone Balloon Angioplasty In Patients With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[L-CAD]]
| [[Lipid-Coronary Artery Disease (Pravastatin)]]
|-
| [[LCAS]]
| [[The Lipoprotein And Coronary Atherosclerosis Study (Lcas): Lipid And Metabolic Factors Related To Atheroma And Clinical Events]]
|-
| [[LEADER]]
| [[ Lower Extremity Arterial Disease Event Reduction Trial]]
|-
| [[LEADERS]]
| [[Limus Eluted From A Durable Vs Erodable Stent Coating]]
|-
| [[LHT]]
| [[Lifestyle Heart Trial]]
|-
| [[LIDO]]
| [[Levosimendan Infusion Versus Dobutamine]]
|-
| [[LIFE]]
| [[Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction In Hypertension (Life) Study]]
|-
| [[LIMB]]
| [[Limbs International Medical Buflomedil Trial]]
|-
| [[LIMIT AMI]]
| [[Limitation Of Myocardial Infarction Following Thrombolysis In Acute]]
|-
| [[LIMIT-2]]
| [[Second Leicester Magnesium Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[LIPID]]
| [[Long-Term Intervention With Pravastatin In Ischemic Disease Trial]]
|-
| [[LIPS]]
| [[Lescol Intervention Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[LISA]]
| [[Lescol In Severe Atherosclerosis Trial]]
|-
| [[LOCAT]]
| [[Prevention Of The Angiographic Progression Of Coronary And Vein-Graft Atherosclerosis By Gemfibrozil After Coronary Bypass Surgery In Men With Low Levels Of Hdl Cholesterol]]
|-
| [[LONG DES II]]
| [[Randomized Comparison Of The Efficacy Of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent In The Treatment Of Long Native Coronary Lesions]]
|-
| [[LONG-DES]]
| [[Multicenter Prospective Nonrandomized Registry Study For Drug-Eluting Stents In Very Long Coronary Lesions (Cypher Vs Taxus)]]
|-
| [[LRC-CPPT]]
| [[Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial]]
|-
| [[MACH-1]]
| [[Mortality Assessment In Congestive Heart Failure Trial]]
|-
| [[MADIT]]
| [[Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial]]
|-
| [[MADIT-II]]
| [[Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II]]
|-
| [[MAGIC]]
| [[Magnesium In Coronaries]]
|-
| [[MAGIC]]
| [[Myoblast Autologous Grafting In Ischemic Cardiomyopathy]]
|-
| [[MAGIC – Presented at AHA 2006]]
| [[Myoblast Autologous Grafting In Ischemic Cardiomyopathy]]
|-
| [[Male Health]]
| [[ Male Health Professionals Study]]
|-
| [[MAPPET-3]]
| [[ Management Strategies And Prognosis Of Pulmonary Embolism-3 Trial]]
|-
| [[MARS]]
| [[The Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study]]
|-
| [[MASCOT]]
| [[Management Of Atrial Fibrillation Suppression In Af-Hf Comorbidity Therapy]]
|-
| [[MASS]]
| [[The Medicine, Angioplasty Or Surgery Study]]
|-
| [[MASS]]
| [[The Multicenter Aneurysm Screening Study (Mass) Into The Effect Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening On Mortality In Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial]]
|-
| [[MASS-II]]
| [[Second Medicine, Angioplasty, Or Surgery Study]]
|-
| [[MAST-E]]
| [[Thrombolytic Therapy With Streptokinase In Acute Ischemic Stroke]]
|-
| [[MASTER]]
| [[Microvolt T Wave Alternans Testing For Risk Stratification Of Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients]]
|-
| [[MATCH]]
| [[Management Of Atherothrombosis With Clopidogrel In High-Risk Patients]]
|-
| [[MATE]]
| [[Medicine Versus Angiography In Thrombolytic Exclusion Trial]]
|-
| [[MATH]]
| [[Endocrine And Renal Effects Of Nifedipine Gastrointestinal Theraputic System In Patients With Essential Hypertension: Results Of A Multicenter Trial]]
|-
| [[Matisse]]
| [[Subcutaneous Fondaparinux Versus Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin In The Initial Treatment Of Pulmonary Embolism]]
|-
| [[MATTIS]]
| [[Randomized Evaluation Of Anticoagulation Versus Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Stent Implantation In High-Risk Patients: The Multicenter Aspirin And Ticlopidine Trial After Intracoronary Stenting]]
|-
| [[MAVErIC II]]
| [[30-Day Results From A Prospective Registry Of Carotid Stenting With The Exponent Stent And Distal Protection With The Guardwire In High Risk Patients]]
|-
| [[MaVS]]
| [[Metoprolol After Vascular Surgery]]
|-
| [[MDC]]
| [[Metoprolol In Dilated Cardiomyopathy Trial]]
|-
| [[MDPIT]]
| [[The Multicenter Diltiazem Post Infarction Trial]]
|-
| [[MDRD]]
| [[Modification Of Diet In Renal Disease Study]]
|-
| [[MEDAL Program]]
| [[Multinational Etoricoxib And Diclofenac Arthritis Long-Term Study Program]]
|-
| [[MEDENOX]]
| [[Prophylaxis In Medical Patients With Enoxaparin]]
|-
| [[MEGA]]
| [[Management Of Elevated Cholesterol In The Primary Prevention Group Of Adult Japanese]]
|-
| [[MEND-CABG II]]
| [[Mc-1 To Eliminate Necrosis And Damage In Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery II — Presented At Scai-Acc I2 Summit/Acc 2008]]
|-
| [[MERIT-HF]]
| [[Metoprolol Cr/Xl Randomized Intervention Trial In Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[MERLIN]]
| [[Middlesbrough Early Revascularization To Limit Infarction]]
|-
| [[MERLIN-TIMI 36]]
| [[Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine For Less Ischemia In Nste-Acs]]
|-
| [[METAFER]]
| [[Use Of Metoprolol To Maintain Sinus Rhythm After Conversion From Persistent Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[METEOR]]
| [[Measuring Effects On Intima-Media Thickness: An Evaluation Of Rosuvastatin]]
|-
| [[MEXIS]]
| [[The Effects Of B-Receptor Antagonists In Patients With Clinical Evidence Of Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction: Double Blind Comparison Of Meto]]
|-
| [[M-HART]]
| [[Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment Trial]]
|-
| [[MHFT]]
| [[Munich Mild Heart Failure Trial]]
|-
| [[MIAMI]]
| [[Metoprolol In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[MICRO-HOPE]]
| [[Microalbuminuria, Cardiovascular, And Renal Outcomes - Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation]]
|-
| [[MILIS]]
| [[Multiple Center Investigation Of The Limit Of Infarction]]
|-
| [[MINT]]
| [[A Multicenter, Randomized Study Of Argatroban Versus Heparin As Adjunct To Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Tpa) In Acute Myocardial Infarction: Myocardial Infarction With Novastan And Tpa (Mint) Study]]
|-
| [[MIRACL]]
| [[Effects Of Atorvastatin On Early Recurrent Ischemic Events In Acute Coronary Syndromes. The Miracl Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial]]
|-
| [[MIRACLE ICD]]
| [[Multicenter Insync Implantable Cardioversion Defibrillation Randomized Clinical Evaluation]]
|-
| [[MIST]]
| [[Migraine Intervention With Starflex Technology]]
|-
| [[MITI I]]
| [[Myocardial Infarction Triage And Intervention Project--Phase I]]
|-
| [[MITI II]]
| [[Myocardial Infarction Triage And Intervention Project--Phase I]]
|-
| [[MITRA]]
| [[Maximal Individual Therapy In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[MOMENTUM]]
| [[Multicenter Trial Of The Orqis Medical Cancion System For The Enhanced Treatment Of Heart Failure Unresponsive To Medical Therapy]]
|-
| [[MONICA]]
| [[Monitoring Trends And Determinants In Cardiovascular Disease]]
|-
| [[MOST]]
| [[Mode Selection Trial (Most) In Sinus Node Dysfunction]]
|-
| [[MOXCON]]
| [[Excess Mortality In Chf Patients Treated With Sr Moxonidine Leads To Study Termination: Results Of The Sr Moxonidine For Congestive Heart Failure Trial]]
|-
| [[M-PATHY]]
| [[Multicenter Pacing Therapy]]
|-
| [[MPIP]]
| [[Multicenter Post-Infarction Program]]
|-
| [[MR PCI]]
| [[Multicenter Registry Of High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention And Adequate Platelet Inhibition]]
|-
| [[MRFIT]]
| [[Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[MUSIC]]
| [[Multicenter Ultrasound Guided Stent Implantation In The Coronaries]]
|-
| [[MUST-EECP]]
| [[Multicenter Enhanced External Counterpulsation]]
|-
| [[MUSTIC]]
| [[Multisite Stimulation In Cardiomyopathies Study]]
|-
| [[MUSTT]]
| [[Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial]]
|-
| [[MVP]]
| [[Multivitamins And Probucol Study]]
|-
| [[NAMIS]]
| [[Nifedipine Angina Myocardial Infarction Study]]
|-
| [[NAPA]]
| [[Nesiritide Administered Peri-Anesthesia In Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery]]
|-
| [[NAPLES II]]
| [[Novel Approaches For Preventing Or Limiting Events II]]
|-
| [[NASCET]]
| [[North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial]]
|-
| [[NEPHRIC]]
| [[Nephrotoxicity In High-Risk Patients Study Of Isoosmolar And Low-Osmolar Non-Ionic Contrast Media Study]]
|-
| [[NETWORK]]
| [[Clinical Outcome With Enalapril In Symptomatic Chronic Heart Failure: A Dose Comparison]]
|-
| [[NHANES III]]
| [[Third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey]]
|-
| [[NHLBI]]
| [[The National Heart, Lung And Blood Institute Type II Coronary Intervention Study]]
|-
| [[NHLBI Dynamic]]
| [[Nhlbi Dynamic Registry Of Percutaneous Interventions: A Comparison To The 1985-86 Registry]]
|-
| [[NICE]]
| [[Nitrates In Congestive Heart Failure (Nice) Study]]
|-
| [[NICE-SUGAR]]
| [[Normoglycemia In Intensive Care Evaluation–Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation]]
|-
| [[NICOLE]]
| [[Nisoldipine For Coronary Artery Disease In Leuven]]
|-
| [[NICS-EH]]
| [[National Intervention Cooperative Study In Elderly Hypertensives]]
|-
| [[NO-PAIN]]
| [[Nitric Oxide In Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency]]
|-
| [[NORDIL]]
| [[Nordic Diltiazem Study]]
|-
| [[NORVIT]]
| [[Norwegian Vitamin Trial]]
|-
| [[Norwegian Nifedipine]]
| [[Norwegian Nifedipine Multi-Center Trial]]
|-
| [[NRMI-2]]
| [[National Registry Of Myocardial Infarction (Second Phase)]]
|-
| [[NUT-2]]
| [[Efficacy Assessment Of Meloxicam, A Preferential Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, In Acute Coronary Syndromes Without St-Segment Elevation. The Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs In Unstable Angina Treatment-2 (Nut-2) Pilot Study]]
|-
| [[OARS]]
| [[Optimal Atherectomy Restenosis Study]]
|-
| [[OASIS-1]]
| [[Organization To Assess Strategies For Ischemic Syndromes]]
|-
| [[OASIS-2]]
| [[Effects Of Long-Term, Moderate-Intensity Oral Anticoagulation In Addition To Aspirin In Unstable Angina]]
|-
| [[OASIS-6]]
| [[Organization For The Assessment Of Strategies For Ischemic Syndromes 6]]
|-
| [[OASIS-6 – GIK]]
| [[Oasis-6 – Glucose-Insulin-Potassium]]
|-
| [[OAT]]
| [[Occluded Artery Trial]]
|-
| [[OCBAS]]
| [[Optimal Coronary Balloon Angioplasty With Provisional Stenting Vs. Stent Trial]]
|-
| [[OCLA]]
| [[Omeprazole Clopidogrel Aspirin]]
|-
| [[ODESSA]]
| [[Optical Coherence Tomography For Des Safety]]
|-
| [[ODIXa-DVT]]
| [[Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Bay 59-7939 In Patients With Acute Symptomatic Deep-Vein Thrombosis]]
|-
| [[ODIXa-HIP]]
| [[Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor, Bay 59-7939, Given Once Daily In Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement]]
|-
| [[OMEGA]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids On Top Of Modern Therapy After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ONTARGET]]
| [[Ongoing Telmisartan Alone And In Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial]]
|-
| [[ON-TIME]]
| [[Ongoing Tirofiban In Myocardial Infarction Evaluation Trial]]
|-
| [[On-TIME 2]]
| [[Ongoing Tirofiban In Myocardial Infarction Evaluation 2 Trial]]
|-
| [[OPALS]]
| [[Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support]]
|-
| [[OPT-CHF]]
| [[Oxypurinol Compared With Placebo For Class III-Iv Nyha Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[OPTIC]]
| [[Optimal Pharmacological Therapy In Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients Trial]]
|-
| [[OPTIMAAL]]
| [[Effects Of Losartan And Captopril On Mortality And Morbidity In High-Risk Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[OPTIME-CHF]]
| [[Outcomes Of A Prospective Trial Of Intravenous Milrinone For Exacerbations Of Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[OPTIMIZE]]
| [[Effect Of Image Optimization With Contrast On The Diagnostic Accuracy Of Dobutamine Echocardiography In Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[OPUS]]
| [[Optimal Angioplasty Versus Primary Stenting]]
|-
| [[ORAR II]]
| [[Oral Treatment Of Restenosis]]
|-
| [[ORBIT]]
| [[Oral Glycoprotein IIb/IIia Receptor Blockade To Inhibit Thrombosis]]
|-
| [[OSIRIS]]
| [[Oral Sirolimus To Inhibit Recurrent In-Stent Stenosis]]
|-
| [[OVERTURE]]
| [[Omapatrilat Versus Enalapril Randomized Trial Of Utility In Reducing Events]]
|-
| [[PABA CHF]]
| [[Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation Vs. Av Node Ablation With Biventricular Pacing For Treatment Of Atrial Fibrillation In Patients With Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PACCOCATH ISR]]
| [[Treatment Of In-Stent Restenosis By Paclitaxel Coated Ptca Balloons]]
|-
| [[PACE]]
| [[Prevention By Low Dose Aspirin Of Cardiovascular Disease In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[PACIFIC]]
| [[Percutaneous Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization For Severe Angina: The Pacific Randomized Trial]]
|-
| [[PACT]]
| [[Plasminogen Activator-Angioplasty Compatibility Trial]]
|-
| [[PACT (Pravastatin)]]
| [[Pravastatin In Acute Coronary Treatment]]
|-
| [[PAD]]
| [[Public Access Defibrillation Trial]]
|-
| [[PAMI]]
| [[The Primary Angioplasty In Myocardial Infarction Study]]
|-
| [[PAMI-stent]]
| [[The Primary Angioplasty In Myocardial Infarction Study]]
|-
| [[PAPABEAR]]
| [[Prophylactic Amiodarone For The Prevention Of Arrhythmias That Begin Early After Revascularization, Valvular Repair Or Replacement]]
|-
| [[PARAGON]]
| [[Delaying And Preventing Ischemic Events In Patient With Acute Coronary Syndromes Using The Platelet Gp IIb/IIia Inhibitor Lamifiban]]
|-
| [[PARAGON B]]
| [[Platelet IIb/IIia Antagonist For The Reduction Of Acute Coronary Syndrome Events In A Global Organization Network]]
|-
| [[PARIS]]
| [[Effect Of Ace Inhibitors On Angiographic Restenosis After Coronary Stenting (Paris): A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial]]
|-
| [[PASE]]
| [[Pacemaker Selection In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[PASE(QOL)]]
| [[Quality Of Life And Clinical Outcomes In Elderly Patients Treated With Ventricular Pacing As Compared With Dual-Chamber Pacing]]
|-
| [[PASSION]]
| [[Paclitaxel Eluting Stent Versus Conventional Stent In St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[PATAF]]
| [[Primary Prevention Of Arterial Thromboembolism In Non-Rheumatic Atrial Fibrillation In Primary Care: Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Two Intensities Of Coumarin With Aspirin]]
|-
| [[PATCH]]
| [[Program To Assess Alternative Treatment Strategies To Achieve Cardiac Health]]
|-
| [[PATH-CHF]]
| [[The Pacing Therapies For Congestive Heart Failure (Path-Chf) Study]]
|-
| [[PAVE]]
| [[Biventricular Pacing After Ablate Compared With Right Ventricular Therapy]]
|-
| [[PCI CLARITY]]
| [[Clopidogrel As Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Subgroup Study]]
|-
| [[PCI-CURE]]
| [[Effects Of Pretreatment With Clopidogrel And Aspirin Followed By Long-Term Therapy In Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Pci-Cure Study]]
|-
| [[PCI-ExTRACT-TIMI 25]]
| [[Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Among Patients Treated With Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin Following Fibrinolytic Administration For St-Elevation Mi]]
|-
| [[PC-Trial]]
| [[Physical Counterpressure Manoeuvre Trial]]
|-
| [[PEACE]]
| [[Platelet Activity Extinction In Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction With Aspirin, Clopidogrel, And Eptifibatide]]
|-
| [[PEACE]]
| [[Prevention Of Events With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Trial]]
|-
| [[PEECH]]
| [[Prospective Evaluation Of Enhanced External Counterpulsation In Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PENTUA]]
| [[Pentasaccharide In Unstable Angina]]
|-
| [[PEP]]
| [[Pulmonary Embolism Prevention Trial]]
|-
| [[PEPAF]]
| [[Experimental Program For Physical Activity Promotion]]
|-
| [[PEP-CHF]]
| [[Perindopril For Elderly People With Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PEPI]]
| [[Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions]]
|-
| [[PERISCOPE]]
| [[Pioglitazone Effect On Regression Of Intravascular Sonographic Coronary Obstruction Prospective Evaluation]]
|-
| [[PERM]]
| [[Prospective Evaluation Of Reperfusion Markers]]
|-
| [[PERSUADE]]
| [[Perindopril Substudy In Coronary Artery Disease And Diabetes: The Diabetic Substudy Of Europa]]
|-
| [[Perth]]
| [[Perth Community Stroke Study]]
|-
| [[PERTINENT]]
| [[Perindopril, Thrombosis, Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, And Neurohormonal Activation Trial, A Subanalysis Of Europa]]
|-
| [[PHS II]]
| [[Physicians' Health Study II]]
|-
| [[PIAF]]
| [[Rhythm Or Rate Control In Atrial Fibrillation-Pharmacological Intervention In Atrial Fibrillation (Piaf): A Randomised Trial]]
|-
| [[PICTURE]]
| [[Post-Intracoronary Treatment Ultrasound Result Evaluation]]
|-
| [[PIHRATE]]
| [[Polish-Italian-Hungarian Randomized Thrombectomy Trial]]
|-
| [[PIONEER]]
| [[Proactive, Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial In Macrovascular Events]]
|-
| [[PIOPED]]
| [[Prospective Investigation Of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis Study]]
|-
| [[PLAC-II]]
| [[Pravastatin, Lipids, And Atherosclerosis In The Carotid Arteries II]]
|-
| [[PLASMA]]
| [[Phospholipase Levels And Serological Markers Of Atherosclerosis]]
|-
| [[POISE]]
| [[Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation]]
|-
| [[POSCH]]
| [[Program On The Surgical Control Of The Hyperlipidemias]]
|-
| [[POST]]
| [[Prevention Of Syncope Trial]]
|-
| [[Post CABG]]
| [[Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial]]
|-
| [[POZNAN]]
| [[Percutaneous Transvenous Transplantation Of Autologous Myoblasts In The Treatment Of Postinfarction Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PPAR Study]]
| [[Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Study]]
|-
| [[PPP]]
| [[Primary Prevention Project]]
|-
| [[PQRST]]
| [[Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial]]
|-
| [[PRACTICAL]]
| [[Comparison Of Enalapril Versus Captopril On Left Ventricular Function And Survival Three Months After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[PRAGUE]]
| [[Primary Angioplasty In Patients Transferred From General Community Hospitals To Specialized Ptca Units With Or Without Emergency Thrombolysis]]
|-
| [[PRAGUE-8]]
| [[Primary Angioplasty In Patients Transferred From General Community Hospitals To Specialized Ptca Units With Or Without Emergency Thrombolysis-8]]
|-
| [[PRAISE]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Amlopidine Survival Evaluation]]
|-
| [[PRAISE-1]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation-1]]
|-
| [[PRAISE-2]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation-2]]
|-
| [[PREAMI]]
| [[Perindopril Remodeling In Elderly With Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[PRECISE]]
| [[Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Of The Effects Of Carvedilol In Patients With Moderate To Severe Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PREDICT]]
| [[Effect Of Pravastatin On Angiographic Restenosis After Coronary Balloon Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[PREMIAR]]
| [[Protection From Distal Embolization In High-Risk Patients With Acute St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[PREMIER]]
| [[Effects Of Pg-116800, A Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor, To Prevent Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[PREPAIR]]
| [[Clopidogrel 600-Mg Double Loading Dose Achieves Stronger Platelet Inhibition Than Conventional Regimens]]
|-
| [[PREPARE — Presented at TCT 2008]]
| [[Proximal Embolic Protection In Acute Mi And Resolution Of St-Elevation]]
|-
| [[PREPIC]]
| [[A Clinical Trial Of Vena Caval Filters In The Prevention Of Pulmonary Embolism In Patients With Proximal Deep-Vein Thrombosis]]
|-
| [[Pre-RELAX-AHF]]
| [[Preliminary Study Of Relaxin In Acute Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PRESENT]]
| [[Preliminary Safety Evaluation Of Nanoporous Tacrolimus Eluting Stents]]
|-
| [[PRESERVE]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Trial Of Enalapril To Reverse Ventricular Enlargement]]
|-
| [[PRESTO]]
| [[Results Of Prevention Of Restenosis With Tranilast And Its Outcomes (Presto) Trial.]]
|-
| [[PREVEND IT]]
| [[Prevention Of Renal And Vascular End-Stage Disease Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[PREVENT]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Evaluation Of The Vascular Effects Of Norvasc Trial]]
|-
| [[PREVENT (Dalteparin)]]
| [[Prospective Evaluation Of Dalteparin Efficacy For Prevention Of Vte In Immobilized Patients Trial]]
|-
| [[PREVENT (Warfarin)]]
| [[Prevention Of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism]]
|-
| [[PREVENT II]]
| [[The Program In Ex Vivo Vein Graft Engineering Via Transfection II Study: E2F Decoy In Cabg]]
|-
| [[PREVENT IV]]
| [[Project Of Ex-Vivo Vein Graft Engineering Via Transfection]]
|-
| [[PREVENT(Radiation)]]
| [[Proliferation Reduction With Vascular Energy Trial]]
|-
| [[PRIDE]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Of Distal Protection With The Kensey-Nash Triactiv System Compared To The Guardwire Or Filterwire]]
|-
| [[PRIMA — Presented at ACC.09/i2]]
| [[Can Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Guided Therapy Of Heart Failure Improve Heart Failure Morbidity And Mortality?]]
|-
| [[PRIME-2]]
| [[Second Prospective Randomized Study Of Ibopamine On Mortality And Efficacy In Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PRIMI]]
| [[Pro-Urokinase For Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[PRIMO-CABG]]
| [[Pexelizumab For The Reduction Of Infarction And Mortality In Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Study]]
|-
| [[PRIMO-CABG II]]
| [[Pexelizumab For The Reduction Of Infarction And Mortality In Coronary Artery Bypass Graft II]]
|-
| [[PRINCE]]
| [[Effect Of Statin Therapy On C-Reactive Protein Levels: The Pravastatin Inflammation/Crp Evaluation (Prince): A Randomized Trial And Cohort Study]]
|-
| [[PRINCESS]]
| [[Prevention Of Ischaemic Events By Early Treatment Of Cerivastatin After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[PRINCIPLE-TIMI 44]]
| [[The Prasugrel In Comparison To Clopidogrel For Inhibition Of Platelet Activation And Aggregation–Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 44 Trial]]
|-
| [[PRISM]]
| [[Platelet-Receptor Inhibition For Ischemic Syndrome Management]]
|-
| [[PRISM-PLUS]]
| [[Platelet-Receptor Inhibition For Ischemic Syndrome Management In Patients Limited By Unstable Signs And Symptoms]]
|-
| [[PRISM-Troponin]]
| [[Troponin Levels Identify Cad Patients Likely To Benefit From Tirofiban: Results From The Prism-Troponin Study, A Substudy Of The Platelet Receptor Inhibition In Ischemic Syndrome Management Study]]
|-
| [[PRISON II]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Trial Of Sirolimus-Eluting And Bare Metal Stents In Patients With Chronic Total Occlusions]]
|-
| [[PROactive]]
| [[Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial In Macrovascular Events]]
|-
| [[PROCAM]]
| [[Simple Scoring Scheme For Calculating The Risk Of Acute Coronary Events Based On The 10-Year Follow-Up Of The Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (Procam) Study]]
|-
| [[PRoFESS]]
| [[Prevention Regimen For Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes]]
|-
| [[PROFILE]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Flosequinan Longevity Evaluation]]
|-
| [[PROGRESS]]
| [[Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study]]
|-
| [[PROGRESS-1]]
| [[Coronary Stenting With Absorbable Metal Stents]]
|-
| [[PROMISE]]
| [[Protection Devices In Pci-Treatment Of Myocardial Infarction For Salvage Of Endangered Myocardium Study]]
|-
| [[PROMISE]]
| [[The Effects Of Oral Milrinone On Mortality In Severe Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[PROSPER]]
| [[Prospective Study Of Pravastatin In The Elderly At Risk]]
|-
| [[PROTECT - TIMI 30]]
| [[Randomized Trial To Evaluate The Relative Protection Against Post-Pci Microvascular Dysfunction And Post-Pca Ischemia Among Anti-Platelet And Anti-Thrombotic Agents]]
|-
| [[PROTECT AF]]
| [[Randomized Prospective Trial Of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Versus Warfarin For Stroke Prevention In Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[PROTECT-CAD]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Trial Of Direct Endomyocardial Implantation Of Bone Marrow Cells For Therapeutic Angiogenesis In Coronary Artery Diseases]]
|-
| [[PROVE IT/TIMI 22]]
| [[Pravastatin Or Atorvastatin Evaluation And Infection Therapy: Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 22]]
|-
| [[PROVE IT-TIMI 22 (Gatifloxacin)]]
| [[Pravastatin Or Atorvastatin Evaluation And Infection Therapy]]
|-
| [[PROVED]]
| [[Randomized Study Assessing The Effect Of Digoxin Withdrawal In Patients With Mild To Moderate Chronic Congestive Heart Failure: Results Of The Proved]]
|-
| [[PROVIDENCE 1]]
| [[Prospective Evaluation Of Rifalazil Effect On Vascular Symptoms Of Intermittent Claudication And Other Endpoints In Chlamydia Seropositive Patients]]
|-
| [[PROXIMAL]]
| [[Proximal Protection During Saphenous Vein Graft Intervention]]
|-
| [[PURSUIT]]
| [[Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIia In Unstable Angina:Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy]]
|-
| [[QUASAR]]
| [[Quinapril Anti-Ischemia And Symptoms Of Angina Reduction]]
|-
| [[QUIET]]
| [[Quinapril Ischemic Event Trial]]
|-
| [[R3]]
| [[Reopro Readministration Registry]]
|-
| [[RAAMI]]
| [[Randomized Angiographic Trial Of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase) In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[RABBIT II]]
| [[Randomized Angioplasty Beta Blocker Intracoronary Trial II]]
|-
| [[RACE]]
| [[Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion For Persistent Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[RACS]]
| [[Randomized Argentine Clopidogrel Stent Trial]]
|-
| [[RACTS]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized Multicenter Trial Of Cilostozal Vs Ticlopidine In Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation]]
|-
| [[RADIANCE]]
| [[Withdrawal Of Digoxin From Patients With Chronic Heart Failure Treated With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors]]
|-
| [[RADIANCE 1]]
| [[Rating Atherosclerotic Disease Change By Imaging With A New Cetp Inhibitor]]
|-
| [[RADIANCE 2]]
| [[Rating Atherosclerotic Disease Change By Imaging With A New Cetp Inhibitor - 2]]
|-
| [[RALES]]
| [[Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study]]
|-
| [[RaMI]]
| [[Prehospital Thrombolysis In Rural Emergency Room And Subsequent Transport To A Coronary Care Unit: Ravenna Myocardial Infarction (Rami) Trial]]
|-
| [[RAPID-1]]
| [[Recombinant Plasminogen Activator Angiographic Phase II International Dose-Finding Study]]
|-
| [[RAPID-2]]
| [[Reteplase Vs Alteplase Patency Investigation During Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[RAPPORT]]
| [[Reopro And Primary Ptca Organization And Randomized Trial]]
|-
| [[RAPS]]
| [[Radial Artery Patency Study]]
|-
| [[RAPT]]
| [[Ridogrel Versus Aspirin Patency Trial]]
|-
| [[RAVE]]
| [[Regional Angiogenesis With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor In Peripheral Arterial Disease]]
|-
| [[RAVEL]]
| [[A Randomized Comparison Of A Sirolimus-Eluting Stent With A Standard Stent For Coronary Revascularization]]
|-
| [[REACH]]
| [[Reinforcing Education About Cholesterol]]
|-
| [[REACH Registry]]
| [[Reduction Of Atherothrombosis For Continued Health Registry]]
|-
| [[REACT]]
| [[Rescue Angioplasty Versus Conservative Therapy Or Repeat Thrombolysis Trial]]
|-
| [[REACT]]
| [[Rapid Early Action For Coronary Treatment]]
|-
| [[REALITY]]
| [[Prospective Randomized Multi-Center Head-To-Head Comparison Of The Sirolimus-Eluting Stent (Cypher) And The Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent (Taxus]]
|-
| [[RECORD]]
| [[Rosiglitazone Evaluated For Cardiovascular Outcomes — An Interim Analysis]]
|-
| [[RECORD1]]
| [[Regulation Of Coagulation In Orthopedic Surgery To Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism 1]]
|-
| [[RECORD2]]
| [[Regulation Of Coagulation In Orthopedic Surgery To Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism 2]]
|-
| [[RECORD3]]
| [[Regulation Of Coagulation In Orthopedic Surgery To Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism 3]]
|-
| [[RECOVER]]
| [[Renal Toxicity Evaluation And Comparison Between Visipaque And Hexabrix In Patients With Renal Insufficiency Undergoing Coronary Angiography]]
|-
| [[RECOVERS]]
| [[Randomized Evaluation Of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Stent In Saphenous Vein Grafts]]
|-
| [[REDHOT]]
| [[Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial]]
|-
| [[RED-LIP]]
| [[Trial Of Pravastatin In Primary Isolated Hypercholesterolemia]]
|-
| [[REDUCE]]
| [[Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Reviparin) In Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[REDUCE III]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized Multicenter Trial Of Cutting Balloon Before Stenting In Patients Undergoing Pci]]
|-
| [[REFLECT]]
| [[Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Of The Efficacy Of Flosequinan In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[REGENT]]
| [[Myocardial Regeneration By Intracoronary Infusion Of Selected Population Of Stem Cells In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[REGICOR]]
| [[Improvement In Survival After Myocardial Infarction Between 1978-85 And 1986-88 In The Regicor Study]]
|-
| [[REGRESS]]
| [[Effects Of Lipid Lowering By Pravastatin On Progression And Regression Of Coronary Artery Disease In Symptomatic Men With Normal To Moderately Elevated Serum Cholesterol Levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (Regress)]]
|-
| [[RELAx-AMI]]
| [[Randomized Early Versus Late Abciximab In Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Coronary Intervention]]
|-
| [[RELOAD]]
| [[Reload With Clopidogrel Before Coronary Angioplasty In Subjects Treated Long Term With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy]]
|-
| [[REMATCH]]
| [[Randomized Evaluation Of Mechanical Assistance For The Treatment Of Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[REMEDIA]]
| [[Randomized Evaluation Of The Effect Of Mechanical Reduction Of Distal Embolization By Thrombus-Aspiration In Primary And Rescue Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[REMEDIAL]]
| [[Renal Insufficiency Following Contrast Media Administration Trial]]
|-
| [[RENAAL]]
| [[Effects Of Losartan On Renal And Cardiovascular Outcomes In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Nephropathy]]
|-
| [[RENEWAL - RECOVER]]
| [[Research Into Etanercept Cytokine Antagonism In Ventricular Dysfunction]]
|-
| [[RENEWAL - RENAISSANCE]]
| [[Randomized Etanercept North American Strategy To Study Antagonism Of Cytokines]]
|-
| [[REPAIR-AMI]]
| [[Reinfusion Of Enriched Progenitor Cells And Infarct Remodeling In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[REPLACE 2]]
| [[Randomized Evaluation Of Pci Linking Angiomax To Reduced Clinical Events]]
|-
| [[RESCUE]]
| [[Randomized Evaluation Of Salvage Angioplasty With Combined Utilization Of Endpoints]]
|-
| [[RESEARCH]]
| [[Rapamycin-Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital Registry]]
|-
| [[RESIST]]
| [[Impact Of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance In Stent Deployment On 6-Month Restenosis Rate: A Multicenter, Randomized Study Comparing Two Strategies--With And Without Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance]]
|-
| [[RESOLVD]]
| [[Randomized Evaluation Of Strategies For Left Ventricular Dysfunction Pilot]]
|-
| [[REST]]
| [[Restenosis Stent Trial]]
|-
| [[Restenosis Stent]]
| [[Coronary-Artery Stenting Compared With Balloon Angioplasty For Restenosis After Initial Balloon Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[RESTORE]]
| [[Randomized Efficacy Study Of Tirofiban For Outcome And Restenosis]]
|-
| [[RethinQ]]
| [[Resynchronization Therapy In Patients With Narrow Qrs]]
|-
| [[REVERSAL]]
| [[Reversing Atherosclerosis With Aggressive Lipid Lowering]]
|-
| [[REVERSE]]
| [[Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling In Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction]]
|-
| [[REVERT]]
| [[Reversal Of Ventricular Remodeling With Toprol-Xl]]
|-
| [[REVIVAL-3]]
| [[The Regeneration Of Vital Myocardium In St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction By Erythropoietin]]
|-
| [[RHYTHM II ICD]]
| [[Resynchronization For The Hemodynamic Treatment For Heart Failure Management II Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator]]
|-
| [[RIO-Europe]]
| [[A Randomized Double-Blind Study Of Weight Reducing Effect And Safety Of Rimonabant In Obese Patients With Or Without Comorbidities]]
|-
| [[RIO-Lipids]]
| [[Rimonabant In Obesity]]
|-
| [[RIO-NA]]
| [[Rimonabant On Weight Reduction And Weight Maintenance: Rio-North America]]
|-
| [[RIS]]
| [[Efficacy Of Multiple Risk Factor Intervention In Treated Hypertensive Men]]
|-
| [[RISC]]
| [[Research On Instability In Coronary Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[RITA]]
| [[Randomized Intervention Treatment Of Angina Trial]]
|-
| [[RITA II]]
| [[The Second Randomized Intervention Treatment Of Angina]]
|-
| [[RITA-3]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of A Conservative Treatment Strategy Versus An Interventional Treatment Strategy In Patients With Unstable Angina]]
|-
| [[RITZ 2]]
| [[Randomized Intravenous Tezosentan For The Treatment Of Acute Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[RITZ-4]]
| [[Randomized Intravenous Tezosentan Study]]
|-
| [[RIVIERA Registry]]
| [[Registry On Intra-Venous Anticoagulation In The Elective And Primary Real World Of Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[ROADMAP]]
| [[Randomized Olmesartan And Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention Trial]]
|-
| [[ROBUST]]
| [[Recanalization Of Chronically Occluded Aorto-Coronary Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafts With Long-Term, Low Dose Direct Infusion Of Urokinase Trial]]
|-
| [[ROMAS]]
| [[Romanian Multicenter Study - Accelerated Streptokinase In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[ROSTER]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of Rotational Atherectomy Versus Balloon Angioplasty For Diffuse In-Stent Restenosis]]
|-
| [[ROXIS]]
| [[Roxithromycin In Non-Q Wave Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[RSVP]]
| [[Radial Artery Versus Saphenous Vein Patency]]
|-
| [[RUSSLAN]]
| [[Safety And Efficacy Of A Novel Calcium Sensitizer, Levosimendan, In Patients With Left Ventricular Failure Due To An Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[RUTH]]
| [[Raloxifene Use For The Heart]]
|-
| [[SADHART]]
| [[Sertraline Treatment Of Major Depression In Patients With Acute Mi Or Unstable Angina]]
|-
| [[SAFE]]
| [[Safety After Fifty Evaluation]]
|-
| [[SAFER]]
| [[The Saphenous Vein Graft Angioplasty Free Of Emboli Randomized Trial]]
|-
| [[SAFE-T]]
| [[Sotalol Amiodarone Atrial Fibrillation Efficacy Trial]]
|-
| [[SAGE]]
| [[Study Assessing Goals In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[SALT]]
| [[Swedish Aspirin Low-Dose Trial]]
|-
| [[SALT 1 and 2]]
| [[Study Of Ascending Levels Of Tolvaptan In Hyponatremia]]
|-
| [[SALTIRE]]
| [[Scottish Aortic Stenosis And Lipid Lowering Trial]]
|-
| [[SANDS]]
| [[Stop Atherosclerosis In Native Diabetics Study]]
|-
| [[SAPAT]]
| [[Double-Blind Trial Of Aspirin In Primary Prevention Of Myocardial Infarction In Patients With Stable Chronic Angina Pectoris]]
|-
| [[SAPPHIRE]]
| [[Stenting And Angioplasty With Protection In Patients At High Risk For Endarterectomy]]
|-
| [[SARECCO]]
| [[Stent Or Angioplasty After Recanalization Of Chronic Coronary Occlusions Trial]]
|-
| [[SAVE]]
| [[Survival And Ventricular Enlargement Trial]]
|-
| [[SAVE PACe]]
| [[Search Av Extension And Managed Ventricular Pacing For Promoting Atrioventricular Conduction]]
|-
| [[SAVED]]
| [[Saphenous Vein De Novo]]
|-
| [[SCANDSTENT]]
| [[Stenting Of Coronary Arteries In Non Stress/Benestent Disease Trial]]
|-
| [[SCAT]]
| [[Long-Term Effects Of Cholesterol Lowering And Angiotension-Converting Enzyme Inhibition On Coronary Atherosclerosis. The Simvastatin/Enalapril Coronary Atherosclerosis Trial (Scat).]]
|-
| [[SCD-HeFT]]
| [[Sudden Cardiac Death In Heart Failure Trial]]
|-
| [[SCOR]]
| [[University Of California, San Francisco, Arteriosclerosis Specialized Center Of Research (Scor) Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[SCORE]]
| [[Study To Compare Restenosis Rate Between Quest And Quadds-Qp2]]
|-
| [[SCRIP]]
| [[Study Of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention By Pharmacists]]
|-
| [[SCRIPPS]]
| [[Scripps Coronary Radiation To Inhibit Proliferation Post Stenting]]
|-
| [[SCRIPPS II]]
| [[Scripps Coronary Radiation To Inhibit Proliferation Post Stenting II]]
|-
| [[SCRIPPS III]]
| [[Scripps Coronary Radiation To Inhibit Proliferation Post Stenting III]]
|-
| [[SCRIPPS IV]]
| [[Scripps Coronary Radiation To Inhibit Proliferation Post Stenting Iv]]
|-
| [[SEARCH]]
| [[Study Of The Effectiveness Of Additional Reductions In Cholesterol And Homocysteine]]
|-
| [[SEAS]]
| [[Simvastatin And Ezetimibe In Aortic Stenosis]]
|-
| [[SECURE]]
| [[Study To Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound Changes In Patients Treated With Ramipril And Vitamin E]]
|-
| [[SEEDS]]
| [[Syncope Evaluation In The Emergency Department Study]]
|-
| [[SEISMIC]]
| [[Safety And Effects Of Implanted (Autologous) Skeletal Myoblasts (Myocell) Using An Injection Catheter]]
|-
| [[SENIOR PAMI]]
| [[Senior Primary Angioplasty In Myocardial Infarction Study]]
|-
| [[SENIORS]]
| [[Study Of Effects Of Nebivolol Intervention On Outcomes And Rehospitalisation In Seniors With Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[SESAIR]]
| [[Randomised Comparison Of Subcutaneous Heparin, Intravenous Heparin, And Aspirin In Unstable Angina]]
|-
| [[SESAMI]]
| [[Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Bare-Metal Stent In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[SES-SMART]]
| [[Sirolimus-Eluting Stent And A Standard Stent In The Prevention Of Restenosis In Small Coronary Arteries]]
|-
| [[SHARP]]
| [[The Subcutaneous Heparin And Angioplasty Restenosis Prevention (Sharp) Trial. Results Of A Multicentre Randomized Trial Investigating The Effects Of High Dose Unfractionated Heparin On Angiographic Restenosis And Clinical Outcome]]
|-
| [[SHEP]]
| [[Systolic Hypertension In Elderly Program]]
|-
| [[SHIELD]]
| [[Shock Inhibition Evaluation With Azimilide]]
|-
| [[SHOCK]]
| [[Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries For Cardiogenic Shock?]]
|-
| [[SIAM]]
| [[Comparison Of Invasive And Conservative Strategies After Treatment With Streptokinase In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[SIAM III]]
| [[Southwest German Interventional Study In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[SICCO]]
| [[Stenting In Chronic Coronary Occlusion]]
|-
| [[SIMPADICO]]
| [[Study Of Immune Modulation Therapy In Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease]]
|-
| [[SIPS]]
| [[Ultrasound-Guided Stratification For Provisional Stenting With Focal Balloon Combination Catheter. Results From The Randomized Strategy For Intracoronary Ultrasound-Guided Ptca And Stenting (Sips) Trial]]
|-
| [[SIRIUS]]
| [[Sirolimus-Eluting Stent In Coronary Lesions]]
|-
| [[SIRIUS-2]]
| [[Safety And Efficacy Of An Intravenous Placebo-Controlled Randomized Infusion Of Ularitide]]
|-
| [[SIRTAX]]
| [[Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Compared With Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent For Coronary Revascularization]]
|-
| [[SISR]]
| [[Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Vs. Brachytherapy In Patients With Bare Metal In-Stent Restenosis]]
|-
| [[SLIP]]
| [[Lipid Profile During Antihypertensive Treatment]]
|-
| [[SMART]]
| [[Surgical Management Of Arterial Revascularization Therapies]]
|-
| [[SMART]]
| [[Sirolimus-Eluting Stents For The Treatment Of Obstructive Superficial Femoral Artery Disease]]
|-
| [[SMARTT]]
| [[A Randomized Trial Of The Effects Of Early Cardiac Serum Marker Availability On Reperfusion Therapy In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. The Serial Markers, Acute Myocardial Infarction And Rapid Treatment Trial (Smartt)]]
|-
| [[SMASH-VT]]
| [[Substrate Mapping And Ablation In Sinus Rhythm To Halt Ventricular Tachycardia]]
|-
| [[SMILE]]
| [[The Effects Of The Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor Zofenopril On Mortality And Morbidity After Anterior Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[SMT]]
| [[Stockholm Metoprolol Trial]]
|-
| [[SOFA]]
| [[Study On Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Ventricular Arrhythmia]]
|-
| [[SOLVD-Treatment]]
| [[The Effects Of Enalapril On Survival In Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions And Congestive Heart Failure (Treatment Trial)]]
|-
| [[SORT OUT II]]
| [[Comparison Of Paclitaxel- And Sirolimus-Eluting Stents In Everyday Clinical Practice]]
|-
| [[SoS]]
| [[Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Vs. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Stent Implantation In Patients With Multivessel Coronary Disease (The Stent Or Surgery Trial)]]
|-
| [[SPACE]]
| [[Secondary Prevention With Antioxidants Of Cardiovascular Disease In End-Stage Renal Disease (Space): Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial]]
|-
| [[SPAF]]
| [[Stroke Prevention In Atrial Fibrillation Study]]
|-
| [[SPAN CHF]]
| [[Specialized Primary And Networked Care In Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[SPARCL]]
| [[Stroke Prevention By Aggressive Reduction In Cholesterol Levels]]
|-
| [[SPIC]]
| [[Long-Term Survival Effect Of Metoprolol In Dilated Cardiomyopathy]]
|-
| [[SPICE]]
| [[Study Of Patients Intolerant Of Converting Enzyme Inhibitors]]
|-
| [[SPICE – Presented at ACC 2007]]
| [[Survival And Prognosis: Investigation Of Crataegus Extract Ws 1442 In Chf]]
|-
| [[SPINAF]]
| [[Stroke Prevention In Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[SPIRIT]]
| [[A Randomized Trial Of Anticoagulants Versus Aspirin After Cerebral Ischemia Of Presumed Arterial Origin]]
|-
| [[SPORTIF II]]
| [[Stroke Prevention Using The Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Ximelagatran In Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[SPORTIF III]]
| [[Stroke Prevention Using The Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Ximelagatran In Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[SPORTIF V]]
| [[Stroke Prevention Using The Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Ximelagatran In Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[SPRINT]]
| [[Secondary Prevention Reinfarction Israeli Nifedipine Trial]]
|-
| [[SSSD]]
| [[Spanish Study On Sudden Death]]
|-
| [[STAF]]
| [[Strategies Of Treatment Of Atrial Fibrillation]]
|-
| [[STAI]]
| [[Antiplatelet Treatment With Ticlopidine In Unstable Angina (Studio Della Ticlopidine Nell'Angina Instabile)]]
|-
| [[STAMI]]
| [[Ticlopidine Versus Aspirin After Myocardial Infarction (Stami) Trial]]
|-
| [[STAMINA]]
| [[Effect Of Treatment For Chlamydia Pneumoniae And Helicobacter Pylori On Markers Of Inflammation And Cardiac Events In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[STAMINA]]
| [[South Thames Trial Of Antibiotics In Myocardial Infarction And Unstable Angina Pectoris]]
|-
| [[STAR]]
| [[A Randomized Trial Of Recombinant Staphylokinase Versus Altepase For Coronary Artery Patency In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[STARC]]
| [[Angioplasty/Atherectomy/Laser Therapy: Trapidil (Triazolopyrimidine), A Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Antagonist, Reduces Restenosis After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty: Results Of The Randomized, Double-Blind Starc Study]]
|-
| [[STARS-Antithrombotic]]
| [[Stent Antithrombotic Regimen Study]]
|-
| [[STARS-Atherosclerosis]]
| [[St. Thomas Atherosclerosis Regression Study]]
|-
| [[START]]
| [[Sr90 Treatment Of Angiographic Restenosis]]
|-
| [[STAT]]
| [[Stenting Vs. Thrombolysis In Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (Stat)]]
|-
| [[STEEPLE]]
| [[Safety And Efficacy Of Enoxaparin In Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients: An International Randomized Evaluation]]
|-
| [[STEMMI]]
| [[Stem Cells In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[STENT PAMI]]
| [[Stent Primary Angioplasty In Mi]]
|-
| [[STENTIM-2]]
| [[Immediate Coronary Angioplasty With Elective Wiktor Stent Implantation Compared With Conventional Balloon Angioplasty In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[STEP]]
| [[Study Of The Therapeutic Effects Of Intercessory Prayer]]
|-
| [[STICH]]
| [[Surgical Treatments For Ischemic Heart Failure Hypothesis 2]]
|-
| [[STIMS]]
| [[Prevention Of Myocardial Infarction And Stroke In Patients With Intermittent Claudication]]
|-
| [[STING]]
| [[Stents In Grafts]]
|-
| [[STONE]]
| [[Shanghai Trial Of Nifedipine In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[STOP-AMI 1]]
| [[Stent Versus Thrombolysis For Occluded Coronary Arteries In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction 1]]
|-
| [[STOP-HTN]]
| [[Swedish Trial In Old Patients With Hypertension]]
|-
| [[STOP-NIDDM]]
| [[Study To Prevent Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Trial]]
|-
| [[STRATAS]]
| [[Study To Determine Rotablator And Transluminal Angioplasty Strategy]]
|-
| [[STRATEGY]]
| [[Single High-Dose Bolus Tirofiban And Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Vs. Abciximab And Bare-Metal Stent In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[STRATUS-US]]
| [[Smoking Cessation In Smokers Motivated To Quit]]
|-
| [[STRESS I]]
| [[Stent Restenosis Study I]]
|-
| [[SURVIVE]]
| [[Survival Of Patients With Acute Heart Failure In Need Of Intravenous Inotropic Support]]
|-
| [[SUTAMI]]
| [[Double-Blind Multicenter Comparison Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Saruplase And Urokinase In The Treatment Of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Report Of The Sutami Study Group]]
|-
| [[SWEDES]]
| [[Swedish Early Decision Trial]]
|-
| [[SWIFT]]
| [[Should We Intervene Following Thrombolysis?]]
|-
| [[SWISH]]
| [[Swedish Isradipine Study In Hypertension]]
|-
| [[SWISSI II]]
| [[Swiss Interventional Study On Silent Ischemia Type II]]
|-
| [[SWITCH]]
| [[Switching From Lovenox To Angiomax In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Without St Elevation Undergoing Pci]]
|-
| [[SWORD]]
| [[Survival With Oral D-Sotalol Trial]]
|-
| [[SYMBIOT III]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized Trial Of A Self-Expanding Ptfe Stent Graft During Svg Intervention - Late Results]]
|-
| [[SYMPHONY I]]
| [[Sibrafiban Versus Aspirin To Yield Maximum Protection From Ischemic Heart Events Post-Acute Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[SYMPHONY II]]
| [[Randomized Trial Of Aspirin, Sibrafiban, Or Both For Secondary Prevention After Acute Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[SYNERGY]]
| [[Superior Yield Of The New Strategy Of Enoxaparin, Revascularization, And Glycoprotein IIb/IIia Inhibitors]]
|-
| [[SYNERGY-PCI]]
| [[A Prospective, Randomized Trial Of Enoxaparin And Unfractionated Heparin In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes - Results In Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]]
|-
| [[SYNTAX]]
| [[Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus And Cardiac Surgery]]
|-
| [[Syst-China]]
| [[Systolic Hypertension In China Trial]]
|-
| [[Syst-Eur]]
| [[For The Syst-Eur Investigators. The Prevention Of Dementia With Antihypertensive Treatment. New Evidence From The Systolic Hypertension In Europe (Syst-Eur) Study]]
|-
| [[TACT]]
| [[Therapeutic Angiogenesis For Patients With Limb Ischaemia By Autologous Transplantation Of Bone-Marrow Cells:A Pilot Study And A Randomized Controlled Trial.]]
|-
| [[TACTICS-TIMI 18]]
| [[Treat Angina With Aggrastat And Determine Cost Of Therapy With An Invasive Or Conservative Strategy]]
|-
| [[TAIM]]
| [[Trial Of Antihypertensive Interventions And Management]]
|-
| [[TAIST]]
| [[Tinzaparin In Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial]]
|-
| [[TALISMAN]]
| [[Therapeutic Angiogenesis With Intramuscular Nv1Fgf In Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia]]
|-
| [[TAMI-5]]
| [[Thrombolysis And Angioplasty In Myocardial Infarction - Phase V]]
|-
| [[TAPAS]]
| [[Thrombus Aspiration During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TAPS]]
| [[The Rt-Pa-Apsac Patency Study]]
|-
| [[TARGET]]
| [[Comparison Of Two Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIia Inhibitors, Tirofiban And Abciximab, For The Prevention Of Ischemic Events With Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization]]
|-
| [[TAUSA]]
| [[Thrombolysis And Angioplasty In Unstable Angina]]
|-
| [[TAXi]]
| [[Paclitaxel And Sirolimus Stents In The Real World Of Interventional Cardiology]]
|-
| [[TAXUS III]]
| [[In-Stent Restenosis Treated With Stent-Based Delivery Of Paclitaxel Incorporated In A Slow-Release Polymer Formulation]]
|-
| [[TAXUS V ISR]]
| [[Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents Vs. Brachytherapy For In-Stent Restenosis]]
|-
| [[TEAHAT]]
| [[Very Early Thrombolytic Therapy In Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TEAM-2]]
| [[ Multicenter Patency Trial Of Intravenous Antistreplase Compared With Streptokinase In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TEAM-3]]
| [[Third Thrombolysis Trial Of Anistreplase (Eminase) In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TEN-HMS]]
| [[Telemonitoring For Heart Failure: Patient Characteristics And First Results]]
|-
| [[TETAMI]]
| [[Treatment Of Enoxaparin And Tirofiban In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[THESEE]]
| [[A Comparison Of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin With Unfractionated Heparin For Acute Pulmonary Embolism]]
|-
| [[THINRS]]
| [[The Home Inr Study]]
|-
| [[THOP]]
| [[Treatment Of Hypertension Based On Home Or Office Blood Pressure]]
|-
| [[THRIVE]]
| [[Thrombin Inhibitor In Venous Thromboembolism]]
|-
| [[Thrombectomy in STEMI]]
| [[Thrombectomy In St Elevation Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[THUNDER]]
| [[Taxan With Short Time For Contact For Reduction Of Restenosis In Distal Arteries]]
|-
| [[TIBBS]]
| [[Total Ischemic Burden Bisoprolol Study]]
|-
| [[TIBET]]
| [[Total Ischemic Burden European Trial]]
|-
| [[TIGER-PA]]
| [[Tirofiban Given In The Emergency Room Before Primary Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[TIM]]
| [[Triflusal In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TIMACS]]
| [[Timing Of Intervention In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes]]
|-
| [[TIMBER]]
| [[Transthoracic Incremental Monophasic Versus Biphasic Defibrillation By Emergency Responders]]
|-
| [[TIME]]
| [[Trial Of Invasive Versus Medical Therapy In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[TIME-CHF]]
| [[Trial Of Intensified Vs Standard Medical Therapy In Elderly Patients With Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[TIMI 1]]
| [[Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Trial, Phase I]]
|-
| [[TIMI 10B]]
| [[Tnk-Tissue Plasminogen Activator Compared With Front-Loaded Tissue Plasminogen Activator In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TIMI 11B]]
| [[Thrombolysis In Myocardial Ischemia Trial, Phase 11B]]
|-
| [[TIMI 16-OPUS]]
| [[Orbofiban In Patients With Unstable Coronary Syndromes, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TIMIC]]
| [[Efficacy Of Immunosuppressive Therapy In Patients With Virus-Negative Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy]]
|-
| [[TITAN - TIMI 34]]
| [[Time To Integrilin Therapy In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TITAX AMI]]
| [[Titanium Nitride Oxide Coated Stents And Paclitaxel Eluting Stents For Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TMLR]]
| [[Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization In Patients With Refractory Angina: A Randomised]]
|-
| [[TMR]]
| [[Revascularization With Co2 Laser In Patients With Refractory Angina Pectoris: Clinical Results From The Norwegian Randomized Trial]]
|-
| [[TNT]]
| [[Treating To New Targets Study]]
|-
| [[TOAT]]
| [[The Occluded Artery Trial]]
|-
| [[TOHP II]]
| [[Effects Of Weight Loss And Sodium Reduction Intervention On Blood Pressure And Hypertension Incidence In Overweight People With High-Normal Blood Pressure: The Trials Of Hypertension Prevention, Phase II]]
|-
| [[TOMHS]]
| [[Treatment Of Mild Hypertension Study]]
|-
| [[TOMIIS]]
| [[Total Occlusion Post-Myocardial Infarction Intervention Study]]
|-
| [[TONE]]
| [[Sodium Reduction And Weight Loss In The Treatment Of Hypertension In Older Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Nonpharmacologic Interventions In The Elderly]]
|-
| [[TOPAS]]
| [[A Comparison Of Recombinant Urokinase With Vascular Surgery As Initial Treatment For Acute Arterial Occlusion Of The Legs]]
|-
| [[TOSCA]]
| [[Total Occlusion Study Of Canada]]
|-
| [[TOTAL]]
| [[Total Occlusion Trial With Angioplasty By Using Laser Guidewire]]
|-
| [[TPT]]
| [[Thrombosis Prevention Trial]]
|-
| [[TRACE]]
| [[The Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation Trace Study]]
|-
| [[TRAFFIC]]
| [[Therapeutic Angiogenesis With Recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 For Intermittent Claudication (The Traffic Study)]]
|-
| [[TRANSCEND]]
| [[Telmisartan Randomised Assessment Study In Ace Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease]]
|-
| [[TRANSFER-AMI]]
| [[Trial Of Routine Angioplasty And Stenting After Fibrinolysis To Enhance Reperfusion In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TRAPIST]]
| [[Trapidil In Stent]]
|-
| [[TREND]]
| [[Trial On Reversing Endothelial Dysfunction]]
|-
| [[TRENDS]]
| [[Tetra Randomized European Direct Stenting Study]]
|-
| [[TRENT]]
| [[Trial Of Early Nifedipine Treatment In Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[TRIC]]
| [[Thrombolysis With Recombinant Human Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator During Instability In Coronary Artery Disease: Effect On Myocardial Ischemia And Need For Coronary Revascularization]]
|-
| [[TRIP-HF]]
| [[Triple Resynchronization In Paced Heart Failure Patients]]
|-
| [[TRITON-TIMI 38]]
| [[Trial To Assess Improvement In Therapeutic Outcomes By Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel]]
|-
| [[TRIUMPH]]
| [[Tilarginine Acetate Injection In A Randomized International Study In Unstable Mi Patients With Cardiogenic Shock]]
|-
| [[TROICA]]
| [[Thrombolysis In Cardiac Arrest]]
|-
| [[TROPHY]]
| [[Trial Of Preventing Hypertension]]
|-
| [[TWA in CHF]]
| [[T Wave Alternans In Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[TYPHOON]]
| [[Trial To Assess The Use Of The Cypher Stent In Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Angioplasty]]
|-
| [[UKPACE]]
| [[United Kingdom Pacing And Cardiovascular Events]]
|-
| [[UKPDS]]
| [[United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study]]
|-
| [[UK-TIA]]
| [[The United Kingdom Transient Ischemic Attack Aspirin Trial: Final Results]]
|-
| [[UNASEM]]
| [[Thrombolysis In Patients With Unstable Angina Improves The Angiographic But Not The Clinical Outcome]]
|-
| [[UNLOAD]]
| [[Ultrafiltration Versus Intravenous Diuretics For Patients Hospitalized For Acute Decompensated Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[USIM]]
| [[Urochinasi Per Via Sistemica Nell'Infarto Miocardico]]
|-
| [[VA-CABG]]
| [[Veterans Affairs (Va) Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group]]
|-
| [[VADT]]
| [[Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial]]
|-
| [[VA-HIT]]
| [[Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[Val-HeFT]]
| [[Valsartan Heart Failuretrial]]
|-
| [[VALIANT]]
| [[Valsartan In Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators]]
|-
| [[VALIDD]]
| [[Valsartan In Diastolic Dysfunction]]
|-
| [[VALUE]]
| [[Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-Term Use Evaluation]]
|-
| [[VANQWISH]]
| [[Veterans Affairs (Va) Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies In-Hospital]]
|-
| [[VASIS]]
| [[Vasovagal Syncope International Study]]
|-
| [[VASP-02]]
| [[Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein-02]]
|-
| [[VEAPS]]
| [[Vitamin E Atherosclerosis Prevention Study]]
|-
| [[VEGAS I]]
| [[The Vein Graft Angiojet Study I Pilot Trial]]
|-
| [[VEGAS-2]]
| [[Vein Graft Angiojet Study 2]]
|-
| [[VENUS]]
| [[Very Early Nimodipine Use In Stroke]]
|-
| [[VERBS]]
| [[Ventricular Endocardial Right Bifocal Stimulation In The Treatment Of Severe Dilated Cardiomyopathy Heart Failure With Wide Qrs]]
|-
| [[VERDICT]]
| [[Verapamil Versus Digoxin And Acute Versus Routine Serial Cardioversion Trial]]
|-
| [[VERITAS]]
| [[Value Of Endothelin Receptor Inhibition With Tezosentan In Acute Heart Failure Studies]]
|-
| [[VEST]]
| [[Vesnarinone Survival Trial]]
|-
| [[VHAS]]
| [[Clinical Results Of The Verapamil In Hypertension And Atherosclerosis Study]]
|-
| [[VHEFT-I]]
| [[The Effects Of Vasodilator Therapy On Mortality In Chronic Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[VHEFT-II]]
| [[Efficacy And Outcome With Felodipine In Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[VIAMI]]
| [[Viability-Guided Angioplasty After Acute Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[VICTOR]]
| [[Vioxx In Colorectal Cancer Therapy: Definition Of Optimal Regimen]]
|-
| [[VINTAGE-MI]]
| [[Vascular Interaction With Age In Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[VITAL]]
| [[Vasoflux International Trial For Acute Myocardial Infarction Lysis]]
|-
| [[VIVA]]
| [[ Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor In Ischemia For Vascular Angiogenesis]]
|-
| [[VMAC]]
| [[Vasodilation In The Management Of Acute Congestive Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[VPS]]
| [[The North American Vasovagal Pacemaker Study]]
|-
| [[VPS II]]
| [[Vasovagal Pacemaker Study II]]
|-
| [[WAFACS]]
| [[Women's Antioxidant And Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study]]
|-
| [[WARIS-II]]
| [[Warfarin, Aspirin, Or Both After Myocardial Infarction]]
|-
| [[WARSS]]
| [[Warfarin–Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Stud]]
|-
| [[WATCH]]
| [[Warfarin And Antiplatelet Trial In Chronic Heart Failure]]
|-
| [[WAVE]]
| [[Warfarin Antiplatelet Vascular Evaluation]]
|-
| [[WAVE]]
| [[Women's Angiographic Vitamin And Estrogen Trial]]
|-
| [[WELL-HART]]
| [[Women’s Estrogen–Progestin Lipid-Lowering Hormone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial]]
|-
| [[WENBIT]]
| [[Western Norway B-Vitamin Intervention Trial]]
|-
| [[WEST]]
| [[Which Early St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Therapy]]
|-
| [[WHI]]
| [[Women's Health Initiative]]
|-
| [[WINS]]
| [[Women's Initiative For Nonsmoking]]
|-
| [[WISE]]
| [[Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation]]
|-
| [[WITTI Women]]
| [[Secondary Prevention Beyond Walls Intervention Trial In Women]]
|-
| [[WIZARD]]
| [[Weekly Intervention With Zithromax For Atherosclerosis And Its Related Disorders]]
|-
| [[WRIST]]
| [[Washington Radiation For In-Stent Restenosis Trial]]
|-
| [[ZEST-AMI]]
| [[Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent Vs. Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Vs. Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent For Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients]]
|}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Template:Disambig trial acronym

2009-07-06T16:36:43Z

Diberri: disambiguation text for trials that share the same acronym

The acronym '''{{{1}}}''' refers to multiple trials: