wikidoc - User contributions [en]

Spondyloarthropathy

2020-06-01T14:25:03Z

Arash Azhideh:

__NOTOC__
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}[[User:Arash Azhideh|Arash Azhideh]]

== [[Spondyloarthropathy overview|Overview]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy classification|Classification]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy causes|Causes]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathies differential diagnosis|Differentiating Spondyloarthropathies from other Disease]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy screening|Screening]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==

== Diagnosis ==
[[Spondyloarthropathy diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic Study of Choice]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy history and symptoms|History and symptoms]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy x ray|X-Ray]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy CT scan|CT Scan]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy MRI|MRI]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy other diagnostic studies|Other diagnostic Studies]]

== Treatment ==
[[Spondyloarthropathy medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy interventions|Interventions]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy surgery|Surgery]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | Future or Investigational Therapies

==References==

{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Spondyloarthropathy historical perspective

2018-11-16T19:27:32Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Historical perspective */

{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
==Historical perspective==
* The first clinical description of AS is credited to Bernard Conner (1666 – 1698), an Irish physician who did this in his medical thesis. At early 1690s, Bernard Connor discovered fortuitously one specimen of a fused spine and thorax, which is now recognized as the skeleton with incontrovertible AS changes .The previous history has been developed according to Bywaters in to five stages from the ‘fossil’ stage (1693–1824) over the clinical description (1824–1885) to the clinical and pathological correlations (1884 – 1898), radiological ‘penetration’ and ‘insight’ (1897 – 1931), and finally epidemiology and family studies (1936–1950).

* Till 1950s, RA was considered as s nonspecific syndrome that could be triggered off by various diverse etiological factors such as urethritis, psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis.

* As early as 1954, the French rheumatologist Jean Marche for the first time suggested that AS and Reiter’s syndrome are two aspects of the same disease.

* Oates in 1959 also questioned if AS and Reiter’s syndrome may have the same origin.

* Bernard Amor in 1968 further advanced the view of the inter-relationship of this two entities reviewing reports on endemic Reiter’s syndrome with the frequent outcome as AS and a postulated common genetic background.

* Finally, from the study on psoriatic arthritis and other work on seronegative arthritis Moll et al. formulated the pivotal

* Unified concept of a group of seronegative arthritides termed spondarthritides closely interlinked by clinical, serological, radiological, and genetic features. The evidence for lumping together a group of diseases derived from clinical associations, familial aggregation, and epidemiological studies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyloarthropathy|title=spondyloarthropathy|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

== References ==

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-11-16T19:20:38Z

Arash Azhideh: /* References */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
[[Spondyloarthropathy|Spondyloarthropathies]] are forms of [[arthritis]] that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding [[Joint|joints]]. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, [[Shoulder|shoulders]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
The most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* [[Anatomical terms of location|axial]] [[spondylitis]], mostly affect [[vertebra]] column and [[Pelvis|pelvic]] joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''[[Enthesopathy|enthesitis]],''' which is the [[inflammation]] of the point that [[Tendon|tendons]] or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''[[Uveitis]]''' causes pain or redness in one eye
There are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis same as skin rash or [[Inflammatory bowel disease|intestinal inflammatory disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]].

Individuals with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]] or [[Shoulder|shoulders]], or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your [[appetite]].

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit [[Genetics|genetic]] play an obvious role in it, such that is called [[Heredity|hereditary]] disease by some investigators. It has been mentioned that 30 different [[Gene|genes]] are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is [[HLA-B27]]. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

Studies also demonstrated that [[Reactive arthritis]] is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.<ref name=":0" />

== Who is at highest risk? ==
Since, the major [[gene]] that causes this disease is [[HLA-B27]] and almost all white people with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] are carriers of [[HLA-B27]], it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

To sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] condition, such as [[psoriasis]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] ([[Ulcerative colitis]] or [[Crohn's disease]])
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]], [[wrist]], and [[elbow]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of [[pelvis]] joints have been done to evaluate [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac]] joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests [[HLA-B27]] have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:<ref name=":0" />
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAID]] such as
** [[Naproxen sodium|Naproxen]], [[Ibuprofen]], and Meloxicom
* [[Corticosteroid]]
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs]] ([[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|DMARDs]])
* Biologic drugs such as
** [[Infliximab]]
** [[Etanercept]]
** [[Adalimumab]]
** [[Golimumab]]

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* [[osteoporosis]]
* [[uveitis]]
* inflammation of aortic valve
* [[Inflammatory bowel disease|IBDs]] ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* [[Psoriasis]]

== References ==
<references />

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-11-16T19:13:34Z

Arash Azhideh: /* possible complication */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
[[Spondyloarthropathy|Spondyloarthropathies]] are forms of [[arthritis]] that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding [[Joint|joints]]. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, [[Shoulder|shoulders]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
The most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* [[Anatomical terms of location|axial]] [[spondylitis]], mostly affect [[vertebra]] column and [[Pelvis|pelvic]] joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''[[Enthesopathy|enthesitis]],''' which is the [[inflammation]] of the point that [[Tendon|tendons]] or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''[[Uveitis]]''' causes pain or redness in one eye
There are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis same as skin rash or [[Inflammatory bowel disease|intestinal inflammatory disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]].

Individuals with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]] or [[Shoulder|shoulders]], or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your [[appetite]].

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit [[Genetics|genetic]] play an obvious role in it, such that is called [[Heredity|hereditary]] disease by some investigators. It has been mentioned that 30 different [[Gene|genes]] are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is [[HLA-B27]]. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

Studies also demonstrated that [[Reactive arthritis]] is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.<ref name=":0" />

== Who is at highest risk? ==
Since, the major [[gene]] that causes this disease is [[HLA-B27]] and almost all white people with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] are carriers of [[HLA-B27]], it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

To sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] condition, such as [[psoriasis]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] ([[Ulcerative colitis]] or [[Crohn's disease]])
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]], [[wrist]], and [[elbow]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of [[pelvis]] joints have been done to evaluate [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac]] joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests [[HLA-B27]] have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAID]] such as
** [[Naproxen sodium|Naproxen]], [[Ibuprofen]], and Meloxicom
* [[Corticosteroid]]
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs]] ([[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|DMARDs]])
* Biologic drugs such as
** [[Infliximab]]
** [[Etanercept]]
** [[Adalimumab]]
** [[Golimumab]]

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=S. Mpofu, L. S. Teh, P. J. Smith, R. J. Moots and P. N. Hawkins|first=|date=2003|title=Cytostatic therapy for AA amyloidosis complicating psoriatic spondyloarthropathy|url=|journal=Rheumatology|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
* [[osteoporosis]]
* [[uveitis]]
* inflammation of aortic valve
* [[Inflammatory bowel disease|IBDs]] ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* [[Psoriasis]]

== References ==
<references />

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-11-16T19:09:48Z

Arash Azhideh: /* References */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
[[Spondyloarthropathy|Spondyloarthropathies]] are forms of [[arthritis]] that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding [[Joint|joints]]. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, [[Shoulder|shoulders]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
The most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* [[Anatomical terms of location|axial]] [[spondylitis]], mostly affect [[vertebra]] column and [[Pelvis|pelvic]] joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''[[Enthesopathy|enthesitis]],''' which is the [[inflammation]] of the point that [[Tendon|tendons]] or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''[[Uveitis]]''' causes pain or redness in one eye
There are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis same as skin rash or [[Inflammatory bowel disease|intestinal inflammatory disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]].

Individuals with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]] or [[Shoulder|shoulders]], or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your [[appetite]].

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyloarthropathy|title=SpondyloArthritis|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459356/|title=Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Marena Rojas-Vargas, Elisa Mun ̃ oz-Gomariz, Alejandro Escudero, Pilar Font, Pedro Zarco, Raquel Almodovar, Jordi Grataco ́ s, Juan Mulero, Xavier Juanola, Carlos Montilla, Estefanı ́a Moreno and Eduardo Collantes-Estevez on behalf of REGISPONSER working group|first=|date=10 February 2009|title=First signs and symptoms of spondyloarthritis—data from an inception cohort with a disease course of two years or less (REGISPONSER- Early)|url=https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/48/4/404/1789827|journal=Rheumatology|volume=48|pages=|via=}}</ref>

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit [[Genetics|genetic]] play an obvious role in it, such that is called [[Heredity|hereditary]] disease by some investigators. It has been mentioned that 30 different [[Gene|genes]] are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is [[HLA-B27]]. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

Studies also demonstrated that [[Reactive arthritis]] is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Oliver FitzGerald, Iain McInnes|first=|date=|title=Spondyloarthropathy: disease at the crossroads of immunity|url=|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Maripat Corr|first=|date=2013|title=Spondyloarthropathy: frontier for molecular targets?|url=|journal=Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>

== Who is at highest risk? ==
Since, the major [[gene]] that causes this disease is [[HLA-B27]] and almost all white people with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] are carriers of [[HLA-B27]], it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

To sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] condition, such as [[psoriasis]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] ([[Ulcerative colitis]] or [[Crohn's disease]])
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]], [[wrist]], and [[elbow]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of [[pelvis]] joints have been done to evaluate [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac]] joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests [[HLA-B27]] have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=William J. Taylor & Philip C. Robinson|first=|date=2013|title=Classification Criteria: Peripheral Spondyloarthropathy and Psoriatic Arthritis|url=|journal=Curr Rheumatol Rep|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Minyoung Her and Arthur Kavanaugh|first=|date=2013|title=Treatment of spondyloarthropathy: the potential for agents other than TNF inhibitors|url=|journal=Current Opinion Rheumatology|volume=25|pages=|via=}}</ref>
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAID]] such as
** [[Naproxen sodium|Naproxen]], [[Ibuprofen]], and Meloxicom
* [[Corticosteroid]]
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs]] ([[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|DMARDs]])
* Biologic drugs such as
** [[Infliximab]]
** [[Etanercept]]
** [[Adalimumab]]
** [[Golimumab]]

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* [[osteoporosis]]
* [[uveitis]]
* inflammation of aortic valve
* [[Inflammatory bowel disease|IBDs]] ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* [[Psoriasis]]

== References ==

Spondyloarthropathy overview

2018-11-16T18:46:16Z

Arash Azhideh: /* References */

__NOTOC__
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}

== Overview ==
Spondyloarthropathy or Spondyloarthrosis are entities refer to any kind of joint disease of vertebral column (spine), albeit it demonstrate a class or category of diseases more than a single entity. Another entity in disease of vertebra itself is spondylopathy, which is founded mostly with spondyloarthropathy. Th term of spondyloarthropathy in the broadest sense, includes any type of joint involvement of vertebral column such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, however, the term is often used for a certain group of disease with specific common features, which eventuate to call them as a seronegative spondyloarthropathies due to their negative serum rheumatoid factor and ANA, with an increased incidence of HLA-B27.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyloarthropathy|title=SpondyloArthritis|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459356/|title=Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

==References==

{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-09-28T07:21:40Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Treatment options */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
[[Spondyloarthropathy|Spondyloarthropathies]] are forms of [[arthritis]] that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding [[Joint|joints]]. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, [[Shoulder|shoulders]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
The most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* [[Anatomical terms of location|axial]] [[spondylitis]], mostly affect [[vertebra]] column and [[Pelvis|pelvic]] joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''[[Enthesopathy|enthesitis]],''' which is the [[inflammation]] of the point that [[Tendon|tendons]] or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''[[Uveitis]]''' causes pain or redness in one eye
There are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis same as skin rash or [[Inflammatory bowel disease|intestinal inflammatory disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]].

Individuals with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]] or [[Shoulder|shoulders]], or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your [[appetite]].

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit [[Genetics|genetic]] play an obvious role in it, such that is called [[Heredity|hereditary]] disease by some investigators. It has been mentioned that 30 different [[Gene|genes]] are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is [[HLA-B27]]. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

Studies also demonstrated that [[Reactive arthritis]] is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.

== Who is at highest risk? ==
Since, the major [[gene]] that causes this disease is [[HLA-B27]] and almost all white people with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] are carriers of [[HLA-B27]], it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

To sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] condition, such as [[psoriasis]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] ([[Ulcerative colitis]] or [[Crohn's disease]])
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]], [[wrist]], and [[elbow]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of [[pelvis]] joints have been done to evaluate [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac]] joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests [[HLA-B27]] have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAID]] such as
** [[Naproxen sodium|Naproxen]], [[Ibuprofen]], and Meloxicom
* [[Corticosteroid]]
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs]] ([[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|DMARDs]])
* Biologic drugs such as
** [[Infliximab]]
** [[Etanercept]]
** [[Adalimumab]]
** [[Golimumab]]

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* [[osteoporosis]]
* [[uveitis]]
* inflammation of aortic valve
* [[Inflammatory bowel disease|IBDs]] ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* [[Psoriasis]]

== References ==

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-09-28T07:17:37Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
[[Spondyloarthropathy|Spondyloarthropathies]] are forms of [[arthritis]] that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding [[Joint|joints]]. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, [[Shoulder|shoulders]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
The most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* [[Anatomical terms of location|axial]] [[spondylitis]], mostly affect [[vertebra]] column and [[Pelvis|pelvic]] joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''[[Enthesopathy|enthesitis]],''' which is the [[inflammation]] of the point that [[Tendon|tendons]] or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''[[Uveitis]]''' causes pain or redness in one eye
There are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis same as skin rash or [[Inflammatory bowel disease|intestinal inflammatory disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]].

Individuals with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]] or [[Shoulder|shoulders]], or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your [[appetite]].

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit [[Genetics|genetic]] play an obvious role in it, such that is called [[Heredity|hereditary]] disease by some investigators. It has been mentioned that 30 different [[Gene|genes]] are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is [[HLA-B27]]. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

Studies also demonstrated that [[Reactive arthritis]] is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.

== Who is at highest risk? ==
Since, the major [[gene]] that causes this disease is [[HLA-B27]] and almost all white people with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] are carriers of [[HLA-B27]], it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

To sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] condition, such as [[psoriasis]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] ([[Ulcerative colitis]] or [[Crohn's disease]])
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]], [[wrist]], and [[elbow]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of [[pelvis]] joints have been done to evaluate [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac]] joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests [[HLA-B27]] have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:
* NSAID such as
** Naproxen, Ibuprofen, and Meloxicom
* Corticosteroid
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
* Biologic drugs such as
** Infliximab
** Etanercept
** Adalimumab
** Golimumab

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* osteoporosis
* uveitis
* inflammation of aortic valve
* IBDs ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* Psoriasis

== References ==

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-09-28T07:17:14Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
[[Spondyloarthropathy|Spondyloarthropathies]] are forms of [[arthritis]] that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding [[Joint|joints]]. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, [[Shoulder|shoulders]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
The most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* [[Anatomical terms of location|axial]] [[spondylitis]], mostly affect [[vertebra]] column and [[Pelvis|pelvic]] joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''[[Enthesopathy|enthesitis]],''' which is the [[inflammation]] of the point that [[Tendon|tendons]] or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''[[Uveitis]]''' causes pain or redness in one eye
There are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis same as skin rash or [[Inflammatory bowel disease|intestinal inflammatory disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]].

Individuals with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]] or [[Shoulder|shoulders]], or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your [[appetite]].

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit [[Genetics|genetic]] play an obvious role in it, such that is called [[Heredity|hereditary]] disease by some investigators. It has been mentioned that 30 different [[Gene|genes]] are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is [[HLA-B27]]. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

Studies also demonstrated that [[Reactive arthritis]] is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.

== Who is at highest risk? ==
Since, the major [[gene]] that causes this disease is [[HLA-B27]] and almost all white people with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] are carriers of [[HLA-B27]], it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

To sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] condition, such as [[psoriasis]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] ([[Ulcerative colitis]] or [[Crohn's disease]])
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as [[Hip (anatomy)|hip]], [[wrist]], and [[elbow]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of [[pelvis]] joints have been done to evaluate [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac]] joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests [[HLA-B27]] have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:
* NSAID such as
** [[Naproxen]], Ibuprofen, and Meloxicom
* Corticosteroid
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
* Biologic drugs such as
** Infliximab
** Etanercept
** Adalimumab
** Golimumab

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* osteoporosis
* uveitis
* inflammation of aortic valve
* IBDs ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* Psoriasis

== References ==

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-09-05T15:27:13Z

Arash Azhideh: /* possible complication */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
Spondyloarthropathies are forms of arthritis that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding joints. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, shoulders, and hips. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
the most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* axial spondylitis, mostly affect vertebra column and pelvic joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''enthesitis,''' which is the inflammation of the point that tendons or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''Uveitis''' causes pain or redness in one eye
there are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis sam as skin rash or intestinal inflammatory disease ulcerative colitis.

individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as hip or shoulders, or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your appetite.

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit genetic play an obvious role in it, such that is called hereditary disease by some investigators. it has been mentioned that 30 different genes are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is HLA-B27. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

studies also demonstrated that Reactive arthritis is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.

== Who is at highest risk? ==
since, the major gene that causes this disease is HLA-B27 and almost all white people with ankylosing spondylitis are carriers of HLA-B27, it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

to sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another inflammatory condition, such as psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease (Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease)
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as hip, wrist, and elbow

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of pelvis joints have been done to evaluate sacroiliac joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests HLA-B27 have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:
* NSAID such as
** Naproxen, Ibuprofen, and Meloxicom
* Corticosteroid
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
* Biologic drugs such as
** Infliximab
** Etanercept
** Adalimumab
** Golimumab

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* osteoporosis
* uveitis
* inflammation of aortic valve
* IBDs ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* Psoriasis

== References ==

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-09-05T15:26:36Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
[[Spondyloarthropathy|Spondyloarthropathies]] are forms of [[arthritis]] that usually involve the bones of [[spine]] and surrounding joints. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, [[Shoulder|shoulders]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
the most common symptoms of [[Spondyloarthropathy|spondyloarthropathies]] are [[pain]], [[Edema|swelling]], and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* [[Anatomical terms of location|axial]] [[spondylitis]], mostly affect vertebra column and pelvic joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''[[Enthesopathy|enthesitis]],''' which is the inflammation of the point that [[Tendon|tendons]] or [[ligament]] meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''[[Uveitis]]''' causes pain or redness in one eye
There are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis sam as skin rash or intestinal inflammatory disease [[ulcerative colitis]].

Individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as hip or shoulders, or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause [[fatigue]] and reduction of your appetite.

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your [[Rib|ribs]] and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit [[Genetics|genetic]] play an obvious role in it, such that is called [[Heredity|hereditary]] disease by some investigators. it has been mentioned that 30 different genes are responsible for appearing of [[Spondyloarthropathy|spondyloarthropathies]] though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is [[HLA-B27]]. some other research suggest a link between [[bacteria]] and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

studies also demonstrated that Reactive arthritis is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.

== Who is at highest risk? ==
Since, the major gene that causes this disease is [[HLA-B27]] and almost all white people with [[ankylosing spondylitis]] are carriers of [[HLA-B27]], it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

To sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* Positive test result for the [[HLA-B27|HLA-B27 gene]]
* Have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* Another [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] condition, such as [[psoriasis]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] ([[Ulcerative colitis]] or [[Crohn's disease]])
* Frequent bacterial infections in your gut

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* Morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* Swelling in your joints such as hip, wrist, and elbow

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of [[spondyloarthropathy]] based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the [[medical history]] and [[physical examination]]. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of [[pelvis]] joints have been done to evaluate [[sacroiliac joint]] which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; [[inflamation]] of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of [[spondyloarthropathy]]. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] ([[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests [[HLA-B27]] have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for [[Spondyloarthropathy|spondyloarthropatheis]] are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAID]] such as
** [[Naproxen sodium|Naproxen]], [[Ibuprofen]], and Meloxicom
* [[Corticosteroid]]
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)]]
* Biologic drugs such as
** [[Infliximab]]
** [[Etanercept]]
** [[Adalimumab]]
** [[Golimumab]]

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
[[Arthritis|Stiffness]], [[fatigue]], and [[pain]] can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with [[spondyloarthropathy]] lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* [[osteoporosis]]
* [[uveitis]]
* inflammation of aortic valve
* [[IBD|IBDs ( inflammatory bowel disease )]]
* [[Psoriasis]]

Acoustic neuroma

2018-09-05T15:11:10Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Overview */

__NOTOC__

'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Acoustic neuroma}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}, [[User:Arash Azhideh|Arash Azhideh]]

{{SK}} Acoustic neurilemoma; Acoustic neurinoma; Perineural fibroblastoma; Acoustic neuroma neurofibroma; Acoustic schwannoma; Vestibular schwannoma; AN; Vestibular Tumor
==[[Acoustic neuroma overview|Overview]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma classification|Classification]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma causes|Causes]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Acoustic neuroma from other Disorders]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma screening|Screening]]==

==[[Acoustic neuroma natural history, complications & prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==

== Diagnosis ==

[[Acoustic neuroma staging | Staging]] | [[Acoustic neuroma history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Acoustic neuroma physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Acoustic neuroma laboratory findings| Laboratory Findings]] | [[Acoustic neuroma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Acoustic neuroma chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Acoustic neuroma MRI|MRI]] | [[Acoustic neuroma CT|CT]] | [[Acoustic neuroma echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Acoustic neuroma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Acoustic neuroma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]

==Treatment==

[[Acoustic neuroma medical therapy| Medical Therapy]] | [[Acoustic neuroma surgery| Surgery]] | [[Acoustic neuroma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Acoustic neuroma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Acoustic neuroma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Acoustic neuroma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]

==Case Studies==
[[Acoustic neuroma case study one|Case #1]]

[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Disease]]

{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]

Acoustic neuroma differential diagnosis

2018-09-05T15:10:05Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Overview */

__NOTOC__
{{Acoustic neuroma}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}, [[User:Arash Azhideh|Arash Azhideh,]]
==Overview==
Acoustic neuroma must be differentiated from [[meningioma]], intracranial epidermoid cyst, [[facial nerve]] [[schwannoma]], [[trigeminal]] [[schwannoma]], [[ependymoma]], leiomyoma, intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma, [[malignant]] peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), [[gastrointestinal]] stromal tumor, [[neurofibroma]], [[Meniere's]] disease, and [[Bell's palsy]].<ref name="radio">Acoustic Schwannoma. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/acoustic-schwannoma Accessed on October 2 2015</ref>
==Differential Diagnosis==
Acoustic neuroma must be differentiated from:<ref name="libre">Schwannoma. Librepathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Schwannoma Accessed on October 2 2015</ref>
*[[Meningioma]]
*Intracranial epidermoid [[cyst]]
*[[Facial nerve]] [[schwannoma]]
*[[Trigeminal]] schwannoma
*[[Ependymoma]]
*[[Metastasis]]
*[[Leiomyoma]]
*Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma
*Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
*MPNST - schwannoma with ancient change has no significant [[mitotic]] activity<ref name="pmid17244372">{{cite journal| author=Chan PT, Tripathi S, Low SE, Robinson LQ| title=Case report--ancient schwannoma of the scrotum. | journal=BMC Urol | year= 2007 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 1 | pmid=17244372 | doi=10.1186/1471-2490-7-1 | pmc=PMC1783662 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17244372 }} </ref>
*[[Neurofibroma]]
*[[Meniere's]] disease
*[[Bell's palsy]]

Differentiating features of common differential diagnosis are:<ref name="radio">Acoustic Schwannoma. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/acoustic-schwannoma Accessed on October 2 2015</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 800px;" align="center"
| valign="top" |
|+
! colspan="3" style="background: #5579FF; width:200;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Differentiating features of common differential diagnosis}}
|-
! style="background: #4682B4; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease/Condition}}
! style="background: #4682B4; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Differentiating Signs/Symptoms }}

! style="background: #4682B4; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Findings on CT or MRI}}

|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; font-weight: bold" | Meningioma
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*Hearing loss is less common
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*Usually more homogeneous in appearance: significant signal heterogeneity with cystic or haemorrhagic areas is more typical of vestibular schwannoma than meningiomas (although cystic meningiomas do occur)
*Meningiomas tend to have a broad dural base
*Usually lack trumpet IAM sign
*Calcification is more common
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; font-weight: bold" | Intracranial epidermoid cyst
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*Hearing loss is less common
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*No enhancing component
*Very high signal on DWI (Diffusion weighted imaging)
*Does not widen the IAC (Internal auditory canal)
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; font-weight: bold" | Facial nerve schwannoma
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*Facial weakness is common and occurs early
*Sometimes associated with neurofibromatosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*CT and MRI imaging results are similar to acoustic neuroma but enhancement extends into the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve and facial canal
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; font-weight: bold" | Trigeminal schwannoma
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*Clinically associated with facial numbness
*Hearing loss is less common
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff;" |
*CT and MRI imaging displays a dumbbell-shaped mass over the petrous apex affecting Meckel cave.
*The trigeminal nerve enhancement extends proximal to the tumor and does not extend into the IAM (internal acoustic meatus)
|}

=== Differential diagnosis for SSNHL: ===
Since the most common cause of Acoustic Neuroma is hearing loss, the differential diagnosis for SSNHL (Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ) are listed below.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maggie Kuhn, MD, Selena E. Heman-Ackah, MD, MBA, Jamil A. Shaikh, BA, and Pamela C. Roehm, MD, PhD|first=|date=2011|title=Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Review of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis|url=|journal=Sagepub|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; margin: 3px; font-size: 90%; width: 600px;" align="center"
| valign="top" |
|+
! colspan="4" style="background: #5579FF; width: 600px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Identifiable Causes of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss}}
|-
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Autoimmune
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Autoimmune inner ear disease
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " |<nowiki> fontcolor|#FFF|Neurologic</nowiki>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Migraine
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Behcet’s disease
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Multiple sclerosis
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Cogan’s syndrome
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Pontine ischemia
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Systemic lupus erythematosis
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Otologic
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Fluctuating hearing loss
|-
! rowspan="9" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Infectious
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Bacterial Meningitis
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Meniere’s disease
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Cryptococcal meningitis
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Otosclerosis
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | HIV
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Enlarged vestibular aqueduct
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Lassa fever
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Toxic
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Aminoglycosides
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Lyme disease
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Chemotherapeutic agents
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Mumps
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Mycoplasma
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Salicylates
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Syphilis
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Traumatic
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Inner ear concussion
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Toxoplasmosis
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Iatrogenic trauma/surgery
|-
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Vascular
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Cardiovascular bypass
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Perilymphatic fistula
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Temporal bone fracture
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Cerebrovascular accident/stroke
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Sickle cell disease
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Metabolic
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Diabetes mellitus
|-
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Neoplastic
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #ffa500; " | Acoustic neuroma
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Hypothyroidism
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | CPA or petrous meningiomas
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #87CEFA; " | Functional
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Conversion disorder
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | CPA or petrous apex metastases
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | Malingering
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #f0f8ff; " | CPA myeloma
|-
|}

=== Differentiating Acoustic Neuroma from Meningioma in CT Scans ===
The most important differential diagnosis for Acoustic neuroma is Meningioma of Pontine angle, so it is vital to distinguish these two diseases. As you see below this diagram demonstrate this differences of these two disease in CT Scan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=A. M611er, A. Hatam and H. Olivecrona|first=|date=1978|title=The Differential Diagnosis of Pontine Angle Meningioma and Acoustic Neuroma with Computed Tomography|url=|journal=Neuroradilogy|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-| A01 |~|~| A02 |~|~| A03 |-|.| | |A01= <13cm3 |A02= Volume |A03= >35cm3 }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| B01 |~|~| B02 |~|~| B03 |-|(| | |B01=No |B02=Increased attenuation |B03=Yes}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| C01 |~|~| C02 |~|~| C03 |-|(| | |C01=No |C02=Marked calcification |C03=Yes}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| D01 |~|~| D02 |~|~| D03 |-|(| | |D01=No |D02=Oval shape |D03=Yes}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| E01 |~|~| E02 |~|~| E03 |-|(| | |E01=Yes |E02=Round shape |E03=Mostly No}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | G01 |-|-|+|-| G02 |~|~| G03 |~|~| G04 |-|+|-|-| G05 | | |G01= Acoustic Neuroma |G02=No |G03=Tumor reaches dorsum sellae anteriorly |G04=Yes |G05=Meningioma}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| F01 |~|~| F02 |~|~| F03 |-|(| | |F01=Mostly No |F02=Apparently broad attachment to bone |F03= Yes}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| H01 |~|~| H02 |~|~| H03 |-|(| | |H01=No |H02=Center of tumor anterior to porus |H03=Sometimes Yes}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| I01 |~|~| I02 |~|~| I03 |-|(| | |I01=No |I02=Tumor reaches > 2 cm above dorsum |I03=Mostly Yes}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |)|-| J01 |~|~| J02 |~|~| J03 |-|(| | |J01=Sometimes |J02=Peripheral edema |J03=No}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |`|-| K01 |~|~| K02 |~|~| K03 |-|'| | |K01=Mostly Yes |K02=Widening of porus or other bone changes |K03=No}}
{{familytree/end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{WikiDoc Sources}}

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[[Category:Neurosurgery]]

Spondyloarthropathy historical perspective

2018-08-30T08:40:07Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Historical perspective */

{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
==Historical perspective==
* The first clinical description of AS is credited to Bernard Conner (1666 – 1698), an Irish physician who did this in his medical thesis. At early 1690s, Bernard Connor discovered fortuitously one specimen of a fused spine and thorax, which is now recognized as the skeleton with incontrovertible AS changes .The previous history has been developed according to Bywaters in to five stages from the ‘fossil’ stage (1693–1824) over the clinical description (1824–1885) to the clinical and pathological correlations (1884 – 1898), radiological ‘penetration’ and ‘insight’ (1897 – 1931), and finally epidemiology and family studies (1936–1950).

* Till 1950s, RA was considered as s nonspecific syndrome that could be triggered off by various diverse etiological factors such as urethritis, psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis.

* As early as 1954, the French rheumatologist Jean Marche for the first time suggested that AS and Reiter’s syndrome are two aspects of the same disease.

* Oates in 1959 also questioned if AS and Reiter’s syndrome may have the same origin.

* Bernard Amor in 1968 further advanced the view of the inter-relationship of this two entities reviewing reports on endemic Reiter’s syndrome with the frequent outcome as AS and a postulated common genetic background.

* Finally, from the study on psoriatic arthritis and other work on seronegative arthritis Moll et al. formulated the pivotal

* Unified concept of a group of seronegative arthritides termed spondarthritides closely interlinked by clinical, serological, radiological, and genetic features. The evi- dence for lumping together a group of diseases derived from clinical associations, familial aggregation, and epidemiological studies.

Spondyloarthropathy (patient information)

2018-08-30T08:38:14Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}Spondyloarthropathies are forms of arthritis that usually involve the bones of spine and surrounding joints. They can cause pain swelling of the joints and sometimes leads to destruction of joint such as backbones, shoulders, and hips. this destruction of the joints occasionally eventuate in limited spine rotation and movement.

== What are the symptoms of Spondyloarthropathy? ==
the most common symptoms of spondyloarthropathies are pain, swelling, and stiffness, mostly appeared in the back and causes low back pain.
* axial spondylitis, mostly affect vertebra column and pelvic joints
* peripheral spondylitis, mostly affect arms and legs
* '''enthesitis,''' which is the inflammation of the point that tendons or ligament meets the bone, that firstly demonstrate itself by pain at the back or bottom of your heels
* '''Uveitis''' causes pain or redness in one eye
there are some possible symptoms associated with psoriasis sam as skin rash or intestinal inflammatory disease ulcerative colitis.

individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) sometimes develop arthritis in their pelvic joints such as hip or shoulders, or both simultaneously early on. It also can mildly increase your body temperature due to inflammation in your body and can cause fatigue and reduction of your appetite.

If the disease does not treated properly the situation can be progressed and causes even the stiffer spine and its joints such as joints between your ribs and spine, since deep breathing can be hard.

== What are the causes of spondyloarthropathies? ==
The exact cause of spondiloarthritis is not clear, albeit genetic play an obvious role in it, such that is called hereditary disease by some investigators. it has been mentioned that 30 different genes are responsible for appearing of spondyloarthropathies though there is one gene that are shared in all of them and it is HLA-B27. some other research suggest a link between bacteria and spondyloarthropathies or other inflammatory disease .

studies also demonstrated that Reactive arthritis is the only type of spondyloarthritis known to be triggered by a bacterial infection.

== Who is at highest risk? ==
since, the major gene that causes this disease is HLA-B27 and almost all white people with ankylosing spondylitis are carriers of HLA-B27, it is obvious that with people with the existence of any kind spondyloarthropathies in their family are at the higher risk of spondyloarthropathies.

to sum up individuals with one of the following criteria are at higher risk for spondyloarthropathies:
* positive test result for the HLA-B27 gene
* have a family member with spondyloarthritis
* are of Siberian Eskimo, Alaskan, or Scandinavian Lapps descent
* have another inflammatory condition, such as psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease (Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease)
* have frequent bacterial infections in your gut

== When to seek urgent medical care? ==
You should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen:
* morning stiffness in your back or any other joints that can be decreased by exercise.
limited rang of motion of your low back
* swelling in your joints such as hip, wrist, and elbow

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy based on the clinical suspicious of physician triggered by the medical history and physical examination. The other step of diagnosis is blood tests and imaging modalities. X-ray of pelvis joints have been done to evaluate sacroiliac joint which is the most common joint involvement in spondyloarthropathy; inflamation of this joint called sacroilitis is the key sign of spondyloarthropathy. If the X-ray does not clarify the diagnosis of the disease further imaging modalities have been ordered such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which can show the details of joints better than X-ray. Among all the blood tests HLA-B27 have been ordered to evaluate the existence of this gene. Howbeit, the existence of this gene does not mean the spondyloarthropathy will definitely develop.

== Treatment options ==
Treatment options for spondyloarthropatheis are dependent on how severe the disease is. From first line drugs to the intensive treatment are included:
* NSAID such as
** Naproxen, Ibuprofen, and Meloxicom
* Corticosteroid
** Oral use or injection in swelled joint
* Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
* Biologic drugs such as
** Infliximab
** Etanercept
** Adalimumab
** Golimumab

== Where to find medical care for spondyloarthropathy? ==
[https://www.google.com/maps/search/top+hospital+or+spondyloarthropathy+in+usa/@38.6875695,-114.7654192,4z/data=!3m1!4b1 Direction to hospital for spondyloarthropathy]

== Prevention of spondyloarthropathy ==
Prevention of the spondyloarthropathy is not possible due to the nature of the condition.

== What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)? ==
Stiffness, fatigue, and pain can be continuous or on and off. Despite all of these symptoms, patients with spondyloarthropathy lead productive life and have normal lifespan as others. modifying life style can reduce the symptoms of disease such as quit smoking and have regular exercise.

== possible complication ==
complication may occur in patient are included:
* osteoporosis
* uveitis
* inflammation of aortic valve
* IBDs ( inflammatory bowel disease )
* Psoriasis

Spondyloarthropathy

2018-08-30T08:37:18Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Overview */

__NOTOC__
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}

== [[Spondyloarthropathy overview|Overview]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy classification|Classification]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy causes|Causes]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathies differential diagnosis|Differentiating Spondyloarthropathies from other Disease]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy screening|Screening]] ==

== [[Spondyloarthropathy natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==

== Diagnosis ==
[[Spondyloarthropathy diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic Study of Choice]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy history and symptoms|History and symptoms]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy x ray|X-Ray]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy CT scan|CT Scan]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy MRI|MRI]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy other diagnostic studies|Other diagnostic Studies]]

== Treatment ==
[[Spondyloarthropathy medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy interventions|Interventions]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy surgery|Surgery]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Spondyloarthropathy cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | Future or Investigational Therapies

==References==

{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Spondyloarthropathy cost-effectiveness of therapy

2018-08-30T08:27:24Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Cost-effectiveness of therapy */

==Cost-effectiveness of therapy==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}One of the most cost-effectiveness of therapy occurred when the disease diagnosis and treatment have been done at the onset of the disease.

Spondyloarthropathy cost-effectiveness of therapy

2018-08-30T08:26:48Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Cost-effectiveness of therapy== One of the most cost-effectiveness of therapy occurred when the disease diagnosis and treatment have been done at the onset of the disease."

==Cost-effectiveness of therapy==
One of the most cost-effectiveness of therapy occurred when the disease diagnosis and treatment have been done at the onset of the disease.

Spondyloarthropathy other diagnostic studies

2018-08-30T08:24:30Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Other diagnostic findings */

==Other diagnostic findings==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}There is not other diagnostic findings in patients with SpA.

Spondyloarthropathy other diagnostic studies

2018-08-30T08:23:55Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Other diagnostic findings== There is not other diagnostic findings in patients with SpA."

==Other diagnostic findings==
There is not other diagnostic findings in patients with SpA.

Spondyloarthropathy other imaging findings

2018-08-30T08:23:01Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Other imaging findings */

==Other imaging findings==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}There is not other imaging findings in patients with SpA.

Spondyloarthropathy other imaging findings

2018-08-30T08:22:24Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Other imaging findings== There is not other imaging findings in patients with SpA."

==Other imaging findings==
There is not other imaging findings in patients with SpA.

Spondyloarthropathy CT scan

2018-08-30T08:21:22Z

Arash Azhideh: /* CT scan */

==CT scan==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}CT scan in evaluating of patients with SpA have not been using frequently. Few indications of CT scan are included:
* When the clinical suspicious for diagnosis of SpA is high but there is not evidence in sacroiliac X-ray and also MRI can not be used.
* For evaluating of vertebral fractures

Spondyloarthropathy MRI

2018-08-30T08:18:01Z

Arash Azhideh: /* MRI */

==MRI==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}MRI indications in patients with SpA are included:
* For evaluating inflammatory lesions of enthesitis

* When the clinical suspicious for diagnosis of SpA are high but there is not evidence of it in sacroiliac X-ray

* To evaluate the compression of spinal cord

* In patients with bowel or bladder dysfunction (that night happen due to cord compression and caudal equina syndrome)

Spondyloarthropathy MRI

2018-08-30T08:09:51Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==MRI=="

==MRI==

Spondyloarthropathy secondary prevention

2018-08-30T08:09:10Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Secondary prevention */

==Secondary prevention==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}Secondary prevention in SpA are included:
* Routine exercise and physical therapy
** Routine exercise and physical therapy are useful to reduce symptoms
* Specialist consultations
** Ophtalmologist → to evaluate the presence of anterior uveitis
** Rheumatologist → management of ongoing disease and the response to medication
** Gasteroenterlogist → coexisting of IBDs such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
** Cardiologist → to evaluate the presence of aortitis and heart block
** Surgeon → Orthopedic and neurosurgeons
** Physical therapist → to reduce symptoms of the disease

Spondyloarthropathy secondary prevention

2018-08-30T08:08:33Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Secondary prevention */

==Secondary prevention==
Secondary prevention in SpA are included:
* Routine exercise and physical therapy
** Routine exercise and physical therapy are useful to reduce symptoms
* Specialist consultations
** Ophtalmologist → to evaluate the presence of anterior uveitis
** Rheumatologist → management of ongoing disease and the response to medication
** Gasteroenterlogist → coexisting of IBDs such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
** Cardiologist → to evaluate the presence of aortitis and heart block
** Surgeon → Orthopedic and neurosurgeons
** Physical therapist → to reduce symptoms of the disease

Spondyloarthropathy secondary prevention

2018-08-30T07:59:46Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Secondary prevention== secondary prevention in SpA are included: Routine exercise and physical therapy Specialist consultations"

==Secondary prevention==
secondary prevention in SpA are included: Routine exercise and physical therapy Specialist consultations

Spondyloarthropathy primary prevention

2018-08-30T07:57:39Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Primary prevention */

==Primary prevention==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}There is not primary prevention for this disease.

Spondyloarthropathy primary prevention

2018-08-30T07:56:54Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Primary prevention== There is not primary prevention for this disease."

==Primary prevention==
There is not primary prevention for this disease.

Spondyloarthropathy surgery

2018-08-30T07:55:53Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Surgery */

==Surgery==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}Surgeries that have been done in patients with SpA are mostly for complications of the disease, these surgeries are joint replacement, vertebral osteotomy, and fracture stabilization.

====== joint replacement ======
* The most common joint that have involved in SpA and needs to be replaced is hip joint and afterwards shoulder joint.

* This surgery have been done when the joint have severely damaged and leads to pain and reduction of range of motion.

====== vertebral osteotomy ======
* In patients with sever fusion of cervical and upper thoracic vertebral body, vertebral osteotomy have been done to improve patient well-being.

====== Fracture stabilization ======
* Due to fusion of vertebral bodies, spinal movement in all 3 plane have been limited and this can lead to fracture of the spine, so any patients with the history of trauma should be considered as fracture, till fracture has been ruled out.

Spondyloarthropathy surgery

2018-08-30T07:41:45Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Surgery=="

==Surgery==

Spondyloarthropathy interventions

2018-08-30T07:41:21Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Interventions */

==Interventions==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}Since the phatophysiology of the disease related to in appropriate activation of immune system, there are few procedures that can be done to help patients. Interventions in treatment of patient with SpA are included:
* Local corticosteroid injection
* surgery interventions such as vertebral osteotomy, joint replacement, and fracture stabilization

Spondyloarthropathy interventions

2018-08-30T07:39:48Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Interventions== Since the phatophysiology of the disease related to in appropriate activation of immune system, there are few procedures that can be done to help patients. I..."

==Interventions==
Since the phatophysiology of the disease related to in appropriate activation of immune system, there are few procedures that can be done to help patients. Interventions in treatment of patient with SpA are included:
Local corticosteroid injection
surgery interventions such as vertebral osteotomy, joint replacement, and fracture stabilization

Spondyloarthropathy medical therapy

2018-08-30T07:00:13Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Medical Therapy */

==Medical Therapy==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}Albiet, no drugs have been proved to modify the natural history of disease, some new medications such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists (TNF-) are seem to be effective in modifying the disease course.
Most of the patients with SpA can be managed inpatient except those with extra-articular manifestation.
Progression of the disease and its response to medication are monitored by the laboratory findings such as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reative protein (CRP).

====== Medication for treatment of spondyloarthropathies are included: ======
* Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

* Corticosteroid

* Sulfasalazine

* TNF-a inhibitor (infliximab, etenercept, adalimumAb, certolizomab, golimumab)

====== Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ======
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for reducing pain and also anti-inflammatory role, however, dosage for anti-inflammatory role is much more than pain reduction usage. Though, using NSAIDs in full anti-inflammatory doses can lead to reduction of radiographic progression sign, but it has some other adverse effect which mostly involve gasterointestinal (GI) tract such as nausea, dyspepsia, ulceration, and bleeding. Other organs that can be involved throughout treatment are kidneys and centeral nervous system (CNS).

* Side effects and efficacy of each category of NSAIDs may differ among groups.

====== Sulfasalazine ======
* Sulfasalazine is a second line medication in patients with SpA, who can not use NSAIDs. Usage of this drug in spinal stiffness and peripheral arthritis have been seen through numerous studies, but there is not enough evidence to prove its advantages in improving spinal motility, enthesitis or physical examination.

====== TNF-ɑ inhibitor ======
* TNF-ɑ inhibitor have been proved their advantages in treatment of SpA especially in AS.

* Their onset of action vary from 2 weeks unto 6 weeks.

* Studies demonstrated the efficacy of these drugs in the reduction of inflammation sites in MRI and also laboratory findings such as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reative protein (CRP).

* Some of the most important adverse effect of these medication are included:
** Reactivation of tuberculosis, in previously infected individuals.
** Sever bacterial infection
** Fungal infection
** Congestive heart failure (in patient with rheumatoid arthritis at the onset of drug administration), (not common)
** Demyelinating syndrome (rare and not approved properly)
* Contraindications:
** In patients with active hepatitis B ( in chronic hepatitis C is not contraindicated)
** Patient with latent tuberculosis
** HIV infected individuals

====== Corticosteroid ======
* Short-term use of oral corticosteroid seem to be helpful, but long-term usage of oral corticosteroid demonstrated the risk of spinal fractures due to osteoporosis

* long-term usage of oral corticosteroid does not have effect on changing the outcome of the disease.

* Local injection have been used to suppress the inflammation of sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and other peripheral arthritis.

====== Interlukin inhibitors ======
Inhibition of inflammatory interleukins such as IL-17A, which is a proinflammatory cytokine, have shown benefits in patients with SpA.

Secukinumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal anti IL-17A.

Spondyloarthropathy medical therapy

2018-08-30T06:59:36Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Medical Therapy */

==Medical Therapy==
Albiet, no drugs have been proved to modify the natural history of disease, some new medications such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists (TNF-) are seem to be effective in modifying the disease course.
Most of the patients with SpA can be managed inpatient except those with extra-articular manifestation.
Progression of the disease and its response to medication are monitored by the laboratory findings such as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reative protein (CRP).

====== Medication for treatment of spondyloarthropathies are included: ======
* Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

* Corticosteroid

* Sulfasalazine

* TNF-a inhibitor (infliximab, etenercept, adalimumAb, certolizomab, golimumab)

====== Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ======
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful for reducing pain and also anti-inflammatory role, however, dosage for anti-inflammatory role is much more than pain reduction usage. Though, using NSAIDs in full anti-inflammatory doses can lead to reduction of radiographic progression sign, but it has some other adverse effect which mostly involve gasterointestinal (GI) tract such as nausea, dyspepsia, ulceration, and bleeding. Other organs that can be involved throughout treatment are kidneys and centeral nervous system (CNS).

* Side effects and efficacy of each category of NSAIDs may differ among groups.

====== Sulfasalazine ======
* Sulfasalazine is a second line medication in patients with SpA, who can not use NSAIDs. Usage of this drug in spinal stiffness and peripheral arthritis have been seen through numerous studies, but there is not enough evidence to prove its advantages in improving spinal motility, enthesitis or physical examination.

====== TNF-ɑ inhibitor ======
* TNF-ɑ inhibitor have been proved their advantages in treatment of SpA especially in AS.

* Their onset of action vary from 2 weeks unto 6 weeks.

* Studies demonstrated the efficacy of these drugs in the reduction of inflammation sites in MRI and also laboratory findings such as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reative protein (CRP).

* Some of the most important adverse effect of these medication are included:
** Reactivation of tuberculosis, in previously infected individuals.
** Sever bacterial infection
** Fungal infection
** Congestive heart failure (in patient with rheumatoid arthritis at the onset of drug administration), (not common)
** Demyelinating syndrome (rare and not approved properly)
* Contraindications:
** In patients with active hepatitis B ( in chronic hepatitis C is not contraindicated)
** Patient with latent tuberculosis
** HIV infected individuals

====== Corticosteroid ======
* Short-term use of oral corticosteroid seem to be helpful, but long-term usage of oral corticosteroid demonstrated the risk of spinal fractures due to osteoporosis

* long-term usage of oral corticosteroid does not have effect on changing the outcome of the disease.

* Local injection have been used to suppress the inflammation of sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and other peripheral arthritis.

====== Interlukin inhibitors ======
Inhibition of inflammatory interleukins such as IL-17A, which is a proinflammatory cytokine, have shown benefits in patients with SpA.

Secukinumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal anti IL-17A.

Spondyloarthropathy medical therapy

2018-08-29T22:37:36Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Medical Therapy== Albiet, no drugs have been proved to modify the natural history of disease, some new medications such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists (TNF-) are seem..."

Spondyloarthropathy CT scan

2018-08-29T22:20:06Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==CT scan=="

==CT scan==

Spondyloarthropathy echocardiography and ultrasound

2018-08-29T22:18:05Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Echocardiography and ultrasound */

==Echocardiography and ultrasound==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}There is not any specific feature in the echocardiography and ultrasound of patients with SpA.

Spondyloarthropathy echocardiography and ultrasound

2018-08-29T22:04:18Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "==Echocardiography and ultrasound== There is not any specific feature in the echocardiography and ultrasound of patients with SpA."

==Echocardiography and ultrasound==
There is not any specific feature in the echocardiography and ultrasound of patients with SpA.

Spondyloarthropathy x ray

2018-08-29T22:02:44Z

Arash Azhideh: /* X-Ray */

== X-Ray ==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}
* A stepping stone in evaluating of patients with SpA is sacroiliac X-ray. Sacroiliac involvement is a necessary for diagnosis of the disease, which demonstrate bilateral inflammatory condition eventuated in multiple bone erosions and sclerosis of joints.

* AS in radiographic studies appear as bilateral, symmetric, and gradually progressive throughout years of disease. At the onset of radiographic signs, subchondral bone plate blurred and afterwards progress to erosions of the margins of the sacroiliac (SI) joint to sclerosis.
* The lower part of the SI joint involve earlier in the disease progression.
* AS enthesitis sign in radiographic studies occurred due to inflammation of annulus fibrosus.
** The first sign is cubic vertebral bodies.
[[File:Ankylosing-spondylitis-001.jpg|none|thumb|Bamboo spine]]
* Annulus fibrosus ossification eventuate in the radiographic appliance of syndesmophwytes. In the progression of the disease over time it can leads to bamboo spine.
* patients with AS are vulnerable to any spinal trauma, and any even low power traumas must be evaluated. Due to ossification of enthuses, ligaments, and other artifacts may obscure the fracture.

Spondyloarthropathy x ray

2018-08-29T22:01:40Z

Arash Azhideh: /* X-Ray */

== X-Ray ==
* A stepping stone in evaluating of patients with SpA is sacroiliac X-ray. Sacroiliac involvement is a necessary for diagnosis of the disease, which demonstrate bilateral inflammatory condition eventuated in multiple bone erosions and sclerosis of joints.

* AS in radiographic studies appear as bilateral, symmetric, and gradually progressive throughout years of disease. At the onset of radiographic signs, subchondral bone plate blurred and afterwards progress to erosions of the margins of the sacroiliac (SI) joint to sclerosis.
* The lower part of the SI joint involve earlier in the disease progression.
* AS enthesitis sign in radiographic studies occurred due to inflammation of annulus fibrosus.
** The first sign is cubic vertebral bodies.
[[File:Ankylosing-spondylitis-001.jpg|none|thumb|Bamboo spine]]
* Annulus fibrosus ossification eventuate in the radiographic appliance of syndesmophwytes. In the progression of the disease over time it can leads to bamboo spine.
* patients with AS are vulnerable to any spinal trauma, and any even low power traumas must be evaluated. Due to ossification of enthuses, ligaments, and other artifacts may obscure the fracture.

Spondyloarthropathy x ray

2018-08-29T21:54:59Z

Arash Azhideh: /* X-Ray */

== X-Ray ==
* A stepping stone in evaluating of patients with SpA is sacroiliac X-ray. Sacroiliac involvement is a necessary for diagnosis of the disease, which demonstrate bilateral inflammatory condition eventuated in multiple bone erosions and sclerosis of joints.

* AS in radiographic studies appear as bilateral, symmetric, and gradually progressive throughout years of disease. At the onset of radiographic signs, subchondral bone plate blurred and afterwards progress to erosions of the margins of the sacroiliac (SI) joint to sclerosis.
* The lower part of the SI joint involve earlier in the disease progression.
* AS enthesitis sign in radiographic studies occurred due to inflammation of annulus fibrosus.
** The first sign is cubic vertebral bodies.
* Annulus fibrosus ossification eventuate in the radiographic appliance of syndesmophwytes. In the progression of the disease over time it can leads to bamboo spine.
* patients with AS are vulnerable to any spinal trauma, and any even low power traumas must be evaluated. Due to ossification of enthuses, ligaments, and other artifacts may obscure the fracture.

Spondyloarthropathy x ray

2018-08-29T14:39:06Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "== X-Ray == A stepping stone in evaluating of patients with SpA is sacroiliac X-ray. Sacroiliac involvement is a necessary for diagnosis of the disease, which demonstrate bila..."

== X-Ray ==
A stepping stone in evaluating of patients with SpA is sacroiliac X-ray. Sacroiliac involvement is a necessary for diagnosis of the disease, which demonstrate bilateral inflammatory condition eventuated in multiple bone erosions and sclerosis of joints.

Spondyloarthropathy electrocardiogram

2018-08-29T14:29:51Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Electrocardiogram */

== Electrocardiogram==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}There is not any specific changes in electrocardiogram of patients with Spondyloarthropathy.

Spondyloarthropathy electrocardiogram

2018-08-29T14:29:13Z

Arash Azhideh: Created page with "== Electrocardiogram== There is not any specific changes in electrocardiogram of patients with Spondyloarthropathy."

== Electrocardiogram==
There is not any specific changes in electrocardiogram of patients with Spondyloarthropathy.

Spondyloarthropathy laboratory findings

2018-08-29T14:26:52Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Laboratory findings */

==Laboratory findings==
{{Spondyloarthropathy}}Another term for Spondyloarthropathies that has been used years ago was seronegative arthritis, which demonstrate the negativity of any specific serum level of any rheumatoid factor such as ANA, ANCA, and etc.

However, there are some other non specific laboratory findings that can help to evaluate the patient treatment response.
{| style="border: 3px; font-size; 190%; margin: 1px; width: 700px" align="center"
! colspan="3" style="background: #ffd700; width: 700px:" | Laboratory findings in SpA
|-
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Examination}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Level}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|% of population }}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Haemoglobin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Decreased (Anemia of chronic disease)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |15%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ESR
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CRP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ALP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |50%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CK
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |IgA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #ffd700; width: 200px;" | ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; CRP:C-reactive protein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CK: Creatine kinase; IgA: immunoglobulin A
|}

Spondyloarthropathy laboratory findings

2018-08-29T14:25:55Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Laboratory findings */

==Laboratory findings==
Another term for Spondyloarthropathies that has been used years ago was seronegative arthritis, which demonstrate the negativity of any specific serum level of any rheumatoid factor such as ANA, ANCA, and etc.

However, there are some other non specific laboratory findings that can help to evaluate the patient treatment response.
{| style="border: 3px; font-size; 190%; margin: 1px; width: 700px" align="center"
! colspan="3" style="background: #ffd700; width: 700px:" | Laboratory findings in SpA
|-
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Examination}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Level}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|% of population }}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Haemoglobin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Decreased (Anemia of chronic disease)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |15%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ESR
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CRP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ALP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |50%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CK
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |IgA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #ffd700; width: 200px;" | ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; CRP:C-reactive protein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CK: Creatine kinase; IgA: immunoglobulin A
|}

Spondyloarthropathy laboratory findings

2018-08-29T14:24:49Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Laboratory findings */

==Laboratory findings==
Another term for Spondyloarthropathies that has been used years ago was seronegative arthritis, which demonstrate the negativity of any specific serum level of any rheumatoid factor such as ANA, ANCA, and etc.

However, there are some other non specific laboratory findings that can help to evaluate the patient treatment response.
{| style="border: 3px; font-size; 190%; margin: 1px; width: 700px" align="center"
! colspan="3" style="background: #ffd700; width: 700px:" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Laboratory findings in SpA}}
|-
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Examination}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Level}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|% of population }}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Haemoglobin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Decreased (Anemia of chronic disease)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |15%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ESR
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CRP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ALP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |50%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CK
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |IgA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #ffd700; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; CRP:C-reactive protein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CK: Creatine kinase; IgA: immunoglobulin A}}
|}

Spondyloarthropathy laboratory findings

2018-08-29T14:23:54Z

Arash Azhideh: /* Laboratory findings */

==Laboratory findings==
Another term for Spondyloarthropathies that has been used years ago was seronegative arthritis, which demonstrate the negativity of any specific serum level of any rheumatoid factor such as ANA, ANCA, and etc.

However, there are some other non specific laboratory findings that can help to evaluate the patient treatment response.
{| style="border: 3px; font-size; 190%; margin: 1px; width: 700px" align="center"
! colspan="3" style="background: #ffa500; width: 700px:" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Laboratory findings in SpA}}
|-
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Examination}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Level}}
! style="background: #1e90ff; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|% of population }}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Haemoglobin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Decreased (Anemia of chronic disease)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |15%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ESR
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CRP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |75%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |ALP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |50%
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |CK
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |IgA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" | Elevated
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="center" |
|-
! coleman="3" style="background: #ffd700; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; CRP:C-reactive protein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CK: Creatine kinase; IgA: immunoglobulin A}}
|}